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Nehemiah Глава 12
서론
Nehemiah 12 Introduction
Английский оригинал
This chapter is made up of two portions:
(a) lists of the leading priests and Levites at different periods Nehemiah 12:1-26:
(b) the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem Nehemiah 12:27-47.
This latter passage is certainly from the pen of Nehemiah, and was written probably about 433 B.C. The lists included in (a) are four:
(1) the chief priestly and Levitical families which returned to Jerusalem Nehemiah 12:1-9;
(2) the succession of the high priests from Jeshua to Jaddua Nehemiah 12:10-11;
(3) the actual heads of the priestly families in the time of the high priest Joiakim Nehemiah 12:12-21;
(4) the chief Levitical families at the same period Nehemiah 12:24-26.
Of these lists, List 1, List 3, and List 4, may have been drawn up in the time of Nehemiah, but List 2, in its present form, must be much later. See the introduction of the Book of Nehemiah.
1
Nehemiah 12:1
祭司たち――ここに挙げられている名前の数は二十二であるが、これはおそらく、二十四であったダビデの「組」の数と関連づけられるべきであろう（1 Chronicles 24:7-18）。八つの名前は、ダビデ時代のかしらたちの名前と同一である。この名簿を、ネヘミヤの契約に印を押した諸家族の名簿（Nehemiah 10:2-8）と比較すると、最初の十六の名前はほぼ同じ順序でその文書に再び現れるが、最後の六つの名前はそこに欠けていることが分かる。この六つの家族はネヘミヤの契約に印を押すことを辞退したため、ここでは一種の補遺的名簿として他のものの下に置かれたのであろうと思われる。特に Nehemiah 12:6 と Nehemiah 12:19 の双方において、名簿の第二の部分を前の部分につないでいる「そして」に注意せよ。
Английский оригинал
The priests - The number of the names here given, which is 22, is probably to be connected with that of the Davidic "courses," which was 24 1 Chronicles 24:7-18. Eight names are identical with those of the heads in David's time. On comparing the present list with that of the families who sealed to Nehemiah's covenant Nehemiah 10:2-8, we shall find that the first sixteen recur in that document nearly in the same order; but that the last six are absent from it. It would seem that as these six declined to seal to Nehemiah's covenant, they were placed below the rest here in a sort of supplementary list. Note especially the "and" which connects the second part of the lists with the earlier part, both in Nehemiah 12:6 and in Nehemiah 12:19.
8
Nehemiah 12:8
ここに挙げられているレビの諸家のうち、初めに帰還したのは三つだけである。すなわち、エシュア、カドミエル、およびユダ（あるいはホデワ）の家である（Nehemiah 7:43）。他の家々は、その後に帰還したに違いない。
Английский оригинал
Of the Levitical houses here mentioned, three only returned at first, those of Jeshua, Kadmiel, and Judah or Hodevah Nehemiah 7:43. The others must have returned subsequently.
10
Nehemiah 12:10
大祭司の六世代は、二世紀強の期間（紀元前538～333年）に及ぶので、一世代あたり三十五年に少し満たない。ヤドアは、（ヨセフスによれば）イッソスの戦いの直後、アレクサンドロスと会見した大祭司である。
Английский оригинал
The six generations of high priests covered a little more than two centuries (538-333 B.C.), or a little under thirty-five years to a generation. Jaddua was the high priest who (according to Josephus) had an interview with Alexander shortly after the battle of Issus.
22
Nehemiah 12:22
これらの節は、ヨヤキムの時代の聖職者たちに関する記述を中断させており、その記述は Nehemiah 12:24 で再開される。これらの節は、歴代誌・エズラ記・ネヘミヤ記が現在の形を初めて整えたと見られるアレクサンドロス大王の時代頃に、元の本文に付け加えられたものであると思われる。これらの節を挿入した同じ記者は、おそらく Nehemiah 12:11 も元の本文に加えたのであろう。
ペルシャのダリヨス――おそらくアレクサンドロス大王の敵手であったダリヨス・コドマノス（紀元前336～331年）であろう。ネヘミヤ記の序論を見よ。
この箇所は、公的な出来事を国家文書館に記録する慣行が、捕囚からの帰還後も、少なくともエルヤシブの息子、すなわち「孫」であるヨハナンの時代まで続いたことを示している。
Английский оригинал
These verses interrupt the account of the church officers in the time of Joiakim, resumed in Nehemiah 12:24. They appear to be an addition to the original text, made about the time of Alexander the Great, when the Books of Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah would seem to have first taken their existing shape. The same writer who introduced these verses, probably also added Nehemiah 12:11 to the original text.
Darius the Persian - Probably Darius Codomannus (336-331 B.C.), the antagonist of Alexander the Great. See the introduction of the Book of Nehemiah.
This passage shows that the practice of keeping a record of public events in state archives was continued after the return from the captivity, at least to the time of Johanan, the son, i. e., "the grandson," of Eliasbib.
24
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:24
Jeshua the son of Kadmiel - If the reading be sound, this Jeshua must have been the head of the Levitical family of Kadmiel in the time of Joiakim; but (compare Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 9:4), some read "Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel," etc.
Ward over against ward - i. e., "alternately," one part of the choir corresponding the other.
25
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:25
In 1 Chronicles 9:17, 1 Chronicles 9:24, 1 Chronicles 9:26, four families of porters only are mentioned; six are implied here, in Nehemiah 7:45, and in Ezra 2:42. From 1 Chronicles 26:14-19 it appears that the temple had four chief gates, fronting the cardinal points, and two minor ones, "toward Asuppim," and "at Parbar."
27
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:27
The dedication of the wall - The ceremony had been deferred for the space of nearly 12 years Nehemiah 13:6. Perhaps Nehemiah required an express permission from the Persian king before he could venture on a solemnity which might have been liable to misrepresentation.
Out of all their places - i. e., out of the various cities of Judah and Benjamin in which they dwelt Nehemiah 11:36.
28
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:28
The plain country round about Jerusalem - Perhaps the valleys of Hinnom and Jehoshaphat, which enclose Jerusalem on three sides, are intended.
The villages of Netophathi - Rather, as in 1 Chronicles 9:16. Netophah lay near Bethlehem 1 Chronicles 2:54, and is perhaps represented by the modern Antubeh.
29
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:29
The house of Gilgal - Or, "Beth-Gilgal" - probably the Gilgal north of Jerusalem (now "Jiljilia).
31
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:31
I brought up - Note the resumption of the first person, which has been laid aside since Nehemiah 7:5, and which is confirmed now to the end of the book. It is generally allowed that we have here once more a memoir by Nehemiah himself.
The two "companies" or choirs, having ascended the wall on its western face, near the modern Jaffa Gate, stood looking eastward toward the city and temple; then the southern choir, being on the right, commenced the circuit of the southern wall, while the choir upon the left proceeded round the northern wall Nehemiah 12:38-39, until both met on the eastern wall, between the water and the prison gates.
34
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:34
"Judah and Benjamin" are the lay people of those two tribes.
37
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:37
Above the house of David - This choir or procession went above (or beyond) the old palace of David, following the line described in Nehemiah 3:16-26, on their way to the eastern wall.
44
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:44
Judah rejoiced - Judah's satisfaction with the priests and Levites took the shape of increased offerings, more ample tithes, and the like, from where the appointment of treasuries and treasurers became necessary.
45
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:45
The ward of the purification - The observances with respect to purification. Compare 1 Chronicles 23:28.
47
Перевод готовится · английский оригиналNehemiah 12:47
The intention is to compare the religious activity and strictness of Nehemiah's time with that which had prevailed under Zerubbabel, as described by Ezra Ezr 6:16, Ezra 6:22. It is implied that the intermediate period had been a time of laxity.
They sanctified holy things ... - i. e, "the people paid their tithes regularly to the Levites, and the Levites paid the tithe of the tithes to the priests."
この章は二つの部分から成っている。
(a) 各時代における主要な祭司たちとレビ人たちの名簿（Nehemiah 12:1-26）
(b) エルサレムの城壁の献堂（Nehemiah 12:27-47）
後者の箇所は、確実にネヘミヤの筆から出たものであり、おそらく紀元前433年頃に書かれた。(a) に含まれる名簿は四つある。
(1) エルサレムに帰還した主要な祭司の諸家族とレビの諸家族（Nehemiah 12:1-9）
(2) エシュアからヤドアに至る大祭司の継承（Nehemiah 12:10-11）
(3) 大祭司ヨヤキムの時代における祭司家族の実際のかしらたち（Nehemiah 12:12-21）
(4) 同じ時代の主要なレビの諸家族（Nehemiah 12:24-26）
これらの名簿のうち、第一、第三、第四の名簿はネヘミヤの時代に作成されたものである可能性がある。しかし、現在の形の第二の名簿は、はるかに後代のものであるに違いない。ネヘミヤ記の序論を参照せよ。