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Exodus Глава 9
2
Ex 9:1-7.
简体中文
Английский оригинал
Ex 9:1-7.
MURRAIN OF BEASTS.
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3-5. 耶和华的手加在你牲畜上——摩西第五次为以色列人向法老求情,他受命告诉法老,若他执意阻止他们离去,必有瘟疫临到埃及人一切的牛群羊群,而以色列人的则得免。法老既无守约之意,便仍成为全能者箭袋之矢的靶子,他所受警告的那场灾祸便执行了。但值得注意的是,这一次灾祸不是借着亚伦的杖为工具施行,而是直接出于耶和华的手;并且定下确切的时间,更加确定了这场灾祸的真实性质
(耶 12:4)。
Английский оригинал
3-5. Behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thy cattle--A fifth application was made to Pharaoh in behalf of the Israelites by Moses, who was instructed to tell him that, if he persisted in opposing their departure, a pestilence would be sent among all the flocks and herds of the Egyptians, while those of the Israelites would be spared. As he showed no intention of keeping his promise, he was still a mark for the arrows of the Almighty's quiver, and the threatened plague of which he was forewarned was executed. But it is observable that in this instance it was not inflicted through the instrumentality or waving of Aaron's rod, but directly by the hand of the Lord, and the fixing of the precise time tended still further to determine the true character of the calamity
(Jer 12:4).
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6. 埃及的牲畜几乎都死了——并非绝对每头都死,因为我们看到
(出 9:19, 21)
还剩下一些;而是每一群里死了许多——死亡频繁而广泛。这刑罚的针对性在于:埃及人尊崇牛、母牛、公羊等较有用的牲畜;全国各地都为这些驯养的家畜建造庙宇、献上神般的敬礼,因此瘟疫不但造成金钱上的大损失,也给了他们的迷信重重一击。
Английский оригинал
6. all the cattle of Egypt died--not absolutely every beast, for we find
(Ex 9:19, 21)
that there were still some left; but a great many died of each herd--the mortality was frequent and widespread. The adaptation of this judgment consisted in Egyptians venerating the more useful animals such as the ox, the cow, and the ram; in all parts of the country temples were reared and divine honors paid to these domesticated beasts, and thus while the pestilence caused a great loss in money, it also struck a heavy blow at their superstition.
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7. 法老打发人去看,谁知以色列人的牲畜连一个都没有死——他差遣亲信去查,表明他不肯轻信含糊的报告;我们或可推论,那奇特的豁免在他心中留下了一些印象,但这印象既非良善,也不持久。他的骄傲和顽梗毫无降服。
Английский оригинал
7. Pharaoh sent . . . there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead--The despatch of confidential messengers indicates that he would not give credit to vague reports, and we may conclude that some impression had been made on his mind by that extraordinary exemption, but it was neither a good nor a permanent impression. His pride and obstinacy were in no degree subdued.
8
Ex 9:8-17.
简体中文
出埃及记 9:8-17.
疮灾
8. 你们取几捧炉灰,等等——下一灾攻击埃及人的身体,以皮肤和肉上溃疡性疱疹的形式出现
(利 13:20; 王下 20:7; 伯 2:7)。
这场疫病并非出于天然的原因,从它在摩西当着法老面前所行的特定动作下生效即可见。他所采取的姿态与东方术士相似,他们「咒诅一个人、一个村庄或一个国家时,取牛粪的灰(即从普通火中取),向空中扬起,对他们所恼怒的对象说:这样的病或这样的咒诅必临到你们」[ROBERTS]。
Английский оригинал
Ex 9:8-17.
PLAGUE OF BOILS.
8. Take to you handfuls of ashes, &c.--The next plague assailed the persons of the Egyptians, and it appeared in the form of ulcerous eruptions upon the skin and flesh
(Le 13:20; 2Ki 20:7; Job 2:7).
That this epidemic did not arise from natural causes was evident from its taking effect from the particular action of Moses done in the sight of Pharaoh. The attitude he assumed was similar to that of Eastern magicians, who, "when they pronounce an imprecation on an individual, a village, or a country, take the ashes of cows' dung (that is, from a common fire) and throw them in the air, saying to the objects of their displeasure, such a sickness or such a curse shall come upon you" [ROBERTS].
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10. 摩西从炉中取了炉灰——希伯来文作「砖窑」。术士们自己身上也受灾,虽然被召来,却无能为力;而砖窑既是以色列人受压迫的主要工具之一
[申 4:20; 王上 8:51; 耶 11:4],
如今却被转为惩罚埃及人的手段,使他们所受的刑罚成为自己罪孽的明镜。
Английский оригинал
10. Moses took ashes from the furnace--Hebrew, "brick-kiln." The magicians, being sufferers in their own persons, could do nothing, though they had been called; and as the brick-kiln was one of the principal instruments of oppression to the Israelites
[De 4:20; 1Ki 8:51; Jer 11:4],
it was now converted into a means of chastisement to the Egyptians, who were made to read their sin in their punishment.
18
Ex 9:18-35.
简体中文
出 9:18-35.
雹灾
18. 我必降下极重的冰雹——法老刚硬的心所惹来的第七灾就是冰雹;在埃及,降雨和冰雹并伴有雷鸣闪电是十分罕见的事,所以这现象必使全地大大震惊恐慌。
自埃及建国以来……没有这样的——在三角洲(即下埃及),即事情发生的地方,一月至三月间偶有降雨——冰雹并非未知,雷鸣也时有所闻。但一场不仅具备这一切要素,而且如此可怕的暴风雨——巨大的冰雹砸下,雷声以可畏的连珠轰鸣震响,闪电如烈火般横扫地面——乃是前所未有的灾难。
Английский оригинал
Ex 9:18-35.
PLAGUE OF HAIL.
18. I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, &c.--The seventh plague which Pharaoh's hardened heart provoked was that of hail, a phenomenon which must have produced the greatest astonishment and consternation in Egypt as rain and hailstones, accompanied by thunder and lightning, were very rare occurrences.
such as hath not been in Egypt--In the Delta, or lower Egypt, where the scene is laid, rain occasionally falls between January and March--hail is not unknown, and thunder sometimes heard. But a storm, not only exhibiting all these elements, but so terrific that hailstones of immense size fell, thunder pealed in awful volleys, and lightning swept the ground like fire, was an unexampled calamity.
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20、21. 耶和华话语中敬畏的……不理会——可见,关于即将来临的暴风雨,神已经预先公开发出警告——牛羊似乎已被放到草场吃草,这是从一月到四月才有牧草的时节,所以牲畜都在田间。这场暴风雨恰逢其时,不仅使百姓心中充满普遍的恐惧,更造成一切——人和牲畜——因忽视警告而留在田间的全然毁灭,以及一切草木的毁坏
[出 9:25]。
这事格外可畏,因为埃及的冰雹细小而无力;闪电也几乎未曾造成致命的影响;更叫人惊奇的是,在歌珊地竟没有风暴的一点痕迹
[出 9:26]。
Английский оригинал
20, 21. He that feared the word of the Lord . . . regarded not, &c.--Due premonition, it appears, had been publicly given of the impending tempest--the cattle seem to have been sent out to graze, which is from January to April, when alone pasturage can be obtained, and accordingly the cattle were in the fields. This storm occurring at that season, not only struck universal terror into the minds of the people, but occasioned the destruction of all--people and cattle--which, in neglect of the warning, had been left in the fields, as well as of all vegetation
[Ex 9:25].
It was the more appalling because hailstones in Egypt are small and of little force; lightning also is scarcely ever known to produce fatal effects; and to enhance the wonder, not a trace of any storm was found in Goshen
[Ex 9:26].
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27-35. 法老打发人召摩西、亚伦来,对他们说:这一次我犯了罪——神不悦的这一可畏彰显,确实深刻地影响了法老的心;他在定罪之感的重压下,谦卑自己,承认自己抵挡神旨意是错了。同时他请摩西为他祈求,使灾祸止息。摩西答应了他恳切的请求,这极可畏的刑罚便结束了。但他的悔改只是短暂的情绪,他的顽硬不久又恢复如前。
Английский оригинал
27-35. Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have sinned--This awful display of divine displeasure did seriously impress the mind of Pharaoh, and, under the weight of his convictions, he humbles himself to confess he has done wrong in opposing the divine will. At the same time he calls for Moses to intercede for cessation of the calamity. Moses accedes to his earnest wishes, and this most awful visitation ended. But his repentance proved a transient feeling, and his obduracy soon became as great as before.
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31、32. 麻和大麦被击打——这些谷物产品所提到的特性,源于埃及的气候和地理条件。在那地,亚麻和大麦几乎成熟时,小麦和黑麦(实为斯佩尔特小麦 spelt)仍是一片青绿。因此亚麻必已「结苞」——即二月间茎已长成或已结荚,这就确定了事件发生的具体月份。大麦比小麦约早一个月成熟。亚麻和大麦一般在三月成熟,小麦和黑麦(准确地说是斯佩尔特小麦)在四月。
Английский оригинал
31, 32. the flax and the barley was smitten, &c.--The peculiarities that are mentioned in these cereal products arise from the climate and physical constitution of Egypt. In that country flax and barley are almost ripe when wheat and rye (spelt) are green. And hence the flax must have been "bolled"--that is, risen in stalk or podded in February, thus fixing the particular month when the event took place. Barley ripens about a month earlier than wheat. Flax and barley are generally ripe in March, wheat and rye (properly, spelt) in April.
出埃及记 9:1-7.
畜疫之灾。