Chú giải Kinh Thánh

1Sa 15:1-6.

SAUL SENT TO DESTROY AMALEK.

1. Samuel also said unto Saul, The Lord sent me to anoint thee . . .: now therefore hearken thou unto . . . the Lord--Several years had been passed in successful military operations against troublesome neighbors. During these Saul had been left to act in a great measure at his own discretion as an independent prince. Now a second test is proposed of his possessing the character of a theocratic monarch in Israel; and in announcing the duty required of him, Samuel brought before him his official station as the Lord's vicegerent, and the peculiar obligation under which he was laid to act in that capacity. He had formerly done wrong, for which a severe rebuke and threatening were administered to him

(1Sa 13:13, 14).

Now an opportunity was afforded him of retrieving that error by an exact obedience to the divine command.

2, 3. Amalek--the powerful tribe which inhabited the country immediately to the eastward of the northern Cushites. Their territory extended over the whole of the eastern portion of the desert of Sinai to Rephidim--the earliest opponent

(De 25:18; Ex 17:8-16)

--the hereditary and restless enemy of Israel

(Nu 14:45; Jud 3:13; 6:3),

and who had not repented

(1Sa 14:48)

of their bitter and sleepless hatred during the five hundred years that had elapsed since their doom was pronounced. Being a people of nomadic habits, they were as plundering and dangerous as the Bedouin Arabs, particularly to the southern tribes. The national interest required, and God, as KING OF ISRAEL, decreed that this public enemy should be removed. Their destruction was to be without reservation or exception.

I remember--I am reminded of what Amalek did--perhaps by the still remaining trophy or memorial erected by Moses

(Ex 17:15, 16).

4. Saul gathered the people together--The alacrity with which he entered on the necessary preparations for the expedition gave a fair, but delusive promise of faithfulness in its execution.

Telaim--or Telem, among the uttermost cities of the tribe of Judah towards the coast of Edom

(Jos 15:21, 24).

5. Saul came to a city of Amalek--probably their capital.

laid wait in the valley--following the strategic policy of Joshua at Ai

(Jos 8:4).

6. Kenites--(See on

Jud 1:16).

In consequence, probably, of the unsettled state of Judah, they seem to have returned to their old desert tracts. Though now intermingled with the Amalekites, they were not implicated in the offenses of that wicked race; but for the sake of their ancestors, between whom and those of Israel there had been a league of amity, a timely warning was afforded them to remove from the scene of danger.

1Sa 15:7-9.

HE SPARES AGAG AND THE BEST OF THE SPOIL.

7-9. Saul smote the Amalekites--His own view of the proper and expedient course to follow was his rule, not the command of God.

8, 9. he took Agag . . . alive--This was the common title of the Amalekite kings. He had no scruple about the apparent cruelty of it, for he made fierce and indiscriminate havoc of the people. But he spared Agag, probably to enjoy the glory of displaying so distinguished a captive, and, in like manner, the most valuable portions of the booty, as the cattle. By this wilful and partial obedience to a positive command

[1Sa 15:3],

complying with it in some parts and violating it in others, as suited his own taste and humor, Saul showed his selfish, arbitrary temper, and his love of despotic power, and his utter unfitness to perform the duties of a delegated king in Israel.

1Sa 15:10, 11.

GOD REJECTS HIS FOR DISOBEDIENCE.

10, 11. Then came the word of the Lord unto Samuel, saying, It repenteth me that I have set up Saul--Repentance is attributed in Scripture to Him when bad men give Him cause to alter His course and method of procedure, and to treat them as if He did "repent" of kindness shown. To the heart of a man like Samuel, who was above all envious considerations, and really attached to the king, so painful an announcement moved all his pity and led him to pass a sleepless night of earnest intercession.