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According to the promise of the life which is in Christ Jesus (κατ' επαγγελιαν ζωης της εν Χριστω Ιησου). "With a view to the fulfilment of the promise." See Titus 1:1 for this same use of κατα. For κατ' επαγγελιαν see Galatians 3:29. See 1 Timothy 4:8 for the phrase "promise of life." Here or there "life that in Christ Jesus" includes the present as well as the future.

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Beloved (αγαπητο). Instead of γνησιω (genuine) in 1 Timothy 1:2. He had already called Timothy αγαπητον (verbal adjective of αγαπαω) in 1 Corinthians 4:17, an incidental and strong proof that it is Paul who is writing here. This argument applies to each of the Pastorals for Paul is known by other sources (Acts and previous Pauline Epistles) to sustain precisely the affectionate relation toward Timothy and Titus shown in the Pastorals.

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I thank (χαριν εχω). "I have gratitude." As in 1 Timothy 1:12. Robinson cites examples of this phrase from the papyri. It occurs also in Luke 17:9; Acts 2:47. Χαρις in doxologies Paul uses (1 Corinthians 15:57; 1 Corinthians 2:14; 1 Corinthians 8:16; 1 Corinthians 9:15; Romans 6:17; Romans 7:25). His usual idiom is ευχαριστω (1 Corinthians 1:4; Romans 1:8; Philemon 1:4; Philippians 1:3) or ευχαριστουμεν (1 Thessalonians 1:2; Colossians 1:3) or ου παυομα ευχαριστων (Ephesians 1:16) or ευχαριστειν οφειλομεν (2 Thessalonians 1:3). Whom I serve from my forefathers (ω λατρευω απο προγονων). The relative ω is the dative case with λατρευω (see Romans 1:9 for this verb), progressive present (I have been serving). For προγονων (forefathers) see 1 Timothy 5:4. Paul claims a pious ancestry as in Acts 24:14; Acts 26:5; Galatians 2:14; Philippians 3:4-7. In a pure conscience (εν καθαρα συνειδησε). See 1 Timothy 1:5; Acts 23:1. Unceasing (αδιαλειπτον). Late and rare compound, in N.T. only here and Romans 9:2 which see. The adverb αδιαλειπτως is more frequent (in the papyri, literary Koine, 1 Thessalonians 1:2; Romans 1:9). The adjective here is the predicate accusative, "how I hold the memory concerning thee unceasing." The use of αδιαλειπτως (adverb) is a sort of epistolary formula (papyri, 1 Thessalonians 1:2; 1 Thessalonians 2:13; 1 Thessalonians 5:17; Romans 1:9). Remembrance (μνειαν). Old word, in N.T. only Pauline (seven times, 1 Thessalonians 1:2; Romans 1:9; Philippians 1:3).

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Night and day (νυκτος κα ημερας). Genitive of time, "by night and by day." As in 1 Thessalonians 2:9; 1 Thessalonians 3:10. Longing (επιποθων). Present active participle of επιποθεω, old word, eight times in Paul (1 Thessalonians 3:6; Philippians 1:8, etc.). Remembering thy tears (μεμνημενος σου των δακρυων). Perfect middle participle of μιμνησκω, old and common verb with the genitive, only here in the Pastorals and elsewhere by Paul only in 1 Corinthians 11:2. Probably an allusion to the scene at Miletus (Acts 20:37). Cf. Acts 20:19. That I may be filled with joy (ινα χαρας πληρωθω). Final clause with ινα and first aorist passive subjunctive of πληροω (with genitive case χαρας), a verb common with Paul (Romans 8:4; Romans 13:8).

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Having been reminded (υπομνησιν λαβων). "Having received (second aorist active participle of λαμβανω) a reminder" (old word from υπομιμνησκω, to remind, in N.T. only here and 1 Peter 1:13). For the idiom see Romans 7:8; Romans 7:11. A reminder by another while αναμνησις remembrance (1 Corinthians 11:24) is rather a recalling by oneself (Vincent). Of the unfeigned faith (της ανυποκριτου πιστεως). Late compound for which see 2 Corinthians 6:6; Romans 12:9. Dwelt (ενωικησεν). First aorist active indicative of ενοικεω, old verb, in N.T. only in Paul (Romans 8:11; Colossians 3:16). First (πρωτον). Adverb, not adjective (πρωτη). In thy grandmother Lois (εν τη μαμμη Λωιδ). Old word, originally the infantile word for μητηρ (mother), then extended by writers to grandmother as here. Common for grandmother in the papyri. Lois is the mother of Eunice, Timothy's mother, since Timothy's father was a Greek (Acts 16:1). Probably both grandmother and mother became Christians. I am persuaded (πεπεισμα). Perfect passive indicative of πειθω, "I stand persuaded." In the Pastorals only here and verse 2 Timothy 1:12, common in Paul's other writings (Romans 8:38, etc.).

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For the which cause (δι' ην αιτιαν). "For which cause," stronger than διο. So in verse 2 Timothy 1:12; Titus 1:13. Only example of αιτια by Paul save in Acts 28:20. I put thee in remembrance (αναμιμνησκω). Old compound to remind (1 Corinthians 4:17; 2 Corinthians 7:15). That thou stir up (σε αναζωπυρειν). Present active infinitive of αναζωπυρεω, old double compound (ανα and ζωπυρον, live coal, ζωος and πυρ, then the bellows for kindling), to rekindle, to stir into flame, to keep blazing (continuous action, present time), only here in N.T. See 1 Thessalonians 5:19 for the figure of fire concerning the Holy Spirit. See αναπτω in Luke 12:49. The gift of God (το χαρισμα του θεου). See 1 Timothy 4:14. Here Paul says μου (my), there he mentions the presbytery. Paul felt a deep personal interest in Timothy. See 1 Corinthians 7:7; Romans 6:23; Romans 11:29 for the gift of God.

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A spirit of fearfulness (πνευμα δειλιας). Here πνευμα is the χαρισμα of verse 2 Timothy 1:6, the human spirit as endowed by the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:15). Δειλια is an old word (δειλοσ, δειδω) and always in a bad sense of cowardice, only here in N.T. Of power (δυναμεως). One of Paul's characteristic words (Romans 1:16). Of love (αγαπης). One of the gifts of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22). "Which drives out fear" (Lock) as in 1 John 4:18. Of discipline (σωφρονισμου). Late Koine word (from σωφρονιζω, to control), self-control, here only in N.T. See 1 Timothy 2:9 for σωφροσυνη.

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Be not ashamed of (μη επαισχυνθηις). First aorist (ingressive) passive subjunctive (in prohibition) of επαισχυνομα, old word, to be ashamed. Again in verse 2 Timothy 1:16 without augment (επαισχυνθην), transitive use of the passive voice as often in the Koine (Robertson, Grammar, p. 818). See Romans 1:16; Romans 6:21. "Do not become ashamed" (as he had not). The testimony of our Lord (το μαρτυριον του κυριου). For the old word μαρτυριον see 1 Corinthians 1:6; 1 Corinthians 2:1. Paul probably has in mind the saying of Jesus preserved in Mark 8:38 (Luke 9:26). See also 2 Timothy 2:12. His prisoner (τον δεσμιον αυτου). As in Philippians 1:12; Philemon 1:1; Philemon 1:9; Ephesians 3:1; Ephesians 4:1 (the first Roman captivity). Paul is in his last captivity and refers to it again in verse 2 Timothy 1:16; 2 Timothy 2:9. Suffer hardship with (συνκακοπαθησον). First aorist active imperative of the double compound συνκακοπαθεω, first known use and in N.T. only here and 2 Timothy 2:3 (in eccles. writers). But κακοπαθεω, to suffer evil, is old verb (2 Timothy 2:9; 2 Timothy 4:5). Paul is fond of compounds of συν. Paul challenges Timothy by this verb which he apparently coins for the purpose to a joint (συν) suffering with the Lord Jesus and Paul "for the gospel" (τω ευαγγελιω, dative case rather than associative instrumental "with"). According to the power of God (κατα δυναμιν θεου). Given by God (2 Corinthians 6:7).

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