Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
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The month Abib is to be considered as the commencement of the year, Exodus 12:1, Exodus 12:2. The Passover instituted; the lamb or kid to be used on the occasion to be taken from the flock the tenth day of the month, and each family to provide one, Exodus 12:3, Exodus 12:4. The lamb or kid to be a male of the first year without blemish, Exodus 12:5. To be killed on the fourteenth day, Exodus 12:6, and the blood to be sprinkled on the side posts and lintels of the doors, Exodus 12:7. The flesh to be prepared by roasting, and not to be eaten either sodden or raw, Exodus 12:8, Exodus 12:9; and no part of it to be left till the morning, Exodus 12:10. The people to eat it with their loins girded, etc., as persons prepared for a journey, Exodus 12:11. Why called the Passover, Exodus 12:12. The blood sprinkled on the door posts, etc., to be a token to them of preservation from the destroying angel, Exodus 12:13. The fourteenth day of the month Abib to be a feast for ever, Exodus 12:14. Unleavened bread to be eaten seven days, Exodus 12:15. This also to be observed in all their generations for ever, Exodus 12:17-20. Moses instructs the elders of Israel how they are to offer the lamb and sprinkle his blood, and for what purpose, Exodus 12:21-23. He binds them to instruct their children in the nature of this rite, Exodus 12:24-27. The children of Israel act as commanded, Exodus 12:28. All the first-born of Egypt slain, Exodus 12:29, Exodus 12:30. Pharaoh and the Egyptians urge Moses, Aaron, and the Israelites to depart, Exodus 12:31-33. They prepare for their departure, and get gold, silver, and raiment from the Egyptians, Exodus 12:34-36. They journey from Rameses to Succoth, in number six hundred thousand men, besides women and children, and a mixed multitude, Exodus 12:37, Exodus 12:38. They bake unleavened cakes of the dough they brought with them out of Egypt, Exodus 12:39. The time in which they sojourned in Egypt, Exodus 12:40-42. Different ordinances concerning the Passover, Exodus 12:43-49; which are all punctually observed by the people, who are brought out of Egypt the same day, Exodus 12:50, Exodus 12:51.
INTRODUCTION TO Exodus 12
This chapter begins with observing, that the month in which the above wonders were wrought in Egypt, and the following ordinance appointed to the Israelites, should hereafter be reckoned the first month in the year, Exodus 12:1 on the tenth day of which a lamb here described was to be taken and kept till the fourteenth, and then slain, and its blood sprinkled on the posts of the houses of the Israelites, Exodus 12:3, the manner of dressing and eating it is shown, Exodus 12:8 and the reason of the institution of this ordinance being given, Exodus 12:12, and an order to eat unleavened bread during seven days, in which the feast was to be kept, Exodus 12:15, directions are also given for the immediate observance of it, and particularly about the sprinkling of the blood of the lamb, and the use of it, Exodus 12:21, and this ordinance, which they were to instruct their children in, was to be kept by them in succeeding ages for ever, Exodus 12:24 about the middle of the night it was first observed, all the firstborn in Egypt were slain, which made the Egyptians urgent upon the Israelites to depart in haste, Exodus 12:28 and which they did with their unleavened dough, and with great riches they had borrowed of the Egyptians, Exodus 12:34, the number of the children of Israel at the time of their departure, the mixed multitude and cattle that went with them, their baking their unleavened cakes, the time of their sojourning in Egypt, and of their coming out of it that night, which made it a remarkable one, are all particularly taken notice of, Exodus 12:37, laws and rules are given concerning the persons that should partake of the passover, Exodus 12:43 and the chapter is concluded with observing, that it was kept according to the command of God, and that it was on the same day it was first instituted and kept that Israel were brought out of Egypt, Exodus 12:50.
Chapters 12–13
The last Plague. The departure from Egypt. Laws relating to the Passover, Maẓẓoth and the First-born. Journey to Etham
Regulations for the observance of the Passover, Exodus 12:1-13 (P), and of he feast of Maẓẓoth (i.e. Unleavened Cakes), Exodus 12:14-20 (P); communication to the people by Moses of directions (not the same as those given to him in Exodus 12:1-13) for the observance of the Passover, Exodus 12:21-28 (J); the death of the Egyptian first-born, and preparations of the Israelites for the Exodus 12:29-36 (J and E); their journey from Rameses to Succoth, Exodus 12:37-42 (E and P); supplementary regulations respecting the Passover, Exodus 12:43-51 (P); the dedication of the first-born to Jehovah, Exodus 13:1-2 (P); promulgation by Moses to the people of directions respecting the feast of Maẓẓoth, Exodus 13:3-10 (J), and the dedication of the first-born, Exodus 13:11-16 (J); the journey from Succoth to Etham, Exodus 13:17-22. The double origin of the laws in this section of Exodus is particularly evident; the marks of P in the passages assigned to him are very numerous and clear; and regulations respecting the Passover, Maẓẓoth, and the first-born, are all given in duplicate. Exodus 12:25-27 a, Exodus 13:3; Exodus 13:5; Exodus 13:8-9; Exodus 13:11; Exodus 13:14-16 may be parenetic expansions of the original text by the compiler of JE: they approximate to style and tone to Deuteronomy. Cf. the Introd. p. 17.
Exodus 12:1-13. Regulations for the Passover, according to P.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Ex 12:1-10.
Ex 12:1-10.
THE PASSOVER INSTITUTED.
1. the Lord spake unto Moses--rather, "had spoken unto Moses and Aaron"; for it is evident that the communication here described must have been made to them on or before the tenth of the month.
This chapter was written some time after the Exodus, probably when Moses put together the portions of the book toward the end of his life. The statements that these instructions were given in the land of Egypt, and that they were given to Moses and Aaron, are important: the one marks the special dignity of this ordinance, which was established before the Sinaitic code; the other marks the distinction between Moses and Aaron and all other prophets. They alone were prophets of the law, i. e. no law was promulgated by any other prophets.
And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,.... Before they and the children of Israel came out of it, before the slaying of the firstborn, yea, before Moses came from the presence of Pharaoh, and had given him notice of it; and it is very probable even before the three days darkness, seeing it seems necessary it should be four days before the passover, since on the tenth day the lamb was to be taken, and on the fourteenth slain, Exodus 12:3 and by what follows it looks as if it was at the beginning or first day of the month, and so the words may be rendered, "the Lord had spoke" (y); and the following account is deferred to this place, that there might be no interruption of the history of the plagues, and that the passover, with all its rites and ceremonies, both at the first institution and observance of it, and in later times, might be laid together.
(y) "alloquutus antem fuerat", Junius & Tremellius, Piscator; "dixerat autem"; so some in Drusius, and Ainsworth.
The month wherein they went out of Egypt to be to them the first month of the year, Exodus 12:1,2. God enjoins them to choose a spotless lamb for the passover, Exodus 12:3. How they were to eat the same, Exodus 12:4. The description of the lamb, Exodus 12:5; the time of killing it, Exodus 12:6; the manner of sprinkling, Exodus 12:7; the time and method of eating it, Exodus 12:8-11. God’s purpose to smite the first-born, Exodus 12:12. The use of the blood upon the doors, Exodus 12:13. Seven days of unleavened bread, and the manner of keeping it, Exodus 12:15. Moses directeth the elders, both for their present and future safety, Exodus 12:21-24. They instruct their children concerning it, Exodus 12:26,27. The first-born of all Egypt slain, Exodus 12:29. A great cry, Exodus 12:30. Pharaoh giveth Israel leave to go, Exodus 12:31. The Egyptians thrust them out, Exodus 12:33. Their hasty departure, Exodus 12:34. They spoil the Egyptians, Exodus 12:35,36. Their number, Exodus 12:37. Their baking unleavened bread, Exodus 12:39. How long they dwelt in Egypt, Exodus 12:40. The time of their deliverance, Exodus 12:41. Who were to partake of the passover, Exodus 12:43-49. The children of Israel did as the Lord commanded, Exodus 12:50.
The lord spake; had spoken, before the three days’ darkness, as may appear by comparing Exodus 12:3,6 of this chapter with Exodus 11:4. And the mention of it was put off by him till this place, as well that he might not interrupt the history of all the plagues, as that he might give the whole institution of the passover together.
This chapter gives an account of one of the most memorable ordinances, and one of the most memorable providences, of all that are recorded in the Old Testament. I. Not one of all the ordinances of the Jewish church was more eminent than that of the passover, nor is any one more frequently mentioned in the New Testament; and we have here an account of the institution to it. The ordinance consisted of three parts:—1. The killing and eating of the paschal lamb, Ex 12:1-6,8-11. 2. The sprinkling of the blood upon the door-posts, spoken of as a distinct thing (Heb 11:28), and peculiar to this first passover (Ex 12:7), with the reason for it, Ex 12:13. 3. The feast of unleavened bread for seven days following; this points rather at what was to be done afterwards, in the observance of this ordinance, Ex 12:14-20. This institution is communicated to the people, and they are instructed in the observance, (1.) Of this first passover, Ex 12:21-23. (2.) Of the after passovers, Ex 12:24-27. And the Israelites' obedience to these orders, Ex 12:28. II. Not one of all the providences of God concerning the Jewish church was more illustrious, or is more frequently mentioned, than the deliverance of the children of Israel out of Egypt. 1. The firstborn of the Egyptians are slain, Ex 12:29,30. 2. Orders are given immediately for their discharge, Ex 12:31-33. 3. They begin their march. (1.) Loaded with their own effects, Ex 12:34. (2.) Enriched with the spoils of Egypt, Ex 12:35,36. (3.) Attended with a mixed multitude, Ex 12:37,38. (4.) Put to their shifts for present supply, Ex 12:39. The event is dated, Ex 12:40-42. Lastly, A recapitulation in the close, [1.] Of this memorable ordinance, with some additions, Ex 12:43-49. [2.] Of this memorable providence, Ex 12:50,51.