Chú giải chương
Nehemiah Chương 8
1
Nehemiah 8:1
简体中文
bản gốc tiếng anh
The street - Rather, "the square" or "court." So in Nehemiah 8:16 (compare Ezra 10:9). The court seems to have been one between the eastern gate of the temple and the watergate in the city-wall. It would thus lie within the modern Haram area.
Ezra the scribe - This is the first mention of Ezra in the present book, and the first proof we have had that he was contemporary with Nehemiah. Probably he returned to the court of Artaxerxes soon after effecting the reforms which he relates in Ezra 10, and did not revisit Jerusalem until about the time when the walls were completed, or after an absence of more than ten years. It was natural for the people to request him to resume the work of exposition of the Law to which he had accustomed them on his former visit Ezra 7:10, Ezra 7:25.
2
Nehemiah 8:2
简体中文
七月一日——即“吹角节”的日子（见旁注）。尼希米记 8:1所述百姓的聚集，大概就是为了守这节。
bản gốc tiếng anh
Upon the first day of the seventh month - The day of the "Feast of Trumpets" (see the margin reference note). The gathering together of the people, spoken of in Nehemiah 8:1, was probably to observe this feast.
4
Nehemiah 8:4
简体中文
此处提及的十三个人，大概是当时轮值在圣殿供职之班次的祭司长。
bản gốc tiếng anh
The 13 persons mentioned were probably the chief priests of the course (shift) which was at the time performing the temple service.
5
Nehemiah 8:5
简体中文
站起来——表示专注与恭敬的姿态。可比较基督教会今日在诵读当日福音书时起立的惯例。
bản gốc tiếng anh
Stood up - The attitude of attention and respect. Compare the existing practice of the Christian Church at the reading of the Gospel for the day.
7
Nehemiah 8:7
简体中文
这里的名字（在尼希米记 9:4、尼希米记 9:5；尼希米记 10:9中亦然）似乎不是个人的本名，而是利未家族的称号，分别指耶书亚等人的后裔；这些先祖生活的年代不晚于所罗巴伯时期（尼希米记 7:43；尼希米记 12:8）。
bản gốc tiếng anh
The names here (and in Nehemiah 9:4, Nehemiah 9:5; Nehemiah 10:9) seem not to be the personal appellations of individuals, but rather designations of Levitical families, the descendants respectively of Jeshua, etc., who lived not later than the time of Zerubbabel Nehemiah 7:43; Nehemiah 12:8.
8
Nehemiah 8:8
简体中文
讲明意思——或指将希伯来语译成亚兰方言，也可能只是解释难懂的词句或段落。
使百姓明白——或作“他们（百姓）明白了所诵读的”，或作“他们（利未人）一面诵读、一面讲解”。
bản gốc tiếng anh
Gave the sense - Either by rendering the Hebrew into the Aramaic dialect, or perhaps simply by explaining obscure words or passages.
Caused them to understand - Either "they (the people) understood what was read;" or, "they (the Levites) expounded as they read."
9
Nehemiah 8:9
简体中文
省长尼希米，就是提尔沙他——迄今为止，尼希米自称 פחה pechâh（尼希米记 5:14-15、尼希米记 5:18），这是“省长”的常用词。如今他第一次被称为“提尔沙他”（参见以斯拉记 2:63注释）。
百姓哭了……——因为律法把他们当行而未行、不当行而行之罪鲜活地摆在他们眼前。在尼希米记 8:10中，犹太人并非被禁止为罪忧伤，只是被禁止以哀伤的表现破坏节期的喜乐。
bản gốc tiếng anh
Nehemiah, which is the Tirshatha - Hereto, Nehemiah has called himself פחה pechâh Nehemiah 5:14-15, Nehemiah 5:18, which is the ordinary word for "governor." Now for the first time he is called 'the Tirshatha'" (see Ezra 2:63 note.)
The people wept ... - Because the Law brought vividly before them their sins of omission and commission. In Nehemiah 8:10 the Jews were not forbidden to be sorry for their sins, but they were only prohibited from marring a festive occasion with the expression of their sorrow.
10
Nehemiah 8:10
简体中文
“送礼物”给穷人的事，除了后期的历史书之外，其他经卷并没有明确提及（参较旁注）。这惯例自然是由律法的这一吩咐生发出来的（申命记 16:11、申命记 16:14）。
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The "sending of portions" to the poor is not distinctly mentioned in any but the later historical Scriptures (compare the margin reference). The practice naturally grew out of this injunction of the Law Deuteronomy 16:11, Deuteronomy 16:14.
13
Nehemiah 8:13
简体中文
要明白——更宜译作“要思想”。
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To understand - Rather, "to consider."
14
Nehemiah 8:14
简体中文
住棚节自所罗巴伯守节以来（以斯拉记 3:4），或已完全废止，或至少在住棚这一惯例上已然荒废（尼希米记 8:17）。显然，被掳期间无法遵守律法，归回之后律法的遵守也是缓慢而艰难地才得以恢复。
bản gốc tiếng anh
The Feast of tabernacles had fallen into abeyance either entirely, or as regarded the dwelling in booths Nehemiah 8:17, since the time when it was kept by Zerubbabel Ezra 3:4. It is evident that the observance of the Law, impossible during the captivity, was restored slowly and with difficulty after the return.
15
Nehemiah 8:15
简体中文
山——大概指“橄榄山”。
松枝——更宜译作“野橄榄树的枝子”。律法中实际提名的那些树木可能已变得稀少。大概当时认为，只要采用与利未记所列树木性质大体相似的树枝，就算遵守了这命令的精神。
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The mount - The "mount of Olives" is probably intended.
Pine branches - Rather, "branches of the wild olive." The actual trees named by the Law may have become scarce. It was probably considered that the spirit of the command was kept if branches of trees similar in general character to those named in Leviticus were employed.
17
Nehemiah 8:17
简体中文
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It is not the intention of the writer to state that the Feast of tabernacles had not been kept from the time of Joshua until this occasion (see 1 Kings 8:2, 1 Kings 8:65; Ezra 3:4); but that there had been no such celebration as this since Joshua's time. Compare 2 Kings 23:22; 2 Chronicles 35:18.
街上——更宜译作“广场”或“院”。尼希米记 8:16也是如此（参较以斯拉记 10:9）。这院子似乎位于圣殿东门与城墙水门之间的地带。因此它应位于今日的圣殿山（Haram）区域之内。
文士以斯拉——这是本书首次提及以斯拉，也是我们首次得到的证据，表明他与尼希米是同时代的人。大概他在成就了以斯拉记 10章所述的改革之后不久，就回到亚达薛西的宫中，直到城墙完工前后才重访耶路撒冷，其间离开十多年。百姓请求他继续先前访问时使他们习以为常的讲解律法之工（以斯拉记 7:10、以斯拉记 7:25），这是很自然的事。