Chú giải chương
Ezekiel Chương 17
1
Eze 17:1-24.
简体中文
bản gốc tiếng anh
Eze 17:1-24.
PARABLE OF THE TWO GREAT EAGLES, AND THE CROPPING OF THE CEDAR OF LEBANON. JUDAH IS TO BE JUDGED FOR REVOLTING FROM BABYLON, WHICH HAD SET UP ZEDEKIAH INSTEAD OF JEHOIACHIN, TO EGYPT; GOD HIMSELF, AS THE RIVAL OF THE BABYLONIAN KING, IS TO PLANT THE GOSPEL CEDAR OF MESSIAH.
The date of the prophecy is between the sixth month of Zedekiah's sixth year of reign and the fifth month of the seventh year after the carrying away of Jehoiachin, that is, five years before the destruction of Jerusalem [HENDERSON].
2
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
2. 谜语——是一种持续不断的比喻，以隐晦的方式表达，需要超出寻常的敏锐和深思。其希伯来文源自动词“锋利”的词根，即旨在激发注意、磨砺心思。与“寓言（fable）”不同，因为它所教导的不是虚构，而是事实。它不像普通的谜语为要使人困惑，而是为要教导。此处的“谜语”与“比喻”相同，只是前者着眼于晦涩，后者着眼于比喻与所比事物之间的相似。
bản gốc tiếng anh
2. riddle--a continued allegory, expressed enigmatically, requiring more than common acumen and serious thought. The Hebrew is derived from a root, "sharp," that is, calculated to stimulate attention and whet the intellect. Distinct from "fable," in that it teaches not fiction, but fact. Not like the ordinary riddle, designed to puzzle, but to instruct. The "riddle" is here identical with the "parable," only that the former refers to the obscurity, the latter to the likeness of the figure to the thing compared.
3
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
3. 大鹰——百鸟之王。希伯来文字面作“那大鹰”。是亚述至高神*尼斯洛（Nisroch）*的象征；照样应用于巴比伦的“大王”——他在地上的代理人
(Jer 48:40; 49:22)。
他的“翅膀”是他庞大的军力。这样的象征对犹太人而言是熟悉的，他们在巴比伦宏伟的建筑上见过其刻画；正如如今在亚述遗物中所见。
翅膀大——暗示其帝国版图之广。
羽毛丰满——羽毛在换羽后更新之时，即焕然一新之青春的丰盛中
(Ps 103:5; Isa 40:31)。
对应于那许多作为附属国而构成巴比伦力量的民族。
羽毛有斑纹——金雕，带有星状斑点，被认为是最大的雕[BOCHART]。对应于附属巴比伦之各民族在语言、风俗、服饰上的多样性。
来到黎巴嫩——延续这比喻：正如鹰常出没于山岭而非城市。耶路撒冷的圣殿被犹太人称为“黎巴嫩”[EUSEBIUS]，
因其木工全用黎巴嫩的香柏木。“主殿的山”
(Isa 2:2)。
然而主要是指耶路撒冷，那是民事尊荣的首府，正如黎巴嫩是外在高度的象征。
拧去香柏树尽尖的嫩枝——即约雅斤王，当时仅十八岁，还有许多首领和百姓与他同在
(2Ki 24:8, 12-16)。
希伯来文“尽尖的嫩枝”本指树顶那如羊毛般的簇。（照样在
Eze 31:3-14)。香柏树作为高大的树，是君王崇高地位的象征（参较
Da 4:10-12)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
3. eagle--the king of birds. The literal Hebrew is, "the great eagle." The symbol of the Assyrian supreme god, Nisroch; so applied to "the great king" of Babylon, his vicegerent on earth
(Jer 48:40; 49:22).
His "wings" are his great forces. Such symbols were familiar to the Jews, who saw them portrayed on the great buildings of Babylon; such as are now seen in the Assyrian remains.
long-winged--implying the wide extent of his empire.
full of feathers--when they have been renewed after moulting; and so in the full freshness of renovated youth
(Ps 103:5; Isa 40:31).
Answering to the many peoples which, as tributaries, constituted the strength of Babylon.
divers colours--the golden eagle, marked with star-like spots, supposed to be the largest of eagles [BOCHART]. Answering to the variety of languages, habits, and costumes of the peoples subject to Babylon.
came unto Lebanon--continuing the metaphor: as the eagle frequents mountains, not cities. The temple at Jerusalem was called "Lebanon" by the Jews [EUSEBIUS], because its woodwork was wholly of cedars of Lebanon. "The mountain of the Lord's house"
(Isa 2:2).
Jerusalem, however, is chiefly meant, the chief seat of civil honor, as Lebanon was of external elevation.
took the highest branch--King Jeconiah, then but eighteen years old, and many of the chiefs and people with him
(2Ki 24:8, 12-16).
The Hebrew for "highest branch" is, properly, the fleece-like tuft at the top of the tree. (So in
Eze 31:3-14).
The cedar, as a tall tree, is the symbol of kingly elevation (compare
Da 4:10-12).
4
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
4. 贸易之地……买卖人——巴比伦
(2Ki 24:15, 16)，
以底格里斯河与幼发拉底河上的运输贸易闻名。又因与波斯湾相通，它与印度有大量贸易往来。
bản gốc tiếng anh
4. land of traffic . . . merchants--Babylon
(2Ki 24:15, 16),
famous for its transport traffic on the Tigris and Euphrates. Also, by its connection with the Persian Gulf, it carried on much commerce with India.
5
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
5. 地上的种子——不是外来之物，而是当地所生；是本乡之子，不是外人：即西底家，约雅斤的叔父，大卫家的人。
在肥田——字面作“种子之田”，即适合繁衍延续王室血脉之地。
如柳树——源自动词“漫溢”的希伯来文词根，因它喜水
(Isa 44:4)。
犹大是“有水泉、有溪流之地”
(De 8:7-9；
参较
Joh 3:23)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
5. seed of the land--not a foreign production, but one native in the region; a son of the soil, not a foreigner: Zedekiah, uncle of Jehoiachin, of David's family.
in a fruitful field--literally, a "field of seed"; that is, fit for propagating and continuing the seed of the royal family.
as a willow--derived from a Hebrew root, "to overflow," from its fondness for water
(Isa 44:4).
Judea was "a land of brooks of water and fountains"
(De 8:7-9;
compare
Joh 3:23).
6
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
6. 矮小的葡萄树（vine of low stature）——如今不再如从前那般是挺拔的“香柏树”；犹大国将得昌盛，却不崇高。
枝子转向他——表明 Zedekiah 作为藩臣仰望 Nebuchadnezzar 的效忠，犹大正是从他得享平安，并赖以作为独立之国存立。“枝子”指他的众子以及其余的王子贵胄。
根……在他以下——犹大的稳固系于 Babylon。此处重复“枝子”和“根源”，为要标明 Zedekiah 的忘恩：他不安于适度的昌盛，竟背叛了那曾使他起誓效忠之人。
bản gốc tiếng anh
6. vine of low stature--not now, as before, a stately "cedar"; the kingdom of Judah was to be prosperous, but not elevated.
branches turned toward him--expressing the fealty of Zedekiah as a vassal looking up to Nebuchadnezzar, to whom Judah owed its peace and very existence as a separate state. The "branches" mean his sons and the other princes and nobles.
The roots . . . under him--The stability of Judah depended on Babylon. The repetition "branches" and "springs" is in order to mark the ingratitude of Zedekiah, who, not content with moderate prosperity, revolted from him to whom he had sworn allegiance.
7
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
7. 另一只……鹰——即 Egypt 王
(Eze 17:15)。
Eze 17:3
所说的“大翅膀”在此省略，因为 Egypt 不像 Babylon 那样有广阔的帝国和庞大的军队。
葡萄树……弯……根向他——直译作“以根渴慕他”；表达犹太人心向 Egypt 的渴慕。Zedekiah 谋求与 Egypt 结盟，以为借此可摆脱对 Babylon 的依附
(2Ki 24:7, 20; 2Ch 36:13; Jer 37:5, 7)。
在……栽种的畦中浇灌它——即（葡萄树）被栽种的园圃（犹大）之中。更作“借”或“从畦中”。指 Egypt 的众水，Nile 借小渠或“畦沟”灌溉田地；这些水象征 Egypt 试图用以帮助犹大的援军。见同样的意象，
Isa 8:7。
但参看
Eze 17:10，
“它生长的畦”。
bản gốc tiếng anh
7. another . . . eagle--the king of Egypt
(Eze 17:15).
The "long-winged" of
Eze 17:3
is omitted, as Egypt had not such a wide empire and large armies as Babylon.
vine . . . bend . . . roots towards him--literally, "thirsted after him with its roots"; expressing the longings after Egypt in the Jewish heart. Zedekiah sought the alliance of Egypt, as though by it he could throw off his dependence on Babylon
(2Ki 24:7, 20; 2Ch 36:13; Jer 37:5, 7).
water it by . . . furrows of . . . plantation--that is, in the garden beds (Judea) wherein (the vine) it was planted. Rather, "by" or "out of the furrows." It refers to the waters of Egypt, the Nile being made to water the fields by means of small canals or "furrows"; these waters are the figure of the auxiliary forces wherewith Egypt tried to help Judah. See the same figure,
Isa 8:7.
But see on
Eze 17:10,
"furrows where it grew."
8
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
8. 栽于肥美的土壤——导致 Zedekiah 背叛的，不是生活必需品的缺乏，也不是 Nebuchadnezzar 的欺压，而是无端的野心、骄傲与忘恩。
bản gốc tiếng anh
8. It was planted in a good soil--It was not want of the necessaries of life, nor oppression on the port of Nebuchadnezzar, which caused Zedekiah to revolt: it was gratuitous ambition, pride, and ingratitude.
9
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
9. 岂能发旺呢？——无端的背叛岂能发旺？神必不容。“它”即葡萄树。
他……拔出——即第一只鹰，也就是 Nebuchadnezzar。
尽其春季的一切叶子——即一切发出（萌生）的叶子。
不用大力量或多——毁灭它无需 Babylon 全军；一小支分队便已足够，因神必将它交在 Nebuchadnezzar 手中
(Jer 37:10)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
9. Shall it prosper?--Could it be that gratuitous treason should prosper? God will not allow it. "It," that is, the vine.
he . . . pull up--that is, the first eagle, or Nebuchadnezzar.
in all . . . leaves of her spring--that is, all its springing (sprouting) leaves.
without great power or many--It shall not need all the forces of Babylon to destroy it; a small division of the army will suffice because God will deliver it into Nebuchadnezzar's hand
(Jer 37:10).
10
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
10. 既已栽种（being planted）——即“虽然栽种了”。
东风——东风在 Palestine 对植物有害；恰为 Babylon 的象征，因其来自东北。
在它生长的畦中枯干——Zedekiah 是在 Jericho、即犹太地上被拿的
(Jer 52:8)。
“它要枯干，虽然它有指望不断得水的畦沟”[CALVIN]，
(Eze 19:12; Ho 13:15)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
10. being planted--that is, "though planted."
east wind--The east wind was noxious to vegetation in Palestine; a fit emblem of Babylon, which came from the northeast.
wither in . . . furrows where it grew--Zedekiah was taken at Jericho, on Jewish soil
(Jer 52:8).
"It shall wither, although it has furrows from which it expects continual waterings" [CALVIN],
(Eze 19:12; Ho 13:15).
12
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
12. 你们岂不知道——他责备他们道德上的愚钝，并由此导致理智上的愚昧。
拿了王——即 Jeconiah 或 Jehoiachin
(2Ki 24:11, 12-16)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
12. Know ye not--He upbraided them with moral, leading to intellectual, stupidity.
hath taken the king--Jeconiah or Jehoiachin
(2Ki 24:11, 12-16).
13
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
13. 王的苗裔——即 Zedekiah，Jeconiah 的叔父。
使他起誓——作为藩臣向 Nebuchadnezzar 起誓效忠
(2Ch 36:13)。
又带了国中的能人——作为履行盟约的人质；因此 Zedekiah 因其背叛而使他们陷于死地。
bản gốc tiếng anh
13. the king's seed--Zedekiah, Jeconiah's uncle.
taken . . . oath of him--swearing fealty as a vassal to Nebuchadnezzar
(2Ch 36:13).
also taken the mighty--as hostages for the fulfilment of the covenant; whom, therefore, Zedekiah exposed to death by his treason.
14
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
14. 使国度低微——即国家地位低微，作 Nebuchadnezzar 的藩属；但同时对“誓言”忠贞，便可安全昌盛。Nebuchadnezzar 提出条件是真诚而坦率的，且相当宽厚；所以 Zedekiah 的背信更为卑鄙，正与他们背信于神相呼应。
bản gốc tiếng anh
14. That the kingdom might be base--that is, low as to national elevation by being Nebuchadnezzar's dependent; but, at the same time, safe and prosperous, if faithful to the "oath." Nebuchadnezzar dealt sincerely and openly in proposing conditions, and these moderate ones; therefore Zedekiah's treachery was the baser and was a counterpart to their treachery towards God.
15
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
15. 他却背叛——神因向耶路撒冷（Jerusalem）发怒而容许了这事
(2Ki 24:20)。
马——埃及（Egypt）盛产马匹；以色列被禁止从埃及寻求马匹，事实上也不可“增多”马匹
(De 17:16; Isa 31:1, 3；
比较
Isa 36:9)。
DIODORUS SICULUS [1.45] 说，从底比斯（Thebes）到孟菲斯（Memphis）全境满是皇家马厩，故可供应二万乘战车，每车二马，以备战争之用。
他岂能亨通呢？——这问题第三次被提出，其中含着愤慨的否定
(Eze 17:9, 10)。
连外邦人也相信，背誓之人不能“逃脱”刑罚。
bản gốc tiếng anh
15. he rebelled--God permitted this because of His wrath against Jerusalem
(2Ki 24:20).
horses--in which Egypt abounded and which were forbidden to Israel to seek from Egypt, or indeed to "multiply" at all
(De 17:16; Isa 31:1, 3;
compare
Isa 36:9).
DIODORUS SICULUS [1.45] says that the whole region from Thebes to Memphis was filled with royal stalls, so that twenty thousand chariots with two horses in each could be furnished for war.
Shall he prosper?--The third time this question is asked, with an indignant denial understood
(Eze 17:9, 10).
Even the heathen believed that breakers of an oath would not "escape" punishment.
16
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
16. 王所住的地方——公义的报应。他原想借背誓的诡计摆脱那较轻形式的祸患，如今那祸患却以最严重的形式临到他身上，即藩属之轭
(Eze 12:13; Jer 32:5; 34:3; 52:11)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
16. in the place where the king dwelleth--righteous retribution. He brought on himself in the worst form the evil which, in a mild form, he had sought to deliver himself from by perjured treachery, namely, vassalage
(Eze 12:13; Jer 32:5; 34:3; 52:11).
17
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
17. 法老——即法老合弗拉（Pharaoh-hophra）
(Jer 37:7; 44:30)，
尼哥（Necho）的继任者
(2Ki 23:29)。
也必不得……为他成就——直译作“在他身上成就（任何事）”，即对西底家（Zedekiah）毫无帮助。法老并未与他同心行事，因他自己也被迫退回埃及（Egypt）。
筑垒等——法老非但没有为耶路撒冷如此行，这反而是尼布甲尼撒（Nebuchadnezzar）攻击它时所行的
(Jer 52:4)。
CALVIN、MAURER 等将此归于尼布甲尼撒，“当尼布甲尼撒筑垒之时”。
bản gốc tiếng anh
17. Pharaoh--Pharaoh-hophra
(Jer 37:7; 44:30),
the successor of Necho
(2Ki 23:29).
Neither . . . make for him--literally, "effect (anything) with him," that is, be of any avail to Zedekiah. Pharaoh did not act in concert with him, for he was himself compelled to retire to Egypt.
by casting up mounts, &c.--So far from Pharaoh doing so for Jerusalem, this was what Nebuchadnezzar did against it
(Jer 52:4).
CALVIN MAURER, &c., refer it to Nebuchadnezzar, "when Nebuchadnezzar shall cast up mounts."
18
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
18. 挥手立约——为批准誓言
(2Ki 10:15; Ezr 10:19)，
也是臣服于尼布甲尼撒（Nebuchadnezzar）的记号
(1Ch 29:24，
边注；
2Ch 30:8，
边注；
La 5:6)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
18. given his hand--in ratification of the oath
(2Ki 10:15; Ezr 10:19),
and also in token of subjection to Nebuchadnezzar
(1Ch 29:24,
Margin;
2Ch 30:8,
Margin;
La 5:6).
19
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
19. 我的誓言——这奉神之名起誓的“约”实在是祂的约；这是人在对待神之事上屡次显露的背信之灵、在人身上新的实例。故此神自己必为祂的约受违犯之事，在那背誓者“头上”报应（比较
Ps 7:16)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
19. mine oath--The "covenant" being sworn in God's name was really His covenant; a new instance in relation to man of the treacherous spirit which had been so often betrayed in relation to God. God Himself must therefore avenge the violation of His covenant "on the head" of the perjurer (compare
Ps 7:16).
20
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
20. 我的网——
(Eze 12:13; 32:3)。
神怎样诱捕他，正如他从前试图诱捕别人
(Ps 7:15)。
这话至少在耶路撒冷（Jerusalem）倾覆之前三年以上所说（比较
Eze 8:1
与 Eze 20:1)。
与他辩白——借向他施审判而辩白
(Eze 20:36)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
20. my net--
(Eze 12:13; 32:3).
God entraps him as he had tried to entrap others
(Ps 7:15).
This was spoken at least upwards of three years before the fall of Jerusalem (compare
Eze 8:1, with Eze 20:1).
plead with him--by judgments on him
(Eze 20. 36).
21
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
21. 他一切逃跑的人——随他逃跑的士兵。
bản gốc tiếng anh
21. all his fugitives--the soldiers that accompany him in his flight.
22
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
22. 当以色列的国势看似无可挽回之时，弥赛亚——耶和华自己——将出乎意料地作为祂百姓的救赎者出现在舞台上
(Isa 63:5)。
我……也——神以自己与尼布甲尼撒（Nebuchadnezzar）相对：“他从那地取了一粒种子种上
(Eze 17:3, 5)， 我也要如此，却要比他更成功。他所折取并栽种的那枝子（西底家〔Zedekiah〕），只兴旺一时，终归灭亡；我要栽种同一棵树的一根嫩枝，就是大卫（David）的家——国度借永远的约原属于他——它要成为全世界的庇护，并存到永远。”
枝子——弥赛亚特有的称号
(Zec 3:8; 6:12; Isa 11:1; 4:2; Jer 23:5; 33:15)。
一根嫩枝——所罗巴伯（Zerubbabel）从未作过普世的
(Eze 17:23)
王，此处所述的大事也不能归于他，除非作为弥赛亚的预表。所指唯独弥赛亚：起初是“嫩芽和出于干地的根”
(Isa 53:2)； 祂国度的开端卑微，祂名义上的父母出身低微，虽是大卫王嫡系的代表；然而即使在那时，神在此按着祂永远的旨意称祂为“至高……中的至高”
(Ps 89:27)。
我……必将他栽在极高的山上——锡安（Zion）；注定要成为恩典与荣耀向世界照耀的道德中心与高处，超越一切属世的高度。这国度在归回巴比伦（Babylon）并重建圣殿时已预表性地开始，在基督显现时才真正开始，并在祂再来于锡安作王、由此统管全地时，达到最高的彰显
(Ps 2:6, 8; Isa 2:2, 3; Jer 3:17)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
22. When the state of Israel shall seem past recovery, Messiah, Jehovah Himself, will unexpectedly appear on the scene as Redeemer of His people
(Isa 63:5).
I . . . also--God opposes Himself to Nebuchadnezzar: "He took of the seed of the land and planted it
(Eze 17:3, 5),
so will I, but with better success than he had. The branch he plucked (Zedekiah) and planted, flourished but for a time, to perish at last; I will plant a scion of the same tree, the house of David, to whom the kingdom belongs by an everlasting covenant, and it shall be the shelter of the whole world, and shall be for ever."
branch--the peculiar title of Messiah
(Zec 3:8; 6:12; Isa 11:1; 4:2; Jer 23:5; 33:15).
a tender one--Zerubbabel never reigned as a universal
(Eze 17:23)
king, nor could the great things mentioned here be said of him, except as a type of Messiah. Messiah alone can be meant: originally "a tender plant and root out of a dry ground"
(Isa 53:2);
the beginning of His kingdom being humble, His reputed parents of lowly rank, though King David's lineal representatives; yet, even then, God here calls Him, in respect to His everlasting purpose, "the highest . . . of the high"
(Ps 89:27).
I . . . will plant it upon an high mountain--Zion; destined to be the moral center and eminence of grace and glory shining forth to the world, out-topping all mundane elevation. The kingdom, typically begun at the return from Babylon, and the rebuilding of the temple, fully began with Christ's appearing, and shall have its highest manifestation at His reappearing to reign on Zion, and thence over the whole earth
(Ps 2:6, 8; Isa 2:2, 3; Jer 3:17).
23
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
23. 在它以下……各样的飞鸟——即福音的“芥菜树”，起初虽小，至终却使万物栖身其荫下
(Mt 13:32)； 与敌基督者相对——他以亚述（Assyria）为象征，对其也有同样的话
(Eze 31:6)， 以及巴比伦（Babylon）
(Da 4:12)。 敌基督者模仿那真正属于基督的普世权柄。
bản gốc tiếng anh
23. under it . . . all fowl--the Gospel "mustard tree," small at first, but at length receiving all under its covert
(Mt 13:32);
the antithesis to Antichrist, symbolized by Assyria, of which the same is said
(Eze 31:6),
and Babylon
(Da 4:12).
Antichrist assumes in mimicry the universal power really belonging to Christ.
24
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
24. 我……使高的……降为卑——正是那位童贞女对神所归的属性，而此事要在她儿子之下成就。
高……低的树——即被高举……被降卑的君王。世上一切帝国，以巴比伦（Babylon）为代表，曾经繁盛（“青翠”），必在弥赛亚与祂百姓那曾经卑微（“枯干”）、那时却被高举的国度之前降卑，而这国度的元首是以色列
(Da 2:44)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
24. I . . . brought down the high--the very attribute given to God by the virgin mother of Him, under whom this was to be accomplished.
high . . . low tree--that is, princes elevated . . . depressed. All the empires of the world, represented by Babylon, once flourishing ("green"), shall be brought low before the once depressed ("dry"), but then exalted, kingdom of Messiah and His people, the head of whom shall be Israel
(Da 2:44).
Eze 17:1-24。
两只大鹰与黎巴嫩香柏树被折去的比喻。犹大因背叛巴比伦——那以玛探雅（即西底家）代替约雅斤而立他为王者——转而投靠埃及，必受审判；神自己则作为巴比伦王的对立面，要栽植弥赛亚那福音的香柏树。
本预言的日期，介于西底家在位第六年的第六个月、与约雅斤被掳之后第七年的第五个月之间，即耶路撒冷毁灭之前五年[HENDERSON]。