Chú giải chương
Ezekiel Chương 25
1
Eze 25:1-17.
简体中文
bản gốc tiếng anh
Eze 25:1-17.
APPROPRIATELY IN THE INTERVAL OF SILENCE AS TO THE JEWS IN THE EIGHT CHAPTERS, (TWENTY-FIFTH THROUGH THIRTY-SECOND) EZEKIEL DENOUNCES JUDGMENTS ON THE HEATHEN WORLD KINGDOMS.
If Israel was not spared, much less the heathen utterly corrupt, and having no mixture of truth, such as Israel in its worst state possessed
(1Pe 4:17, 18).
Their ruin was to be utter: Israel's but temporary
(Jer 46:28).
The nations denounced are seven, the perfect number; implying that God's judgments would visit, not merely these, but the whole round of the heathen foes of God. Babylon is excepted, because she is now for the present viewed as the rod of God's retributive justice, a view too much then lost sight of by those who fretted against her universal supremacy.
3
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
3.
(Jer 49:1)。
当……被亵渎；……当……荒凉；……当……被掳——更恰当的译法是“因……因……因”：这是亚扪人因耶路撒冷而狂妄幸灾乐祸的缘由。他们尤其为“圣所”的陷落而欢呼，视为外邦主义对耶和华之争竞主张的得胜。在约沙法时代，即第八十三篇诗写成之时
(Ps 83:4, 7, 8, 12，
“亚扪……扶助罗得的子孙”，他们因此是这不圣洁同盟的首领，“让我们得神的住处为业”），我们看到同样的亵渎之灵。如今他们恶毒的心愿似乎终在耶路撒冷陷落之时得逞。亚扪是罗得的后裔，占据约旦河以东之地，北以雅博河与亚摩利人相隔，南以亚嫩河与摩押相隔。他们是巴比伦毁灭耶路撒冷时的辅助兵力
(2Ki 24:2)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
3.
(Jer 49:1).
when . . . profaned; . . . when . . . desolate; . . . when . . . captivity--rather, "for . . . for . . . for": the cause of the insolent exultation of Ammon over Jerusalem. They triumphed especially over the fall of the "sanctuary," as the triumph of heathenism over the rival claims of Jehovah. In Jehoshaphat's time, when the eighty-third Psalm was written
(Ps 83:4, 7, 8, 12,
"Ammon . . . holpen the children of Lot," who were, therefore, the leaders of the unholy conspiracy, "Let us take to ourselves the houses of God in possession"), we see the same profane spirit. Now at last their wicked wish seems accomplished in the fall of Jerusalem. Ammon, descended from Lot, held the region east of Jordan, separated from the Amorites on the north by the river Jabbok, and from Moab on the south by the Arnon. They were auxiliaries to Babylon in the destruction of Jerusalem
(2Ki 24:2).
4
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
4. 东方人——字面作“东方之子”，即约旦河与死海以东、阿拉伯沙漠的游牧部落。
宫殿——他们的游牧营地或羊圈，周围以泥墙环绕，此处讥讽地称之为宫殿。你昔日“宫殿”所在之处，将有他们那截然不同的“宫殿”立起。这在尼布甲尼撒于耶路撒冷毁灭后不久蹂躏其地之后应验（参较
Eze 21:22; Jer 49:1-28)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
4. men of . . . east--literally, "children of the East," the nomad tribes of Arabia-Deserta, east of the Jordan and the Dead Sea.
palaces--their nomadic encampments or folds, surrounded with mud walls, are so called in irony. Where thy "palaces" once stood, there shall their very different "palaces" stand. Fulfilled after the ravaging of their region by Nebuchadnezzar, shortly after the destruction of Jerusalem (compare
Eze 21:22; Jer 49:1-28).
5
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
5. 拉巴——意为“大城”，亚扪的都城。在多利买王朝治下，它以非拉铁非之名重建；其废墟今称安曼，但已无人居住。
亚扪人——即亚扪的地区将成为“羊群的卧处”，即阿拉伯人的羊群。“骆驼”是迦勒底人主要的驮兽，因此排在首位，因为他们的入侵将使亚扪之地预备好给阿拉伯“羊群”。从前忙碌的人，将变成“安静卧着的羊群”。
bản gốc tiếng anh
5. Rabbah--meaning "the Great," Ammon's metropolis. Under the Ptolemies it was rebuilt under the name Philadelphia; the ruins are called Amman now, but there is no dwelling inhabited.
Ammonites--that is, the Ammonite region is to be a "couching place for flocks," namely of the Arabs. The "camels," being the chief beast of burden of the Chaldeans, are put first, as their invasion was to prepare the Ammonite land for the Arab "flocks." Instead of busy men, there shall be "still and couching flocks."
6
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
6, 7. “因你曾拍你的掌”，幸灾乐祸于耶路撒冷的倾覆，“我也必向你伸我的手”（
Eze 21:17
所说“我将我手中的刀击打在一处”或亦指此）。
手……脚……心——连同里面一切的心意，与外面一切的表现。顿足意为欢跃起舞。
bản gốc tiếng anh
6, 7. "Because thou hast clapped thine hands," exulting over the downfall of Jerusalem, "I also will stretch out Mine hand upon thee" (to which
Eze 21:17
also may refer, "I will smite Mine hands together").
hands . . . feet . . . heart--with the whole inward feeling, and with every outward indication. Stamping with the foot means dancing for joy.
7
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
7. 掠物——如*希伯来文边注（Hebrew Margin）*或 Keri 所载，而非正文（Chetib）的“肉”（如
Eze 26:5; 34:28)。
他们的财物要成为“敌人的掠物”；他们的国要被“剪除”，不再成为“一族之民”；而他们作为个人，大多要被“毁灭”。
bản gốc tiếng anh
7. a spoil--so the Hebrew Margin, or Keri, for the text or Chetib, "meat" (so
Eze 26:5; 34:28).
Their goods were to be a "spoil to the foe"; their state was to be "cut off," so as to be no more a "people"; and they were as individuals, for the most part, to be "destroyed."
8
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
8. Moab、Seir 与 Ammon 是彼此相连的国家，从北面的 Gilead 一直延伸到 Red Sea。因此他们自然地协同行动，并一致与 Judea 为敌。
犹大与……众……外邦一样——犹太人的遭遇不比别人好：他们所说是独一真神的耶和华，事奉他于他们无益。
bản gốc tiếng anh
8. Moab, Seir, and Ammon were contiguous countries, stretching in one line from Gilead on the north to the Red Sea. They therefore naturally acted in concert, and in joint hostility to Judea.
Judah is like . . . all . . . heathen--The Jews fare no better than others: it is of no use to them to serve Jehovah, who, they say, is the only true God.
9
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
9, 10. 拆开……从那些城——我必开 Moab 的侧，或边界（取自一人侧身敞开受击的比喻），从其西北边界、Arnon 河对岸那些城的方向，那地曾分给 Reuben
(Jos 13:15-21)，
如今却在原主手中；“东方之人”，即游牧的 Bedouin 部族，要借这些城进入 Moab 而毁坏它。Moab 果然被他们毁坏殆尽，远在基督之前许久，便已消融于沙漠部族之中。GROTIUS 将“城”这希伯来文（Hebrew）译作专有名词 Ar 和 Aroer，在 Arnon 河畔。因此希伯来文（Hebrew）“城”即“Ar”，在此重复两次
(Nu 21:28; De 2:36; Isa 15:1)。
本国的荣耀——Moab 一带比 Ammon 更为富庶；相当于今日的 Belka，是南 Syria 最富饶的地区，也因此成为 Bedouins 之间多次争夺之地。故此处称之为“荣耀之地”（直译作“一地的荣耀”或“装饰”）[FAIRBAIRN]。更作：“本国的荣耀”与紧接其前的“城”同位，其名称随即列出。
Beth-jeshimoth——意为“荒场之城”；或许因某次围攻而得名；位于西边。
Baal-meon——又称“Beth-meon”
(Jer 48:23)，
以及“Beth-baal-meon”
(Jos 13:17，
因 Baal 的崇拜而得名），又简称“Bajith”
(Isa 15:2)。
Kiriathaim——“双城”。这些城的坚固助长了 Moab 的“骄傲”
(Isa 16:6)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
9, 10. open . . . from the cities--I will open up the side, or border of Moab (metaphor from a man whose side is open to blows), from the (direction of) the cities on his northwest border beyond the Arnon, once assigned to Reuben
(Jos 13:15-21),
but now in the hands of their original owners; and the "men of the east," the wandering Bedouin hordes, shall enter through these cities into Moab and waste it. Moab accordingly was so wasted by them, that long before the time of Christ it had melted away among the hordes of the desert. For "cities," GROTIUS translates the Hebrew as proper names, the Ar and Aroer, on the Arnon. Hence the Hebrew for "cities," "Ar" is repeated twice
(Nu 21:28; De 2:36; Isa 15:1).
glory of the country--The region of Moab was richer than that of Ammon; it answers to the modern Belka, the richest district in South Syria, and the scene in consequence of many a contest among the Bedouins. Hence it is called here a "glorious land" (literally, "a glory," or "ornament of a land") [FAIRBAIRN]. Rather, "the glory of the country" is in apposition with "cities" which immediately precedes, and the names of which presently follow.
Beth-jeshimoth--meaning "the city of desolations"; perhaps so named from some siege it sustained; it was towards the west.
Baal-meon--called also "Beth-meon"
(Jer 48:23),
and "Beth-baal-meon"
(Jos 13:17,
called so from the worship of Baal), and "Bajith," simply
(Isa 15:2).
Kiriathaim--"the double city." The strength of these cities engendered "the pride" of Moab
(Isa 16:6).
10
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
10. 连同 Ammon 人——FAIRBAIRN 解释并译作：“向着 Ammon 的子民”（省略作：“我必向东方之人开启 Moab，他们既已蹂躏 Ammon 的子民，便要进攻 Moab”）。MAURER 如*英文译本（English Version）*译作：“连同 Ammon 人”，即 Moab“连同 Ammon 之地”都要向东方之人敞开，任其进入占据
(Jer 49:1-39)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
10. with the Ammonites--FAIRBAIRN explains and translates, "upon the children of Ammon" (elliptically for, "I will open Moab to the men of the east, who, having overrun the children of Ammon, shall then fall on Moab"). MAURER, as English Version, "with the Ammonites," that is, Moab, "together with the land of Ammon," is to be thrown "open to the men of the east," to enter and take possession
(Jer 49:1-39).
12
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
12. 施报——直译作“以报复报复”，即最无情的报复。这不是单纯的恨，而是深藏不释、难以平息的报复。Edom 或 Esau 的积怨，起因于 Jacob 夺了他 Isaac 的祝福
(Ge 25:23; 27:27-41)。
这报复之念在 Jacob 借那与他较力祷告者之祝福而对他大施恩慈之时曾一度退让；但当 Esau 的后裔看见幼支升到他们以为理当属于自己的首位时，这积怨便作为世仇死灰复燃。更近的原因是 David 使 Edom 臣服于 Israel
(2Sa 8:14)。
因此他们借加入 Chaldeans 毁灭耶路撒冷以泄愤
(Ps 137:7; La 4:22; Ob 10-14)，
然后截杀逃亡的犹太人
(Am 1:11)，
并占据一部分犹太地直至 Hebron。
bản gốc tiếng anh
12. taking vengeance--literally, "revenging with revengement," that is, the most unrelenting vengeance. It was not simple hatred, but deep-brooding, implacable revenge. The grudge of Edom or Esau was originally for Jacob's robbing him of Isaac's blessing
(Ge 25:23; 27:27-41).
This purpose of revenge yielded to the extraordinary kindness of Jacob, through the blessing of Him with whom Jacob wrestled in prayer; but it was revived as an hereditary grudge in the posterity of Esau when they saw the younger branch rising to the pre-eminence which they thought of right belonged to themselves. More recently, for David's subjugation of Edom to Israel
(2Sa 8:14).
They therefore gave vent to their spite by joining the Chaldeans in destroying Jerusalem
(Ps 137:7; La 4:22; Ob 10-14),
and then intercepting and killing the fugitive Jews
(Am 1:11)
and occupying part of the Jewish land as far as Hebron.
13
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
13. 提幔（Teman）……底但（Dedan）的人——更作“我必使它荒凉，从（南方的）Teman 直到（西北方的）Dedan”[GROTIUS]，
(Jer 49:8)，
即从北到南的全国，从 Dead Sea 以南延伸到 Red Sea 的 Elanitic 湾。
bản gốc tiếng anh
13. Teman . . . they of Dedan--rather, "I will make it desolate from Teman (in the south) even to Dedan (in the northwest)" [GROTIUS],
(Jer 49:8),
that is, the whole country from north to south, stretching from the south of the Dead Sea to the Elanitic gulf of the Red Sea.
14
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
14. 借……我的民以色列——即借 Judas Maccabeus。Idumeans 终被 John Hyrcanus 以强制割礼并入犹太国（见
Isa 34:5; 63:1，
等等；马加比一书 5:3）。到了基督之时，两者融合如此彻底，以致 Idumean 出身的 Herod 诸王作为犹太人，治理两族如同一民。古时的预言如此应验
(Ge 25:23)，
“大的要服侍小的。”
bản gốc tiếng anh
14. by . . . my people Israel--namely, by Judas Maccabeus. The Idumeans were finally, by compulsory circumcision, incorporated with the Jewish state by John Hyrcanus (see
Isa 34:5; 63:1,
&c.; 1 Maccabees 5:3). So complete was the amalgamation in Christ's time, that the Herods of Idumean origin, as Jews, ruled over the two races as one people. Thus the ancient prophecy was fulfilled
(Ge 25:23),
"The elder shall serve the younger."
15
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
15.
(1Sa 13:1-14:52; 2Ch 28:18)。
“古时的仇恨”指他们对立约之民一贯的敌意。他们沿犹大（Judea）海岸、在亚扪（Ammon）与摩押（Moab）对面的那边居住。他们被乌西雅（Uzziah）所击败
(2Ch 26:6)，
又被希西家（Hezekiah）所击败
(2Ki 18:8)。
尼布甲尼撒（Nebuchadnezzar）在围困推罗（Tyre）之后、前往埃及（Egypt）的途中，蹂躏了沿海的诸城
(Jer 47:1-7)。
神必报应那些将报应之权从祂手中夺去、自行其是的人
(Ro 12:19-21; Jas 2:13)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
15.
(1Sa 13:1-14:52; 2Ch 28:18).
The "old hatred" refers to their continual enmity to the covenant-people. They lay along Judea on the seacoast at the opposite side from Ammon and Moab. They were overthrown by Uzziah
(2Ch 26:6),
and by Hezekiah
(2Ki 18:8).
Nebuchadnezzar overran the cities on the seacoast on his way to Egypt after besieging Tyre
(Jer 47:1-7).
God will take vengeance on those who take the avenging of themselves out of His hands into their own
(Ro 12:19-21; Jas 2:13).
16
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
16. 剪除基利提人（Cherethims）——希伯来文中有谐音的双关语：hichratti cherethim，即“我要杀灭那杀戮者”。此名也许因他们好战的性情而加于非利士人（Philistines）的一部分
(1Sa 30:14; 31:3)。
他们擅长弓箭，故大卫（David）从他们中间招募了一队亲兵
(2Sa 8:18; 15:18; 20:7)。
他们出自迦斐托（Caphtor），多人将之等同于克里特（Crete），该地以弓箭闻名，其名与Cherethim一词相近。虽然在迁徙多向西而行这一点上，克里特更像是自非利士殖民而来，而非非利士来自克里特，但也许有一部分克里特人定居在南非利士地的基利提，而非利士人作为一个民族可能最初来自东方（比较
De 2:23; Jer 47:4; Am 9:7; Zep 2:5)。
在
Ge 10:14
中非利士人被列为与迦斐托人不同，据说出自卡斯路希人（Casluhim）；故基利提人不过是非利士人的一部分，这正为
1Sa 30:14
所证实。
剩下……的人——即在地中海（Mediterranean）海岸上的：那些在撒母耳、大卫、希西家（Hezekiah），以及埃及（Egypt）的普撒美提克（Psammetichus，即法老尼哥〔Pharaoh-necho〕之父）所施的先前击打之后残存的人
(Jer 25:20)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
16. cut off the Cherethims--There is a play on similar sounds in the Hebrew, hichratti cherethim, "I will slay the slayers." The name may have been given to a section of the Philistines from their warlike disposition
(1Sa 30:14; 31:3).
They excelled in archery, whence David enrolled a bodyguard from them
(2Sa 8:18; 15:18; 20:7).
They sprang from Caphtor, identified by many with Crete, which was famed for archery, and to which the name Cherethim seems akin. Though in emigration, which mostly tended westwards, Crete seems more likely to be colonized from Philistia than Philistia from Crete, a section of Cretans may have settled at Cherethim in South Philistia, while the Philistines, as a nation, may have come originally from the east (compare
De 2:23; Jer 47:4; Am 9:7; Zep 2:5).
In
Ge 10:14
the Philistines are made distinct from the Caphtorim, and are said to come from the Casluhim; so that the Cherethim were but a part of the Philistines, which
1Sa 30:14
confirms.
remnant of--that is, "on the seacoast" of the Mediterranean: those left remaining after the former overthrows inflicted by Samuel, David, Hezekiah, and Psammetichus of Egypt, father of Pharaoh-necho
(Jer 25:20).
17
Không có tiêu đề
简体中文
17. 认识……报应——他们必认识我，不是在恩典中，而是借着我向他们所施的报应
(Ps 9:16)。
bản gốc tiếng anh
17. know . . . vengeance--They shall know Me, not in mercy, but by My vengeance on them
(Ps 9:16).
Eze 25:1-17。
在论到犹太人的八章沉默间隔中（第二十五至三十二章），以西结恰当地向外邦世界列国宣告审判。
以色列尚且不得宽免，那完全败坏、没有丝毫真理掺杂的外邦更不能幸免——而以色列在最败坏之时仍拥有这样的真理
(1Pe 4:17, 18)。
他们的灭亡将是彻底的；以色列的则不过是暂时的
(Jer 46:28)。
被宣告审判的列国共有七个，是完全的数目；暗示神的审判不仅要临到这些国家，还要临到全部抵挡神的外邦仇敌。巴比伦被除外，因为此刻她被视为神报应公义的杖；当时那些对她普世霸权心怀怨恨的人，恰恰忽略了这一点。