Chú giải chương
Ezekiel Chương 29
1
Eze 29:1-21.
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Eze 29:1-21.
THE JUDGMENT ON EGYPT BY NEBUCHADNEZZAR; THOUGH ABOUT TO BE RESTORED AFTER FORTY YEARS, IT WAS STILL TO BE IN A STATE OF DEGRADATION.
This is the last of the world kingdoms against which Ezekiel's prophecies are directed, and occupies the largest space in them, namely, the next four chapters. Though farther off than Tyre, it exercised a more powerful influence on Israel.
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2. 法老——埃及一切君王的通稱，意為「太陽」；或如另一些人說，是「鱷魚」，在埃及部分地區受敬拜（比較
Eze 29:3)。
此時在位的是合弗拉（Hophra；即亞比里士 Apries）。他的統治起初十分順利。他攻取了迦薩
(Jer 47:1)
和西頓，成為腓尼基和巴勒斯坦的主人，收回了埃及在尼布甲尼撒於迦基米施得勝時所失的大部分土地
(2Ki 24:7; Jer 46:2)，
時為約雅敬第四年〔WILKINSON，《古代埃及》Ancient Egypt, 1.169〕。他因二十五年來的成功而驕傲自恃，甚至說連神也不能奪去他的國〔HERODOTUS, 2.169〕。因此
Eze 29:3
對他的描述恰如其分。以西結單憑人的洞察力，斷不能在埃及鼎盛之時預見其傾覆。這些預言分為四部分：第一部分在以西結被擄第十年；末一部分在第十二年。在第一與第二部分之間，有一篇日期晚得多的，直到第二十七年才賜下
(Eze 29:17; 30:19)，
但按主題之合宜而被置於此。法老合弗拉（即亞比里士）被廢黜並被勒死，尼布甲尼撒改立亞比西斯為王（比較
Jer 44:30)。
埃及祭司出於民族虛榮，沒有向 HERODOTUS 提及埃及因尼布甲尼撒而在敘利亞失地的事——這是 JOSEPHUS 告訴我們的——卻將從亞比里士到亞比西斯的更替，單單歸因於埃及軍隊。兩位對手之間的內戰無疑持續了數年，為尼布甲尼撒的介入提供了機會，並讓篡位者亞比西斯登基——條件是他向巴比倫進貢〔WILKINSON〕。比較
Jer 43:10-12，
並見
Jer 43:13
的註解，那裡對尼布甲尼撒介入的理由另有見解。
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2. Pharaoh--a common name of all the kings of Egypt, meaning "the sun"; or, as others say, a "crocodile," which was worshipped in parts of Egypt (compare
Eze 29:3).
Hophra or Apries was on the throne at this time. His reign began prosperously. He took Gaza
(Jer 47:1)
and Zidon and made himself master of Phœnicia and Palestine, recovering much that was lost to Egypt by the victory of Nebuchadnezzar at Carchemish
(2Ki 24:7; Jer 46:2),
in the fourth year of Jehoiakim [WILKINSON, Ancient Egypt, 1.169]. So proudly secure because of his successes for twenty-five years did he feel, that he said not even a god could deprive him of his kingdom [HERODOTUS, 2.169]. Hence the appropriateness of the description of him in
Eze 29:3.
No mere human sagacity could have enabled Ezekiel to foresee Egypt's downfall in the height of its prosperity. There are four divisions of these prophecies; the first in the tenth year of Ezekiel's captivity; the last in the twelfth. Between the first and second comes one of much later date, not having been given till the twenty-seventh year
(Eze 29:17; 30:19),
but placed there as appropriate to the subject matter. Pharaoh-hophra, or Apries, was dethroned and strangled, and Amasis substituted as king, by Nebuchadnezzar (compare
Jer 44:30).
The Egyptian priests, from national vanity, made no mention to HERODOTUS of the Egyptian loss of territory in Syria through Nebuchadnezzar, of which JOSEPHUS tells us, but attributed the change in the succession from Apries to Amasis solely to the Egyptian soldiery. The civil war between the two rivals no doubt lasted several years, affording an opportunity to Nebuchadnezzar of interfering and of elevating the usurper Amasis, on condition of his becoming tributary to Babylon [WILKINSON]. Compare
Jer 43:10-12,
and see on
Jer 43:13,
for another view of the grounds of interference of Nebuchadnezzar.
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3. 大魚——希伯來文 tanim，任何大型水棲動物，此處指鱷魚——在羅馬錢幣上為埃及的象徵。
躺臥——驕傲安然地安息。
河——尼羅河的各個出口、支流與運河，埃及的肥沃皆歸功於此。
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3. dragon--Hebrew, tanim, any large aquatic animal, here the crocodile, which on Roman coins is the emblem of Egypt.
lieth--restest proudly secure.
his rivers--the mouths, branches, and canals of the Nile, to which Egypt owed its fertility.
4
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4. 鉤子鉤在你的腮上——
(Isa 37:29；
比較
Job 41:1, 2)。
亞比西斯就是那「鉤子」。在亞述的雕刻中，俘虜被描繪為下唇穿著鉤子，鉤上繫著繩子，由王牽著。
使……魚……貼在……鱗甲上——法老自恃其權勢，彷彿自己是神
(Eze 29:3，
「我造了它」），想要代替神作盟約之民的保護者，他的動機不是愛他們，而是與巴比倫爭競。他解了耶路撒冷的圍，但那只不過是一時的（比較
Eze 29:6; Jer 37:5, 7-10)；
災禍不僅追上他們，也追上他自己。正如附在鱷魚——尼羅河之主——角質鱗甲上的魚，當鱷魚被捉時與之同命，照樣法老——埃及之主——的黨羽，當他被亞比西斯傾覆時，也必與他同命。
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4. hooks in thy jaws--
(Isa 37:29;
compare
Job 41:1, 2).
Amasis was the "hook." In the Assyrian sculptures prisoners are represented with a hook in the underlip, and a cord from it held by the king.
cause . . . fish . . . stick unto . . . scales--Pharaoh, presuming on his power as if he were God
(Eze 29:3,
"I have made it"), wished to stand in the stead of God as defender of the covenant-people, his motive being, not love to them, but rivalry with Babylon. He raised the siege of Jerusalem, but it was only for a time (compare
Eze 29:6; Jer 37:5, 7-10);
ruin overtook not only them, but himself. As the fish that clung to the horny scales of the crocodile, the lord of the Nile, when he was caught, shared his fate, so the adherents of Pharaoh, lord of Egypt, when he was overthrown by Amasis, should share his fate.
5
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5. 曠野——你國境以外的被擄。這措辭或許用以暗示同類的報應。正如埃及追趕以色列時說「曠野把他們關住了」
(Ex 14:3)，
照樣她自己也要被帶入曠野的狀態。
空野——字面作「田野的面」。
不得收殮——正如鱷魚被捕後不會被放回河中，照樣你潰敗的軍隊在曠野被擊敗後，沒有任何餘剩的可以收聚、重整。法老曾率軍征伐非洲的哥林尼，支援被哥林尼人奪去王權的亞里克里斯。軍隊全軍覆沒，埃及也背叛了他〔JUNIUS〕。但主要所指是被尼布甲尼撒擊敗。
獸……鳥——敵對而野蠻的人。
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5. wilderness--captivity beyond thy kingdom. The expression is used perhaps to imply retribution in kind. As Egypt pursued after Israel, saying, "The wilderness hath shut them in"
(Ex 14:3),
so she herself shall be brought into a wilderness state.
open fields--literally, "face of the field."
not be brought together--As the crocodile is not, when caught, restored to the river, so no remnant of thy routed army shall be brought together, and rallied, after its defeat in the wilderness. Pharaoh led an army against Cyrene in Africa, in support of Aricranes, who had been stripped of his kingdom by the Cyrenians. The army perished and Egypt rebelled against him [JUNIUS]. But the reference is mainly to the defeat by Nebuchadnezzar.
beasts . . . fowls--hostile and savage men.
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6. ……以色列……的蘆葦杖——暗指尼羅河岸上的蘆葦，人若倚靠它便會折斷（見
Eze 29:4；
Isa 36:6
的註解）。
以色列對埃及的一切倚靠，證明是有害而非有益
(Isa 30:1-5)。
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6. staff of reed to . . . Israel--alluding to the reeds on the banks of the Nile, which broke if one leaned upon them (see on
Eze 29:4;
Isa 36:6).
All Israel's dependence on Egypt proved hurtful instead of beneficial
(Isa 30:1-5).
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7. 手——或指蘆葦的柄。
扭……肩——當扶持手的支撐物失靈時，肩或臂落在尖刺上因而受傷。
使……腰……站立不住——即使之無力。MAURER 有類似的解釋（引用一同源的 阿拉伯文 字形），譯作「你擊打了他們的兩腰」。FAIRBAIRN 則不太恰當地譯為「你讓他們一切腰站立」，即任憑他們獨自站立，喪失了他們指望從你而得的扶持。
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7. hand--or handle of the reed.
rend . . . shoulder--by the splinters on which the shoulder or arm would fall, on the support failing the hand.
madest . . . loins . . . at a stand--that is, made them to be disabled. MAURER somewhat similarly (referring to a kindred Arabic form), "Thou hast stricken both their loins." FAIRBAIRN, not so well, "Thou lettest all their loins stand," that is, by themselves, bereft of the support which they looked for from thee.
8
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8. 刀劍——尼布甲尼撒的軍隊
（結二十九19）。
也包括亞瑪西斯和埃及叛軍，他們在法老合弗利於古利奈潰敗之後，在孟菲斯的一場戰役中擊敗了他，將他廢黜並勒死〔JUNIUS〕。
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8. a sword--Nebuchadnezzar's army
(Eze 29:19).
Also Amasis and the Egyptian revolters who after Pharaoh-hophra's discomfiture in Cyrene dethroned and strangled him, having defeated him in a battle fought at Memphis [JUNIUS].
9
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9. 我是主——與此處重複的
結二十九3
那褻瀆的誇口形成對比：「這河是我的，是我造的。」
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9. I am the Lord--in antithesis to the blasphemous boast repeated here from
Eze 29:3,
"The river is mine, and I have made it."
10
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10. 從色弗尼塔——GROTIUS 譯為「從密奪（蘇伊士運河北佩魯西姆附近的一座堡壘）到色弗尼（在最南端）」；即從埃及的一端到另一端。如「從密奪到色弗尼」，
結三十6，
邊註。然而，英文譯本正確地將色弗尼歸於 Seveneh，即尼羅河東部三角洲的塞本尼圖斯，下埃及諸王的都城。塞本尼圖斯法老們在迦南人的幫助下——他們作為牧人或商人遊走於蘇伊士沙漠——將邊界擴展到三角洲以東那狹窄省份之外，而那是上埃及法老們先前將他們限制於其中的。戰敗的一方作為嘲弄，稱塞本尼圖斯或下埃及人為外族人和牧人王（牧人在埃及是可憎的，
創四十六34）。 他們其實是一個本土王朝。因此，在英文譯本中，最南端的「古實」與北方的塞本尼圖斯或色弗尼形成正確的對比。
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10. from the tower of Syene--GROTIUS translates, "from Migdol (a fortress near Pelusium on the north of Suez) to Syene (in the farthest south)"; that is, from one end of Egypt to the other. So "from Migdol to Syene,"
Eze 30:6,
Margin. However, English Version rightly refers Syene to Seveneh, that is, Sebennytus, in the eastern delta of the Nile, the capital of the Lower Egyptian kings. The Sebennyte Pharaohs, with the help of the Canaanites, who, as shepherds or merchants, ranged the desert of Suez, extended their borders beyond the narrow province east of the delta, to which they had been confined by the Pharaohs of Upper Egypt. The defeated party, in derision, named the Sebennyte or Lower Egyptians foreigners and shepherd-kings (a shepherd being an abomination in Egypt,
Ge 46:34).
They were really a native dynasty. Thus, in English Version, "Ethiopia" in the extreme south is rightly contrasted with Sebennytus or Syene in the north.
11
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11. 四十年——對應以色列人——他們先前的奴隸——在「曠野」飄流的四十年（參註，見
結二十九5
的註解）。
JEROME 指出，四十這個數字常與苦難和審判相連。洪水之雨四十天毀滅了世界。摩西、以利亞和救主禁食四十天。埃及被尼布甲尼撒推翻到古列施行拯救之間，約有四十年。這主要是指社會和政治衰敗的理想四十年曠野狀態，而非字面上人畜在那段時期完全不經過（參
結四6； 賽十九2、11）。
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11. forty years--answering to the forty years in which the Israelites, their former bondsmen, wandered in "the wilderness" (compare Note, see on
Eze 29:5).
JEROME remarks the number forty is one often connected with affliction and judgment. The rains of the flood in forty days brought destruction on the world. Moses, Elias, and the Saviour fasted forty days. The interval between Egypt's overthrow by Nebuchadnezzar and the deliverance by Cyrus, was about forty years. The ideal forty years' wilderness state of social and political degradation, rather than a literal non-passing of man or beast for that term, is mainly intended (so
Eze 4:6; Isa 19:2, 11).
12
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12. 正如以色列經歷了一段曠野管教的時期（參
結二十35
等），其本質特徵將再次重演，埃及也將如此〔FAIRBAIRN〕。一些埃及人將被帶到巴比倫，也有許多人因恐懼「分散」在阿拉伯和古實；但主要而言，「分散」是指他們勢力的瓦解，即使百姓仍留在本地。
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12. As Israel passed through a term of wilderness discipline (compare
Eze 20:35,
&c.), which was in its essential features to be repeated again, so it was to be with Egypt [FAIRBAIRN]. Some Egyptians were to be carried to Babylon, also many "scattered" in Arabia and Ethiopia through fear; but mainly the "scattering" was to be the dissipation of their power, even though the people still remained in their own land.
13
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13.
（耶四十六26）。
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13.
(Jer 46:26).
14
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14. 巴忒羅——底比斯，即上埃及，曾特別受到尼布甲尼撒的蹂躪
（鴻三8、10）。
就文明和藝術而言，是埃及最古老的部分。底比斯古時被稱為「埃及」〔亞里斯多德〕。因此被稱為埃及人的「出生」（邊註作「居住」）之地。
低微的國——在亞瑪西斯治下成為巴比倫的附庸；在岡比西斯手下更加卑微；在多利買王朝下雖略有提升，卻從未恢復古時的卓越地位。
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14. Pathros--the Thebaid, or Upper Egypt, which had been especially harassed by Nebuchadnezzar
(Na 3:8, 10).
The oldest part of Egypt as to civilization and art. The Thebaid was anciently called "Egypt" [ARISTOTLE]. Therefore it is called the "land of the Egyptians' birth" (Margin, for "habitation").
base kingdom--Under Amasis it was made dependent on Babylon; humbled still more under Cambyses; and though somewhat raised under the Ptolemies, never has it regained its ancient pre-eminence.
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16. 埃及恢復後，其勢力將大受限制，不再如先前那樣成為以色列信心的對象；例如以色列依靠它而失信於尼布甲尼撒
（結十七13、15-16）。
當他們尋求他們的時候，這就使他們想起自己的罪孽——更恰當地譯為「當他們（以色列人）仰望（或轉向）他們的時候」〔HENDERSON〕。以色列仰望埃及而非仰望神，使他們的罪孽（對聖約的不忠）被神記念。
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16. Egypt, when restored, shall be so circumscribed in power that it shall be no longer an object of confidence to Israel, as formerly; for example, as when, relying on it, Israel broke faith with Nebuchadnezzar
(Eze 17:13, 15, 16).
which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance, when they shall look after them--rather, "while they (the Israelites) look to (or, turn after) them" [HENDERSON]. Israel's looking to Egypt, rather than to God, causes their iniquity (unfaithfulness to the covenant) to be remembered by God.
17
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17. 此處在關乎列國的預言中，唯獨偏離了年代順序，乃是為了使主題更具一致性。
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17. The departure from the chronological order occurs here only, among the prophecies as to foreign nations, in order to secure greater unity of subject.
18
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18. 各人的頭……禿了，……肩……磨破了——因搬運盛土石的籃子以築圍城工事。
沒有酬勞……為這服役——意即與其相稱的酬勞，與他在圍攻推羅上所耗費的時間與勞力相稱。這並不是說他在圍攻中真的失敗了（JEROME 明確地根據亞述史記述尼布甲尼撒取得了成功）；而是因為推羅的資源已被大量消耗，或用船運到了她的殖民地，所餘無多，不足以補償尼布甲尼撒十三年圍城之勞。
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18. every head . . . bald, . . . shoulder . . . peeled--with carrying baskets of earth and stones for the siege works.
no wages . . . for the service--that is, in proportion to it and the time and labor which he expended on the siege of Tyre. Not that he actually failed in the siege (JEROME expressly states, from Assyrian histories, that Nebuchadnezzar succeeded); but, so much of the Tyrian resources had been exhausted, or transported to her colonies in ships, that little was left to compensate Nebuchadnezzar for his thirteen year's siege.
19
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19. 眾人——並不如 FAIRBAIRN 所言為「財物」；而是他必從埃及擄去大批俘虜。推羅從巴比倫接受一位王（可能是她在當地的俘虜之一，名叫米爾巴），暗示了尼布甲尼撒的成功。
搶她的擄物……獵物——直譯為「搶她的擄物，獵她的獵物」，意即她怎樣搶奪別國，照樣她自己也要成為巴比倫的擄物。
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19. multitude--not as FAIRBAIRN, "store"; but, he shall take away a multitude of captives out of Egypt. The success of Nebuchadnezzar is implied in Tyre's receiving a king from Babylon, probably one of her captives there, Merbal.
take her spoil . . . prey--literally, "spoil her spoil, prey her prey," that is, as she spoiled other nations, so shall she herself be a spoil to Babylon.
20
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20. 因他們為我作工——迦勒底人成就了我在推羅身上的旨意（參
耶 25:9）。
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20. because they wrought for me--the Chaldeans, fulfilling My will as to Tyre (compare
Jer 25:9).
21
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21. 埃及只在災禍上與以色列平行，不在善事上。埃及的傾覆將成為以色列復興的訊號，因為神與以色列立了約。
我使……以色列的角發生——
（詩 132:17）。
我必使其古代的榮耀復甦：這是以色列在大衛的子孫彌賽亞之下得著完全榮耀的保證
（路 1:69）。
甚至在巴比倫，神也藉著但以理
（但 6:2）
與耶哥尼雅
（耶 52:31）
賜下了這事的保證。
我必給你……開……口——當你的預言應驗之後，你的話此後必更被人留意（參
結 24:27）。
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21. In the evil only, not in the good, was Egypt to be parallel to Israel. The very downfall of Egypt will be the signal for the rise of Israel, because of God's covenant with the latter.
I cause the horn of . . . Israel to bud--
(Ps 132:17).
I will cause its ancient glory to revive: an earnest of Israel's full glory under Messiah, the son of David
(Lu 1:69).
Even in Babylon an earnest was given of this in Daniel
(Da 6:2)
and Jeconiah
(Jer 52:31).
I will give thee . . . opening of . . . mouth--When thy predictions shall have come to pass, thy words henceforth shall be more heeded (compare
Eze 24:27).
Eze 29:1-21.
埃及藉尼布甲尼撒所受的審判；雖然四十年後將要復興，卻仍將處於低落的狀態。
這是以西結預言所針對的最後一個世界帝國，在他的預言中佔據最大的篇幅，即隨後四章。埃及雖然比推羅更遠，卻對以色列發揮了更強大的影響力。