Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · Hosea Chương 8

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Hosea Chương 8

1

Ho 8:1-14.

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ホセ8:1-14。

イスラエルの背教、偶像礼拝、および神の認可なしに王を立てたことに対する刑罰としての、アッシリア人の侵入の預言。

ホセ8:14

では、ユダが城壁のある町々を増やすと言われ、

ホセ8:7-9

では、イスラエルが大いなる損害をもってアッシリアに助けを求めて上ったと言われる。これはメナヘムの治世に最も適合する。その時、彼と同時代人であるユダのウジヤが城壁のある町々を建てたからである

(Ⅱ歴26:6、9、10)。

またその時イスラエルはアッシリアに転じ、その罪ある愚かさのために千タラントの銀を払わなければならなかった

(Ⅱ列15:19)

[マウラー(Maurer)]。

1. Set the trumpet、など——敵の接近を警告するためである。「To thy *palate(すなわち口)*に

(ヨブ31:30、

欄外)ラッパを」。この表現の唐突さは、攻撃の突然さを示す。

ホセ5:8

も同様である。

as . . . eagle——アッシリア人

(申28:49; エレ48:40; ハバ1:8)。

against . . . house of . . . Lord——神殿ではなく、神の家族として見られたイスラエル

(ホセ9:15; 民12:7; ゼカ9:8; ヘブル3:2; Ⅰテモ3:15; Ⅰペテ4:17)。

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Ho 8:1-14.

PROPHECY OF THE IRRUPTION OF THE ASSYRIANS, IN PUNISHMENT FOR ISRAEL'S APOSTASY, IDOLATRY, AND SETTING UP OF KINGS WITHOUT GOD'S SANCTION.

In

Ho 8:14,

Judah is said to multiply fenced cities; and in

Ho 8:7-9,

Israel, to its great hurt, is said to have gone up to Assyria for help. This answers best to the reign of Menahem. For it was then that Uzziah of Judah, his contemporary, built fenced cities

(2Ch 26:6, 9, 10).

Then also Israel turned to Assyria and had to pay for their sinful folly a thousand talents of silver

(2Ki 15:19)

[MAURER].

1. Set the trumpet, &c.--to give warning of the approach of the enemy: "To thy palate (that is, 'mouth,'

Job 31:30,

Margin) the trumpet"; the abruptness of expression indicates the suddenness of the attack. So

Ho 5:8.

as . . . eagle--the Assyrian

(De 28:49; Jer 48:40; Hab 1:8).

against . . . house of . . . Lord--not the temple, but Israel viewed as the family of God

(Ho 9:15; Nu 12:7; Zec 9:8; Heb 3:2; 1Ti 3:15; 1Pe 4:17).

2

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2. My God, we know thee——「My(私の)」という単数形は、各人がそれぞれ神をこのように呼ぶという意味で、分配的に用いられている。彼らは必要の時に、契約の民としての神を知ることを盾にするが、その行いにおいては神を認めていない(比較せよ

マタ7:21、22; テト1:16、 また

イザ29:13; エレ7:4)。

ヘブル語は「イスラエル」を、英訳のように「叫ぶ」ではなく、「われらは、イスラエルは、あなたを知っている」と結びつける。神は、イスラエルの血筋に基づくこの主張を否定される。

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2. My God, we know thee--the singular, "My," is used distributively, each one so addressing God. They, in their hour of need, plead their knowledge of God as the covenant-people, while in their acts they acknowledge Him not (compare

Mt 7:21, 22; Tit 1:16;

also

Isa 29:13; Jer 7:4).

The Hebrew joins "Israel," not as English Version, with "shall cry," but "We, Israel, know thee"; God denies the claim thus urged on the ground of their descent from Israel.

3

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3. Israel——神は彼らのこの名の使用に反対して、御名を繰り返される

(ホセ8:2)。

the thing that is good——ヒエロニムス(Jerome)は、善であり、善を行われる

(詩119:68)

「神」と訳す。神は第一に拒まれる対象であるが、神とともに、すべての善いものもまた拒まれる。

the enemy shall pursue him——神の義の報いによる。

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3. Israel--God repeats the name in opposition to their use of it

(Ho 8:2).

the thing that is good--JEROME translates, "God" who is good and doing good

(Ps 119:68).

He is the chief object rejected, but with Him also all that is good.

the enemy shall pursue him--in just retribution from God.

4

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4. kings . . . not by me——私の承認なしに

(Ⅰ列11:31;12:20)。

イスラエルはヤロブアムとその後継者たちを立てたが、神はダビデの家を全民族の正当な王として定めていた。

I knew it not——私はそれを認めなかった

(詩1:6)。

of . . . gold . . . idols——

(ホセ2:8;13:2)。

that they may be cut off——すなわち、偶像礼拝の結果について警告されたにもかかわらず、まるで目を開いて自らの滅びに突進するかのようである。同様に

エレ27:10、15;44:8。

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4. kings . . . not by me--not with My sanction

(1Ki 11:31; 12:20).

Israel set up Jeroboam and his successors, whereas God had appointed the house of David as the rightful kings of the whole nation.

I knew it not--I approved it not

(Ps 1:6).

of . . . gold . . . idols--

(Ho 2:8; 13:2).

that they may be cut off--that is, though warned of the consequences of idolatry, as it were with open eyes they rushed on their own destruction. So

Jer 27:10, 15; 44:8.

5

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5. hath cast thee off——あなたをという省略は珍しいので、マウラーは「あなたの子牛は忌むべきものである」と訳す。しかし

ホセ8:3

との対比は英訳を確証する。「イスラエルは良いものを捨てた」。それゆえ義の報いとして、「あなたの子牛はあなたを捨てた」、すなわち、あなたが捨てられる原因として神によって用いられる

(ホセ10:15)。

ヤロブアムはエジプト滞在中、メンフィスでアピスを、ヘリオポリスでムネヴィスを、雄牛の形で礼拝されるのを見た。これと神殿のケルビムとが、ダンとベテルに立てられた子牛の着想を与えた。

how long . . . ere they attain to innocency?——いつまで彼らは無垢を担うことができないのか[マウラー]。

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5. hath cast thee off--As the ellipsis of thee is unusual, MAURER translates, "thy calf is abominable." But the antithesis to

Ho 8:3

establishes English Version, "Israel hath cast off the thing that is good"; therefore, in just retribution, "thy calf hath cast thee off," that is, is made by God the cause of thy being cast off

(Ho 10:15).

Jeroboam, during his sojourn in Egypt, saw Apis worshipped at Memphis, and Mnevis at Heliopolis, in the form of an ox; this, and the temple cherubim, suggested the idea of the calves set up at Dan and Beth-el.

how long . . . ere they attain to innocency?--How long will they be incapable of bearing innocency? [MAURER].

6

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6. from Israel was it——すなわち、子牛は私からではなく、彼らから出た。彼らによって立てられた彼らの「王」と同様に、「私によらず」

(ホセ8:4)。「それも」とは。

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6. from Israel was it--that is, the calf originated with them, not from Me. "It also," as well as their "kings set up" by them, "but not by Me"

(Ho 8:4).

7

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7. sown . . . reap——

(箴22:8; ガラ6:7)。

「風を蒔く」。すなわち、信仰と従順が欠けているのに、礼拝の空虚な姿を示すこと[カルヴァン]。むしろ、豊かな収穫のために子牛たちに愚かな祈りを捧げること(比較せよ

ホセ2:8)。

結果は神が彼らに「穂を刈り取らせない」こと。すなわち「立ち穂」。また、この表現はことわざ的に、彼らのすべての企てが実りなくないことを意味する

(箴11:29; 伝5:16)。

the bud——あるいは「成長」。

strangers——外国人

(ホセ7:9)。

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7. sown . . . reap--

(Pr 22:8; Ga 6:7).

"Sow . . . wind," that is, to make the vain show of worship, while faith and obedience are wanting [CALVIN]. Rather, to offer senseless supplications to the calves for good harvests (compare

Ho 2:8);

the result being that God will make them "reap no stalk," that is, "standing corn." Also, the phraseology proverbially means that all their undertakings shall be profitless

(Pr 11:29; Ec 5:16).

the bud--or, "growth."

strangers--foreigners

(Ho 7:9).

8

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8. vessel wherein is no pleasure——

(詩41:12; エレ22:28;48:38)。

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8. vessel wherein is no pleasure--

(Ps 41:12; Jer 22:28; 48:38).

9

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9. gone . . . to Assyria——メナヘムがプルの助けを王座に就けるために求めたことに言及(比較せよ

ホセ5:13;7:11)。

メナヘムの名はニムルドの南西宮殿の碑文に、彼の第八年の貢ぎ手として読まれる。プル、すなわちパルルカの王朝はニネベでテグラテ・ピレセルの王朝に取って代わられた。紀元前768年(あるいは760年)頃[ジュー・ヴィ・スミス(G. V. Smith)]。セミラミスはプルの妻であり、紀元前768年にバビロンに退いたようである。彼女の子ナボナッサルは混乱の時期の後に継ぎ、「ナボナッサル時代」を紀元前747年に始めた。

通常、イスラエルの地に来る外国人は「上って」行くと言われた。ここでは逆であり、イスラエルの沈んだ状態とアッシリアの優位を示す。

wild ass——イスラエルの自分の傾きに従う向う見ずな頑迷さの姿

(エレ2:24)。

alone by himself——すべての時代のイスラエルの特徴。「見よ、民は独り住む」

(民23:9; 比較せよ

ヨブ39:5-8)。

hired lovers——普通のやり方を逆にする。すなわち、恋人たちが彼女を雇うべきであるのに

(エゼ16:33、34)。

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9. gone . . . to Assyria--referring to Menahem's application for Pul's aid in establishing him on the throne (compare

Ho 5:13; 7:11).

Menahem's name is read in the inscriptions in the southwest palace of Nimrod, as a tributary to the Assyrian king in his eighth year. The dynasty of Pul, or Phalluka, was supplanted at Nineveh by that of Tiglath-pileser, about 768 (or 760) B.C. Semiramis seems to have been Pul's wife, and to have withdrawn to Babylon in 768; and her son, Nabonassar, succeeding after a period of confusion, originated "the era of Nabonassar," 747 B.C. [G. V. SMITH]. Usually foreigners coming to Israel's land were said to "go up"; here it is the reverse, to intimate Israel's sunken state, and Assyria's superiority.

wild ass--a figure of Israel's headstrong perversity in following her own bent

(Jer 2:24).

alone by himself--characteristic of Israel in all ages: "lo, the people shall dwell alone"

(Nu 23:9;

compare

Job 39:5-8).

hired lovers--reversing the ordinary way, namely, that lovers should hire her

(Eze 16:33, 34).

10

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10. will I gather them——すなわち諸国民(アッシリア等)を、彼女が願ったように助ける代わりに、イスラエルに対して集める

(エゼ16:37)。

a little——むしろ「少しのうちに」[ヘンダーソン]。英訳も良い意味をなす。彼らは貢ぎの課徴において「少し」悲しむであろう。神はなお大いのさばき、すなわちアッシリアによる彼らの捕囚を保留された。

the burden of the king of princes——(メナヘムの下で)イスラエルに課せられた、アッシリアの王プル

(Ⅱ列15:19-22)

への貢ぎ。彼はその支配下に多くの「君たち」を持っていた

(イザ10:8)。

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10. will I gather them--namely, the nations (Assyria, &c.) against Israel, instead of their assisting her as she had wished

(Eze 16:37).

a little--rather, "in a little" [HENDERSON]. English Version gives good sense: They shall sorrow "a little" at the imposition of the tribute; God suspended yet the great judgment, namely, their deportation by Assyria.

the burden of the king of princes--the tribute imposed on Israel (under Menahem) by the Assyrian king Pul,

(2Ki 15:19-22),

who had many "princes" under his sway

(Isa 10:8).

11

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11. 神は義の報いとして彼らをその道に引き渡される。罪はそれ自身の刑罰となる

(箴1:31)。

many altars——神の律法に反して

(申12:5、6、13、14)。

to sin . . . to sin——「罪」であった(どんな宗教的意図を彼らが主張しようとも)彼らの祭壇は、そのように扱われ、彼らの刑罰の源となる

(Ⅰ列12:30;13:34)。

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11. God in righteous retribution gives them up to their own way; the sin becomes its own punishment

(Pr 1:31).

many altars--in opposition to God's law

(De 12:5, 6, 13, 14).

to sin . . . to sin--Their altars which were "sin" (whatever religious intentions they might plead) should be treated as such, and be the source of their punishment

(1Ki 12:30; 13:34).

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12. great things of . . . law——

(申4:6、8; 詩19:8;119:18、72;147:19、20)。

マウラーはあまり良くなく「私の律法の多くのこと」と訳す。

my law——彼らの工夫に反して。ホセアが五経のみに言及することは、より早い書かれた預言の一部が私たちに伝わっていないという理論に反する。

strange thing——彼らが関わりを持たないものであるかのように。

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12. great things of . . . law--

(De 4:6, 8; Ps 19:8; 119:18, 72; 147:19, 20).

MAURER not so well translates, "the many things of My law."

my law--as opposed to their inventions. This reference of Hosea to the Pentateuch alone is against the theory that some earlier written prophecies have not come down to us.

strange thing--as if a thing with which they had nothing to do.

13

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13. sacrifices of mine offerings——すなわち、彼らが私に捧げるもの。

eat it——彼ら自身の肉的満足が彼らの求める目的であり、私の誉れではない。

now——すなわち「まもなく」。

shall return to Egypt——

(ホセ9:3、6;11:11)。

申28:68

と同じ脅し。彼らはアッシリア人から逃れるためにそこに逃げた(ユダについて、

エレ42:1-44:30

を比較)。これら後者が彼らの国を覆した時。しかし見よ

ホセ9:3。

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13. sacrifices of mine offerings--that is, which they offer to Me.

eat it--Their own carnal gratification is the object which they seek, not My honor.

now--that is, "speedily."

shall return to Egypt--

(Ho 9:3, 6; 11:11).

The same threat as in

De 28:68.

They fled thither to escape from the Assyrians (compare as to Judah,

Jer 42:1-44:30),

when these latter had overthrown their nation. But see on

Ho 9:3.

14

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14. forgotten . . . Maker——

(申32:18)。

temples——偶像の。

Judah . . . fenced cities——ユダはイスラエルほど偶像礼拝的ではなかったが、城壁都市により多く頼ることで、ヤーウェに対する信仰の欠如を裏切った。神と和をなす代わりに、ユダは人の防衛を増し加えた

(イザ22:8; エレ5:17; ミカ5:10、11)。

I will send . . . fire upon . . . cities——センナケリブはエルサレムを除くユダのすべての城壁都市を焼いた

(Ⅱ列18:13)。

palaces thereof——すなわち、その地の。エルサレムについての比較せよ

エレ17:27。

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14. forgotten . . . Maker--

(De 32:18).

temples--to idols.

Judah . . . fenced cities--Judah, though less idolatrous than Israel, betrayed lack of faith in Jehovah by trusting more to its fenced cities than to Him; instead of making peace with God, Judah multiplied human defenses

(Isa 22:8; Jer 5:17; Mic 5:10, 11).

I will send . . . fire upon . . . cities--Sennacherib burned all Judah's fenced cities except Jerusalem

(2Ki 18:13).

palaces thereof--namely, of the land. Compare as to Jerusalem,

Jer 17:27.