Chú giải chương
Leviticus Chương 5
1
Le 5:1.
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Le 5:1.
TRESPASS OFFERINGS FOR CONCEALING KNOWLEDGE.
1. if a soul . . . hear the voice of swearing--or, according to some, "the words of adjuration." A proclamation was issued calling any one who could give information, to come before the court and bear testimony to the guilt of a criminal; and the manner in which witnesses were interrogated in the Jewish courts of justice was not by swearing them directly, but adjuring them by reading the words of an oath: "the voice of swearing." The offense, then, for the expiation of which this law provides, was that of a person who neglected or avoided the opportunity of lodging the information which it was in his power to communicate.
2
Le 5:2, 3.
Le 5:2, 3。
摸了不洁之物。
2. 若有人摸了什么不洁的物——一个人若在不知不觉中接触了任何不洁之物，之后要么忽略了所必需的洁净之礼，要么在礼仪上不洁的状态下参与宗教的事奉，事后可能会确信自己犯了罪。
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Le 5:2, 3.
TOUCHING ANY THING UNCLEAN.
2. if a soul touch any unclean thing--A person who, unknown to himself at the time, came in contact with any thing unclean, and either neglected the requisite ceremonies of purification or engaged in the services of religion while under the taint of ceremonial defilement, might be afterwards convinced that he had committed an offense.
4
Le 5:4-19.
Le 5:4-19。
冒失发誓。
4. 若有人发誓——即冒失的誓言，未充分考虑誓言的性质与后果，或许是草率地约束自己去做错事，或忽略了去履行行善的许愿。在这一切情形中，一个人可能在不知不觉间干犯了神的某条命令，事后才觉悟到自己的过失。
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Le 5:4-19.
FOR SWEARING.
4. if a soul swear--a rash oath, without duly considering the nature and consequences of the oath, perhaps inconsiderately binding himself to do anything wrong, or neglecting to perform a vow to do something good. In all such cases a person might have transgressed one of the divine commandments unwittingly, and have been afterwards brought to a sense of his delinquency.
5
Không có tiêu đề
5. 他有了罪的时候，就要承认所犯的罪——即出于自己良心的冲动，在那事为世人所知之前，主动承认自己的罪。若是先被发现，可能使他受到某种程度的刑罚，而自发的认罪可使之免；但他仍被视为犯了过犯罪，为赎此罪，礼仪律要求他遵行若干规定。
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5. it shall be, when he shall be guilty . . . that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing--make a voluntary acknowledgment of his sin from the impulse of his own conscience, and before it come to the knowledge of the world. A previous discovery might have subjected him to some degree of punishment from which his spontaneous confession released him, but still he was considered guilty of trespass, to expiate which he was obliged by the ceremonial law to go through certain observances.
6
Không có tiêu đề
6-14. 他要为所犯的罪，把赎愆祭牲，就是羊群中的一只母羊，牵到耶和华面前——赎愆祭与赎罪祭的区别如下：它是为那些或是在无知中行了恶，或对自己的罪状存疑，或自觉处于需要此类祭物的特殊境况中的人而设立的[BROWN]。在这些情形中所设立的赎愆祭是一只母绵羊或母山羊；若无力献这样的祭，可献一对斑鸠或两只雏鸽——一只作赎罪祭，另一只作燔祭；若连这也超乎他的能力，律法也以伊法十分之一的细面、不加油和乳香而满足。
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6-14. he shall bring his trespass offering unto the Lord for his sins which he hath sinned--A trespass offering differed from a sin offering in the following respects: that it was appointed for persons who had either done evil unwittingly, or were in doubt as to their own criminality; or felt themselves in such a special situation as required sacrifices of that kind [BROWN]. The trespass offering appointed in such cases was a female lamb or kid; if unable to make such an offering, he might bring a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons--the one to be offered for a sin offering, the other for a burnt offering; or if even that was beyond his ability, the law would be satisfied with the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour without oil or frankincense.
15
Không có tiêu đề
15, 16. 在耶和华的圣物上误犯了罪等——这是一种在无知中犯下的亵渎圣物之罪，要么是没有全数交纳十分之一、初熟果子及类似的供物，要么是吃了唯独归祭司的肉——他一经察觉自己无心的亏欠，便须在金钱赔偿（数额由祭司决定）之外，献一只公绵羊作赎愆祭。
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15, 16. sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the Lord, &c.--This is a case of sacrilege committed ignorantly, either in not paying the full due of tithes, first-fruits, and similar tribute in eating of meats, which belonged to the priests alone--or he was required, along with the restitution in money, the amount of which was to be determined by the priest, to offer a ram for a trespass offering, as soon as he came to the knowledge of his involuntary fraud.
17
Không có tiêu đề
17-19. 若有人犯罪……虽然他不知道，还是有了罪——这也关乎圣物，与前一条不同之处在于，这是可疑的情形之一——即良心虽然怀疑，但理智仍不确定是否犯了罪。犹太拉比举例如下：有人明知"内脏的脂油"不可吃，便虔诚地禁食；但若桌上恰好有一盘菜，他有理由怀疑其中混杂了那肉的一部分，而他在不经意之间吃了那不合法的食物，他就必须献一只公绵羊作赎愆祭 [Le 5:16]。这一切规定都是为了使良心铭记对神的责任感，并在百姓心中保持对暗中行恶之敬畏的有益之心。
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17-19. if a soul sin . . . though he wist it not, yet is he guilty--This also refers to holy things, and it differs from the preceding in being one of the doubtful cases,--that is, where conscience suspects, though the understanding be in doubt whether criminality or sin has been committed. The Jewish rabbis give, as an example, the case of a person who, knowing that "the fat of the inwards" is not to be eaten, religiously abstained from the use of it; but should a dish happen to have been at table in which he had reason to suspect some portion of that meat was intermingled, and he had, inadvertently, partaken of that unlawful viand, he was bound to bring a ram as a trespass offering
[Le 5:16].
These provisions were all designed to impress the conscience with the sense of responsibility to God and keep alive on the hearts of the people a salutary fear of doing any secret wrong.
Le 5:1。
隐瞒知情的赎愆祭。
1. 若有人……听见发誓的声音——或照某些人的看法，译作"叫人起誓的话语"。当时会发出公告，召请任何能提供信息的人到法庭面前，为罪犯的罪作证；而在犹太法庭中，盘问证人的方式并非直接叫他们起誓，而是宣读誓词来嘱咐他们：即"发誓的声音"。因此，这条律法所要赎的罪，就是指一个人忽视或回避了提供他所知信息的机会，没有将本有能力呈报的事告知当局。