Chú giải chương
Numbers Chương 4
1
Nu 4:1-49.
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Nu 4:1-49.
OF THE LEVITES' SERVICE.
2
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2, 3. コハテの子たち、三十歳以上の者――この年齢は、荒野で彼らに割り当てられた労力を要する義務を行うための身体の精力の完全な成熟、および聖なる奉仕の管理を助けるための精神的活动の成熟として、具体的に定められた (see on
Nu 8:24)。
そしてそれはバプテスマのヨハネとキリストがそれぞれの奉仕に入った年齢であった。
五十歳まで――現役の義務のために定められた期間は二十年であり、その終わりに彼らは職務の肉体的労働から免除されたが、幕屋に出仕することは依然として期待されていた
(Nu 8:26)。
軍勢に入るすべての者――その数、その階級を通じて維持される秩序と規律、および幕屋の守衛としての特別の義務からそう呼ばれた。しかしヘブル語の語はまた、地位や職務をも意味する。それゆえこの箇所は「祭司職に入るすべての者」と訳すこともできる
(Nu 4:23)。
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2, 3. sons of Kohath, from thirty years old and upward--This age was specifically fixed (see on
Nu 8:24)
as the full maturity of bodily energy to perform the laborious duties assigned them in the wilderness, as well as of mental activity to assist in the management of the sacred services. And it was the period of life at which John the Baptist and Christ entered on their respective ministries.
even unto fifty--The term prescribed for active duty was a period of twenty years, at the end of which they were exempted from the physical labors of the office, though still expected to attend in the tabernacle
(Nu 8:26).
all that enter into the host--so called from their number, the order and discipline maintained through their ranks, and their special duty as guards of the tabernacle. The Hebrew word, however, signifies also a station or office; and hence the passage may be rendered, "All that enter into the sacerdotal office"
(Nu 4:23).
4
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4-15. これがコハテの子たちの奉仕である、など――彼らはアロンとの密接な関係から最初に言及され、イスラエルの旅の間に彼らに割り当てられた特別の義務部門は、彼らが幕屋の貴重な中身について受けていた管理に応じたものであった。しかし、これらはあらかじめ一般の祭司たち――大祭司と同様に、そのような必要な場合に聖所に入ることを許されていた――によって覆われなければならなかった。これは大祭司以外の者の立ち入りを禁じた一般規則の例外であった。しかし雲が幕屋から移ったとき、聖所には一般の祭司が入ることができた。聖なる器具を包むことは彼らにのみ予約された特権であったからである。そして聖なる物がこのように輸送の準備ができて初めて、コハテ人は近づくことを許された。
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4-15. This shall be the service of the sons of Kohath, &c.--They are mentioned first, from their close connection with Aaron; and the special department of duty assigned to them during the journeyings of Israel accorded with the charge they had received of the precious contents of the tabernacle. But these were to be previously covered by the common priests, who, as well as the high priest, were admitted on such necessary occasions into the holy place. This was an exception to the general rule, which prohibited the entrance of any but the high priest. But when the cloud removed from the tabernacle, the sanctuary might be entered by the common priests, as to them was reserved the exclusive privilege of packing the sacred utensils; and it was not till the holy things were thus ready for carriage, that the Kohathites were allowed to approach.
5
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5. 覆いの垂れ幕――聖所と至聖所を隔てる内側の垂れ幕。 (See on
Ex 36:35)。
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5. covering veil--the inner veil, which separated the holy from the most holy place. (See on
Ex 36:35).
6
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6. 野獣の皮の覆い—（出エジプト記25:5参照）。しかし、ここで言及されている覆いは幕屋のものではなく、契約の箱を守るために特別に作られたものである。
棒を差し込む—これらの金の棒は今や取り外された。（出エジプト記25:15参照、および列王記第一8:8との比較）。
「差し込む」と訳されたヘブル語の言葉は、「配置する」という意味も持ち、ここではおそらく、運搬者の触手が触れるのを防ぎ、天候の影響からも守るために、棒を受け入れるよう設けられた覆いの開口部に棒を差し込むことを指している。覆いがキャンバスや粗末な防水布ではなく、美しさと品位を兼ね備えた種類のものであったことは注目に値する。
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6. covering of badgers' skins--(See on
Ex 25:5).
The covering, however, referred to was not that of the tabernacle, but one made for the special purpose of protecting the ark.
put in the staves--These golden staves were now taken out. (See on
Ex 25:15,
compared with
1Ki 8:8).
The Hebrew word rendered "put in," signifies also "dispose," and probably refers here to their insertion through the openings in the coverings made for receiving them, to preserve them from the touch of the carriers as well as from the influence of the weather. It is worthy of notice that the coverings did not consist of canvas or coarse tarpaulin, but of a kind which united beauty with decency.
7
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7. 絶えず供えるパン—民が荒野でマナを食べていた時にも、聖なるパンは常に穀物から作られていた。その穀物はおそらく砂漠の緑の土地で小規模に栽培されていたものであろう。
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7. continual showbread--Though the people were in the wilderness fed upon manna, the sacred loaves were constantly made of corn, which was probably raised in small quantities from the verdant patches of the desert.
10
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10. 担ぎ床—二本の棒を二つの横木で固定し、駕籠のように二人の男で担ぐ形のもの。
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10. a bar--or bier, formed of two poles fastened by two cross pieces and borne by two men, after the fashion of a sedan chair.
12
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12. 奉仕の道具—祭司の公式の衣服
（出エジプト記31:10）。
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12. instruments of ministry--the official dress of the priests
(Ex 31:10).
13
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13. 祭壇の灰を取り除かなければならない、など—祭壇から灰を取り除く必要性は、荒野においても犠牲がささげられたことを明らかに示唆している
（出エジプト記18:12；24:4と比較）、
ただし、その反逆的な種族はしばしばその義務を怠ったようである
（アモス5:25）。
聖なる火については言及されていないが、神の命令により常に燃やし続けなければならなかったので、覆いの下の何らかの平鍋や火鉢に移され、任命された運搬者によって担われたに違いない。
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13. shall take away the ashes from the altar, &c.--The necessity of removing ashes from the altar plainly implies that sacrifices were offered in the wilderness (compare
Ex 18:12; 24:4),
though that rebellious race seems frequently to have neglected the duty
(Am 5:25).
No mention is made of the sacred fire; but as, by divine command, it was to be kept constantly burning, it must have been transferred to some pan or brazier under the covering, and borne by the appointed carriers.
15
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15. コハテの子らが来てそれを担わなければならない。しかし、彼らは死なないために聖なる物に触れてはならない—輸送の方法はレビ人の肩の上であった （民数記7:9参照）、 ただし後に車輪付きの乗り物が用いられた
（サムエル第二6:3；歴代第一15:12）。 覆いに触れることは許されたが、覆われた物に触れることは、死の罰の下で禁じられた。この死は二度以上にわたって下された
（サムエル第一6:19；サムエル第二6:6-7）。 この厳しい宣告は、聖なる物事に公式に携わる者の心に深く習慣的な敬畏の感情を吹き込むことを意図したものであった。
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15. the sons of Kohath shall come to bear it, but they shall not touch any holy thing, lest they die--The mode of transport was upon the shoulders of the Levites (see on
Nu 7:9),
although afterwards wheeled vehicles were employed
(2Sa 6:3; 1Ch 15:12).
And it was allowed to touch the covering, but not the things covered, on the penalty of death, which was inflicted more than once
(1Sa 6:19; 2Sa 6:6, 7).
This stern denunciation was designed to inspire a sentiment of deep and habitual reverence in the minds of those who were officially engaged about holy things.
16
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16. エルアザルの務めには…灯火のための油、香ばしい香、などが属する—彼は聖なる家具の運搬に従事する部隊の監督という特別な務めを託された。それに加えて、日常の奉仕に必要な材料が彼の個人的な配慮に委ねられ、彼が容易に手元に置ける必要があった
（出エジプト記29:38）。
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16. to the office of Eleazar . . . pertaineth the oil for the light, and the sweet incense, &c.--He was charged with the special duty of superintending the squadron who were employed in the carrying of the sacred furniture; besides, to his personal care were committed the materials requisite for the daily service, and which it was necessary he should have easily at his command
(Ex 29:38).
17
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17-20. コハテ人の家族の部族をレビ人の中から絶ってはならない、など—モーセとアロンに対する厳粛な勧告で、彼らの側のいかなる怠慢によっても、混乱や不適切なことが入り込まないように警戒し、この重要な奉仕のすべての部分が適切な者に割り当てられるよう最大限の注意を払い、コハテ人がその高く栄誉ある務めから失格しないようにせよ、というものである。もし適切な指示を与えず、あるいは聖なる物事に対するいかなる不敬虔な親密さを許すなら、彼らの死の罪は監督する祭司に及ぶ。
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17-20. Cut ye not off the tribe of the families of the Kohathites from among the Levites, &c.--a solemn admonition to Moses and Aaron to beware, lest, by any negligence on their part, disorder and improprieties should creep in, and to take the greatest care that all the parts of this important service be apportioned to the proper parties, lest the Kohathites should be disqualified for their high and honorable duties. The guilt of their death would be incurred by the superintending priest, if he failed to give proper directions or allowed any irreverent familiarity with sacred things.
24
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24-28. これはゲルション人の氏族の奉仕である等――彼らは「幕屋の天幕幕」を運ぶように任命された――すなわち、やぎの毛で作られた天幕の覆い、十枚の精巧な幕、入り口の刺繍された垂れ幕、その赤いモロッコ革の覆いなどを運んだ。
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24-28. This is the service of the families of the Gershonites, &c.--They were appointed to carry "the curtains of the tabernacle"--that is, the goats' hair covering of the tent--the ten curious curtains and embroidered hangings at the entrance, with their red morocco covering, &c.
28
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28. 彼らの務めはアロンの子イタマルの手の下になければならない等――レビ人は一般に、幕屋の通常のわざを行うにおいて、祭司たちの公的な命令に服していた。しかし旅路のあいだは、父の次に後を継ぐ地位にあったエレアザルがコハテ族の特別の監督を担い
[Nu 4:16]、
その兄弟イタマルはゲルション族とメラリ族の監督権を持っていた
[Nu 4:33]。
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28. their charge shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron, &c.--The Levites were generally subject to the official command of the priests in doing the ordinary work of the tabernacle. But during the journeyings Eleazar, who was next in succession to his father, took the special charge of the Kohathites
[Nu 4:16],
while his brother Ithamar had the superintendence of the Gershonites and Merarites
[Nu 4:33].
29
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29-33. メラリの子らについては――彼らはより粗く重い付属品を運んだ。しかしそれらは非常に重要かつ必要であったので、その目録が保たれていた。数と多様さのためだけでなく、比較的のありふれと小ささのゆえに、不注意、ふとした見落とし、あるいは怠慢によって失われたり見失われたりするおそれがあったからである。これは有用な教訓であって、神はご自身の奉仕に関するものを何一つおろそかにされず、最も小さく些細な事柄においてさえ、忠実な従順の務めを要求されることを示している。
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29-33. As for the sons of Merari--They carried the coarser and heavier appurtenances, which, however, were so important and necessary, that an inventory was kept of them--not only on account of their number and variety, but of their comparative commonness and smallness, which might have led to their being lost or missing through carelessness, inadvertency, or neglect. It was a useful lesson, showing that God disregards nothing pertaining to His service, and that even in the least and most trivial matters, He requires the duty of faithful obedience.
34
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34-49. モーセとアロンおよび会衆の長たちはコハテの子らを数えた等――この数え上げは前の章
[Nu 3:15]
に記されたものとは異なる原則に基づいて行われた。それは一か月以上の男子に限られたが、これはレビ部族の三つの階級の奉仕に能力あるすべての者に及んだ。彼らの相対的な数を考慮する時、神の摂理の知恵が次のように現れている。すなわち、荷物が少なく容易であったコハテ族とゲルション族においては、奉仕に適した者が約三分の一であったのに対し、荷物が多く重かったメラリ族においては、半数以上がこのわざに適していた [POOLE]。この部族の小さな人口が、他の部族のものに劣っていることについては（
Nu 3:39
参照）説明が試みられている。
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34-49. Moses and Aaron and the chief of the congregation numbered the sons of the Kohathites, &c.--This enumeration was made on a different principle from that which is recorded in the preceding chapter
[Nu 3:15].
That was confined to the males from a month old and upward, while this was extended to all capable of service in the three classes of the Levitical tribe. In considering their relative numbers, the wisdom of Divine Providence appears in arranging that, whereas in the Kohathites and Gershonites, whose burdens were few and easier, there were but about a third part of them which were fit for service; the Merarites, whose burdens were more and heavier, had above one half of them fit for this work [POOLE]. The small population of this tribe, so inferior to that of the other tribes, is attempted to be explained (see on
Nu 3:39).
Nu 4:1-49.
レビ人の奉仕について