Chú giải chương
Ezekiel Chương 41
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简体中文
bản gốc tiếng anh
An account was given of the porch of the house in the close of the foregoing chapter; this brings us to the temple itself, the description of which here given creates much difficulty to the critical expositors and occasions differences among them. Those must consult them who are nice in their enquiries into the meaning of the particulars of this delineation; it shall suffice us to observe, I. The dimensions of the house, the posts of it (Eze 41:1), the door (Eze 41:2), the wall and the side-chambers (Eze 41:5,6), the foundations and wall of the chambers, their doors (Eze 41:8-11), and the house itself, Eze 41:13. II. The dimensions of the oracle, or most holy place, Eze 41:3,4. III. An account of another building over against the separate place, Eze 41:12-15. IV. The manner of the building of the house, Eze 41:7,16,17. V. The ornaments of the house, Eze 41:18-20. VI. The altar of incense and the table, Eze 41:22. VII. The doors between the temple and the oracle, Eze 41:23-26. There is so much difference both in the terms and in the rules of architecture between one age and another, one place and another, that it ought not to be any stumbling-block to us that there is so much in these descriptions dark and hard to be understood, about the meaning of which the learned are not agreed. To one not skilled in mathematics the mathematical description of a modern structure would be scarcely intelligible; and yet to a common carpenter or mason among the Jews at that time we may suppose that all this, in the literal sense of it, was easy enough.
1-11
The Vision of the Temple (574 BC)
简体中文
圣殿的异象（公元前574年）
¹ 他带我到殿里，量墙柱，这面厚六肘，那面厚六肘，宽窄与会幕相同。
² 门口宽十肘；门两旁这边五肘，那边五肘。他量殿长四十肘，宽二十肘。
³ 他进到内门，量门的墙柱，各厚二肘；门口宽六肘，门两旁各宽七肘。
⁴ 他量内殿，长二十肘，宽二十肘。他对我说：「这是至圣所。」
⁵ 他又量神的殿墙，厚六肘；围着殿的旁屋，每间宽四肘。
⁶ 旁屋有三层，层叠而上，每层三十间。旁屋的梁木搁在殿墙以内周围突出来的地方，好有支持的力量，但殿墙本身并不嵌入。
⁷ 这围殿的旁屋，越上越宽；因旁屋围着殿向上层如螺旋般绕旋，所以越上越宽，从下层到中层，从中层到上层，逐层加宽。
⁸ 我又见围着殿有高台。旁屋的根基，墙厚整整一大竿，六大肘。
⁹ 旁屋外墙厚五肘；其中所留空地，是属内旁屋之处。
¹⁰ 旁屋之间，周围有二十肘的宽处，围着殿的两旁。
¹¹ 旁屋的门向空地，一门向北，一门向南；周围空地宽五肘。
我们仍在追随一位受天使引导的先知，所以当存敬畏跟随，虽然我们常常既不知道这是什么，也不知道这于我们有何意义。在此请注意：1. 先知观察完院宇之后，终于「被带到殿里」（结41:1）。我们若殷勤听从在信仰较浅明部分所受的教训并从中获益，就必更深入地认识天国奥秘的真理。凡甘心住在神院宇中的，终必被领进祂的殿。以西结本人是祭司，但因时代的罪恶与灾祸，他在殿中事奉的特权被剥夺；但神借这异象补偿了他的损失，把他带进这先知性、福音性、属天的殿，并使用他向教会传递这殿的描述，使他在自己的班次中得着超乎众人的尊荣。2. 我们的主耶稣论到「拆毁这殿」之时，听者以为是耶路撒冷第二圣殿，祂却是「以祂的身体为殿」（约2:19、21）；祂之所以说得如此含蓄，是有充分理由的，因为以西结的异象同时兼顾两者，又包括祂奥秘的身体——教会，教会被称为「神的殿」（提前3:15），以及这身体的一切肢体，都是「活的殿」，有圣灵住在其中。3. 这殿的门柱——门框——彼此之间的距离，因而门洞的宽度，正等于摩西「会幕」的全宽（结41:1），即十二肘（出26:16、22、25）。与律法之下的情形相比，我们可以说：「引到教会的门是宽的」，因为那使我们门洞如此狭窄的礼仪律——那隔断的墙——已经被拆毁。4. 至圣所是正方形，每边二十肘（结41:4）。因为新耶路撒冷也是正方形（启21:16），表明其稳固；因为我们所寻求的，是那不能震动的城。5. 上层比下层宽（结41:7）。殿墙底层厚六肘，中层五肘，顶层四肘，这就使越往上旁屋越宽；但人小心使梁木得以「稳固支持」（神虽建造得高，却建造得牢），却又不因加固一处而削弱另一处；它们有所支持，却「不嵌入殿墙之内」。借着这样逐渐展开，「最高处的旁屋」（顶层全层）宽六肘，而最底层只有四肘；每上一层便宽一肘。我们在至圣的信仰上建造得越高，我们那些活的殿——我们的心——就当越发宽广。
bản gốc tiếng anh
The Vision of the Temple (574 BC)
¹ Afterward he brought me to the temple, and measured the posts, six cubits broad on the one side, and six cubits broad on the other side, which was the breadth of the tabernacle.
² And the breadth of the door was ten cubits; and the sides of the door were five cubits on the one side, and five cubits on the other side: and he measured the length thereof, forty cubits: and the breadth, twenty cubits.
³ Then went he inward, and measured the post of the door, two cubits; and the door, six cubits; and the breadth of the door, seven cubits.
⁴ So he measured the length thereof, twenty cubits; and the breadth, twenty cubits, before the temple: and he said unto me, This is the most holy place.
⁵ After he measured the wall of the house, six cubits; and the breadth of every side chamber, four cubits, round about the house on every side.
⁶ And the side chambers were three, one over another, and thirty in order; and they entered into the wall which was of the house for the side chambers round about, that they might have hold, but they had not hold in the wall of the house.
⁷ And there was an enlarging, and a winding about still upward to the side chambers: for the winding about of the house went still upward round about the house: therefore the breadth of the house was still upward, and so increased from the lowest chamber to the highest by the midst.
⁸ I saw also the height of the house round about: the foundations of the side chambers were a full reed of six great cubits.
⁹ The thickness of the wall, which was for the side chamber without, was five cubits: and that which was left was the place of the side chambers that were within.
¹⁰ And between the chambers was the wideness of twenty cubits round about the house on every side.
¹¹ And the doors of the side chambers were toward the place that was left, one door toward the north, and another door toward the south: and the breadth of the place that was left was five cubits round about.
We are still attending a prophet that is under the guidance of an angel, and therefore attend with reverence, though we are often at a loss to know both what this is and what it is to us. Observe here, 1. After the prophet had observed the courts he was at length brought to the temple, Eze 41:1. If we diligently attend to the instructions given us in the plainer parts of religion, and profit by them, we shall be led further into an acquaintance with the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven. Those that are willing to dwell in God's courts shall at length be brought into his temple. Ezekiel was himself a priest, but by the iniquity and calamity of the times was cut short of his birthright privilege of ministering in the temple; but God makes up the loss to him by introducing him into this prophetical, evangelical, celestial temple, and employing him to transmit a description of it to the church, in which he was dignified above all the rest of his order. 2. When our Lord Jesus spoke of the destroying of this temple, which his hearers understood of this second temple of Jerusalem, he spoke of the temple of his body (Joh 2:19,21); and with good reason might he speak so ambiguously when Ezekiel's vision had a joint respect to them both together, including also his mystical body the church, which is called the house of God (1Ti 3:15), and all the members of that body, which are living temples, in which the Spirit dwells. 3. The very posts of this temple, the door-posts, were as far one from the other, and consequently the door was as wide, as the whole breadth of the tabernacle of Moses (Eze 41:1), namely, twelve cubits, Ex 26:16,22,25. In comparison with what had been under the law we may say, Wide is the gate which leads into the church, the ceremonial law, that wall of partition which had so much straitened the gate, being taken down. 4. The most holy place was an exact square, twenty cubits each way, Eze 41:4. For the new Jerusalem is exactly square (Re 21:16), denoting its stability; for we look for a city that cannot be moved. 5. The upper stories were larger than the lower, Eze 41:7. The walls of the temple were six cubits thick at the bottom, five in the middle story, and four in the highest, which gave room to enlarge the chambers the higher they went; but care was taken that the timber might have fast hold (though God builds high, he builds firmly), yet so as not to weaken one part for the strengthening of another; they had hold, but not in the wall of the house. By this spreading gradually, the side-chambers that were on the height of the house (in the uppermost story of all) were six cubits, whereas the lowest were but four; they gained a cubit every story. The higher we build up ourselves in our most holy faith the more should our hearts, those living temples, be enlarged.
12-26
The Vision of the Temple (574 BC)
简体中文
圣殿的异象（公元前574年）
¹² 在西面尽头，那空地前面的建筑，宽七十肘；建筑的墙厚五肘，周围长九十肘。
¹³ 这样，他量了殿，长一百肘；空地和建筑，连同其墙，长一百肘；
¹⁴ 殿前面和东面空地的宽，也是一百肘。
¹⁵ 他量了建筑后面那空地对面的长度，以及它两旁的楼廊，共一百肘，连同内殿和院的廊子；
¹⁶ 门槛、窄窗、三层楼廊，在门对面，周围都镶以木板，从地面直到窗户，窗户都有遮蔽；
¹⁷ 直到门以上，连到内殿，内外都在周围一切墙上，按尺寸量度。
¹⁸ 其上雕刻了基路伯和棕树，每棵棕树之间有基路伯；每个基路伯有两个脸面；
¹⁹ 一边的人脸向着棕树，另一边的少壮狮子脸向着棕树；全殿周围都是如此。
²⁰ 从地面直到门以上，都刻有基路伯和棕树，在殿的墙上。
²¹ 殿的柱子是方的，圣所前面也是如此；这一个的样式和那一个的样式相同。
²² 木坛高二肘，长二肘；其角、其长、其墙都是木的；他对我说：「这是耶和华面前的桌子。」
²³ 殿和圣所都有两扇门。
²⁴ 每扇门各有两扇叶，就是两扇折叠的门；一扇门有两扇叶，另一扇门也有两扇叶。
²⁵ 殿的门上刻有基路伯和棕树，正如墙上所刻的；廊子外面有厚木板。
²⁶ 廊子的两边有窄窗和棕树，在廊子的侧面，并在房屋的旁屋上，并有厚木板。
此处有：1. 论到一座在「空地」（即圣殿）前面、「在西面尽头」的建筑（结41:12），此处量了它的尺寸，并与殿的尺寸相比（结41:13），显出与殿同等大小。它独立在一个院子里，这院子被量了（结41:15），还有属它的楼廊或旁屋，其门柱和窗户，并它们的装饰（结41:15-17）。但这另一座建筑要作何用途，并未告诉我们；或许在这异象中，它象征在外邦人中建立一间教会，不亚于犹太圣殿，却是性质全然不同，并即将取而代之。2. 论到圣殿和那另一座建筑的装饰。内部的墙自上而下都以「基路伯和棕树」为饰，交替排列，正如所罗门圣殿一样（王上6:29）。每个基路伯在此被称为有两个「脸面」，一边的「人脸」向着棕树，另一边的「少壮狮子脸」向着棕树（结41:19）。这些似乎代表天使，他们既有人之智慧、又有狮子之勇气，且更胜一筹；在这两方面他们都注视着那摆在面前的胜利与凯旋的棕枝，并在他们与黑暗权势的一切争战中必稳操胜券。而在圣徒的聚会中，天使是特别在场的（林前11:10）。3. 论到圣殿和圣所门柱的描述；它们是「方的」（结41:21），不像柱子那样圆；「这一个的样式和那一个的样式相同」。在会幕和所罗门的殿中，圣所（即至圣所）的门比殿的门窄，但此处却一样宽；因为在福音时代，「进入至圣所的路」比旧约之下更显「明」（来9:8），所以门也更宽。这些门在结41:23,24有所描述。殿和圣所各有其门，都是「两扇叶」的折叠门。4. 我们在此看到香坛的描述，此处被称为「木坛」（结41:22）。没有提到它「包金」；但无疑本意如此，否则它承受不住烧香所用的火，除非我们设想它只是用来放香炉的。又或者它暗示在福音的殿中所献的香当完全是属灵的，火也是属灵的，不会烧毁木坛。因此这坛被称为桌子。「这是耶和华面前的桌子。」此处如前所述，我们发现坛变成了桌子；因为大祭物既已献上，我们所要做的就是要在主的桌子上赴祭物的筵席。5. 此处门和窗都以棕树为饰，使其与房屋的墙相称（结41:25,26）。如此活的殿也是这样装饰，不是用金、银或贵重的衣裳，而是用「里面隐藏的人，……那不能朽坏的」。
bản gốc tiếng anh
The Vision of the Temple (574 BC)
¹² Now the building that was before the separate place at the end toward the west was seventy cubits broad; and the wall of the building was five cubits thick round about, and the length thereof ninety cubits.
¹³ So he measured the house, a hundred cubits long; and the separate place, and the building, with the walls thereof, an hundred cubits long;
¹⁴ Also the breadth of the face of the house, and of the separate place toward the east, a hundred cubits.
¹⁵ And he measured the length of the building over against the separate place which was behind it, and the galleries thereof on the one side and on the other side, a hundred cubits, with the inner temple, and the porches of the court;
¹⁶ The door posts, and the narrow windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the door, cieled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows, and the windows were covered;
¹⁷ To that above the door, even unto the inner house, and without, and by all the wall round about within and without, by measure.
¹⁸ And it was made with cherubims and palm trees, so that a palm tree was between a cherub and a cherub; and every cherub had two faces;
¹⁹ So that the face of a man was toward the palm tree on the one side, and the face of a young lion toward the palm tree on the other side: it was made through all the house round about.
²⁰ From the ground unto above the door were cherubims and palm trees made, and on the wall of the temple.
²¹ The posts of the temple were squared, and the face of the sanctuary; the appearance of the one as the appearance of the other.
²² The altar of wood was three cubits high, and the length thereof two cubits; and the corners thereof, and the length thereof, and the walls thereof, were of wood: and he said unto me, This is the table that is before the LORD.
²³ And the temple and the sanctuary had two doors.
²⁴ And the doors had two leaves apiece, two turning leaves; two leaves for the one door, and two leaves for the other door.
²⁵ And there were made on them, on the doors of the temple, cherubims and palm trees, like as were made upon the walls; and there were thick planks upon the face of the porch without.
²⁶ And there were narrow windows and palm trees on the one side and on the other side, on the sides of the porch, and upon the side chambers of the house, and thick planks.
Here is, 1. An account of a building that was before the separate place (that is, before the temple), at the end towards the west (Eze 41:12), which is here measured, and compared (Eze 41:13) with the measure of the house, and appears to be of equal dimensions with it. This stood in a court by itself, which is measured (Eze 41:15) and its galleries, or chambers belonging to it, its posts and windows, and the ornaments of them, Eze 41:15-17. But what use was to be made of this other building we are not told; perhaps, in this vision, it signified the setting up of a church among the Gentiles not inferior to the Jewish temple, but of quite another nature, and which should soon supersede it. 2. A description of the ornaments of the temple, and the other building. The walls on the inside from top to bottom were adorned with cherubim and palm-trees, placed alternately, as in Solomon's temple, 1Ki 6:29. Each cherub is here said to have two faces, the face of a man towards the palm tree on one side and the face of a young lion towards the palm-tree on the other side, Eze 41:19. These seem to represent the angels, who have more than the wisdom of a man and the courage of a lion; and in both they have an eye to the palms of victory and triumph which are set before them, and which they are sure of in all their conflicts with the powers of darkness. And in the assemblies of the saints angels are in a special manner present, 1Co 11:10. 3. A description of the posts of the doors both of the temple and of the sanctuary; they were squared (Eze 41:21), not round like pillars; and the appearance of the one was as the appearance of the other. In the tabernacle, and in Solomon's temple, the door of the sanctuary, or most holy, was narrower than that of the temple, but here it was fully as broad; for in gospel-times the way into the holiest of all is made more manifest than it was under the Old Testament (Heb 9:8) and therefore the door is wider. These doors are described, Eze 41:23,24. The temple and the sanctuary had each of them its door, and they were two-leaved, folding doors. 4. We have here the description of the altar of incense, here said to be an altar of wood, Eze 41:22. No mention is made of its being over-laid with gold; but surely it was intended to be so, else it would not bear the fire with which the incense was to be burned, unless we will suppose that it served only to put the censers upon. Or else it intimates that the incense to be offered in the gospel-temple shall be purely spiritual, and the fire spiritual, which will not consume an altar of wood. Therefore this altar is called a table. This is the table that is before the Lord. Here, as before, we find the altar turned into a table; for, the great sacrifice being now offered, that which we have to do is to feast upon the sacrifice at the Lord's table. 5. Here is the adorning of the doors and windows with palm-trees, that they might be of a piece with the walls of the house, Eze 41:25,26. Thus the living temples are adorned, not with gold, or silver, or costly array, but with the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible.
上一章末了已经记述了殿的门廊；本章把我们带到圣殿本身。此处所给的描述，令仔细解经的学者们大感困惑，并因此引起他们之间的分歧。那些想要细致考究这一描绘中各项细节含义的人，可参阅他们的著作；对我们而言，只需注意以下各点即可：一、殿宇的尺寸，包括柱子（结41:1）、门（结41:2）、墙壁和旁屋（结41:5,6）、旁屋的根基和墙壁及其门（结41:8-11），以及殿宇本身（结41:13）。二、内殿，即至圣所的尺寸（结41:3,4）。三、对面那座与圣殿隔开之建筑的记述（结41:12-15）。四、殿宇的建筑方式（结41:7,16,17）。五、殿宇的装饰（结41:18-20）。六、香坛和陈设饼的桌子（结41:22）。七、圣殿与内殿之间的门（结41:23-26）。不同时代、不同地方的建筑术语和建筑规则差异如此之大，以致这些描述中有许多隐晦难明、学者们意见不一之处，对我们而言不应成为任何绊脚石。对一个不懂数学的人而言，即或是一幅现代建筑的数学性描述也几乎无法看懂；然而我们尽可设想，对于当时犹太人中的普通木匠或石匠来说，这一切在字面意义上是足够明白易懂的。