2
Exodus 8:2
英文原文
With frogs - Some months appear to have elapsed between this and the former plague, if the frogs made their appearance at the usual time, that is in September. The special species mentioned here is of Egyptian origin. This plague was, like the preceding, in general accordance with natural phenomena, but marvelous both for its extent and intensity, and for its direct connection with the words and acts of God's messengers. It had also apparently, like the other plagues, a direct bearing upon Egyptian superstitions. There was a female deity with a frog's head, and the frog was connected with the most ancient forms of nature-worship in Egypt.
3
Exodus 8:3
「进你的房屋」——这似乎是这一灾所特有的。这一灾尤其会被那极其讲究洁净的埃及人深刻感受到。
「抟面盆」——不是旁注所说的"面团"。见 Exodus 12:34。
英文原文
Into thine house - This appears to have been special to the plague, as such. It was especially the visitation which would be felt by the scrupulously-clean Egyptians.
Kneadingtroughs - Not dough, as in the margin. See Exodus 12:34.
7
Exodus 8:7
术士们似乎能加重这灾，却不能消除它；因此法老才转向摩西求助——这是他屈服的最初迹象。
英文原文
The magicians would seem to have been able to increase the plague, but not to remove it; hence, Pharaoh's application to Moses, the first symptoms of yielding.
9
Exodus 8:9
「在我以上有尊荣（任凭你）」——见旁注："在我以上有尊荣"，即在我为你和你臣仆祈求神之时，由你来指示我，让你有尊荣或优势。
「什么时候」——或作"到什么时候"；即确切是在什么时候。法老在 Exodus 5:10 的回答"明天"正是指着这个。时间的短促当然会成为这事之超然性质的一个考验。
英文原文
Glory over me - See the margin, "have honor over me," i. e. have the honor, or advantage over me, directing me when I shall entreat God for thee and thy servants.
When - Or by when; i. e. for what exact time. Pharaoh's answer in Exodus 5:10 refers to this, by tomorrow. The shortness of the time would, of course, be a test of the supernatural character of the transaction.
13
Exodus 8:13
「村庄」——按字面意思是"围圈之地"或"院宇"。
英文原文
Villages - Literally, enclosures, or courtyards.
16
Exodus 8:16
希伯来解经家注意到，九灾分为三组：每组头两灾都有明确的预警；每组的第三灾则毫无预告地降下，即第三灾虱子、第六灾疮、第九灾黑暗。
「地上的尘土」——前两灾降于尼罗河之上；这一灾则降于地上——地在埃及被敬拜为众神之父。尼罗河盆地那黑色的沃土被赋予特别的神圣性，称为凯米（Chemi）；埃及的古名据信即由此而来。
「虱子」——这个希伯来词只与这一灾一同出现。这些昆虫一般被鉴定为蚊子，而蚊灾之烈无处过于埃及。它们在十月前后——即蛙灾之后不久——最为扰人；它们令人惧怕，不仅因其造成的疼痛烦扰，也因据说它们能经由鼻孔和耳朵钻入人体。
英文原文
It is observed by Hebrew commentators that the nine plagues are divided into three groups: distinct warnings are given of the first two plagues in each group; the third in each is inflicted without any previous notice; namely, the third, lice, the sixth, boils, the ninth, darkness.
The dust of the land - The two preceding plagues fell upon the Nile. This fell on the earth, which was worshipped in Egypt as the father of the gods. An special sacredness was attached to the black fertile soil of the basin of the Nile, called Chemi, from which the ancient name of Egypt is supposed to be derived.
Lice - The Hebrew word occurs only in connection with this plague. These insects are generally identified with mosquitos, a plague nowhere greater than in Egypt. They are most troublesome toward October, i. e. soon after the plague of frogs, and are dreaded not only for the pain and annoyance which they cause, but also because they are said to penetrate into the body through the nostrils and ears.
19
Exodus 8:19
「神的指头」——这说法完全是埃及式的；它未必意味着术士们认出了行这奇事的神——耶和华。他们很可能是把这事归于一位与他们自己的保护神为敌的神。
英文原文
The finger of God - This expression is thoroughly Egyptian; it need not imply that the magicians recognized Yahweh, the God who performed the marvel. They may possibly have referred it to as a god that was hostile to their own protectors.
20
Exodus 8:20
「出来到水边」——见 Exodus 7:15 注释。这一次法老很可能是带着仪仗行列前往尼罗河，为要开启那庄严的节期；该节期在河水初涨后一百二十天举行，即十月末或十一月初。那时泛滥正在消退，新淤的土壤上已现出草木萌发的最初痕迹。
如今所预告的这灾，可视为与大气相关——大气同样是敬拜的对象。
英文原文
Cometh forth to the water - See the Exodus 7:15 note. It is not improbable that on this occasion Pharaoh went to the Nile with a procession in order to open the solemn festival, which was held 120 days after the first rise, at the end of October or early in November. At that time the inundation is abating and the first traces of vegetation are seen on the deposit of fresh soil.
The plague now announced may be regarded as connected with the atmosphere, also an object of worship.
21
Exodus 8:21
「成群的苍蝇」——一般认为是狗蝇（dog-fly），在某些季节被描述为远比蚊子更烈的祸患。然而另有人采纳这样的意见：这些昆虫是一种甲虫，埃及人尊之为生命——即生殖力或创造之力——的象征。太阳神作为创造者，名为凯佩拉（Chepera），以甲虫的形态、或长着甲虫之首的形象来表现。
英文原文
Swarms of flies - Generally, supposed to be the dog-fly, which at certain seasons is described as a plague far worse than mosquitos. Others, however, adopt the opinion that the insects were a species of beetle, which was reverenced by the Egyptians as a symbol of life, of reproductive or creative power. The sun-god, as creator, bore the name Chepera, and is represented in the form, or with the head, of a beetle.
22
Exodus 8:22
「我要分别……」——这一分别构成了此灾与先前诸灾之间的一个具体差别。灾祸降在尼罗河谷，歌珊地却得幸免，法老当然无法把这事归因于埃及的任何神明，更不能归因于凯佩拉（Chepera）——下埃及特别尊崇的崇拜对象（见上一条注释）。
英文原文
I will sever ... - This severance constituted a specific difference between this and the preceding plagues. Pharaoh could not of course attribute the exemption of Goshen from a scourge, which fell on the valley of the Nile, to an Egyptian deity, certainly not to Chepera (see the last note), a special object of worship in Lower Egypt.
25
Exodus 8:25
「祭祀你们的神」——法老如今承认了他先前声称不认识的那位神的存在与能力；但正如摩西谨慎记录的，他只是把祂当作以色列人的民族神来承认。
「在这地」——意即在埃及境内，而非边界之外。
英文原文
To your God - Pharaoh now admits the existence and power of the God whom he had professed not to know; but, as Moses is careful to record, he recognizes Him only as the national Deity of the Israelites.
In the land - i. e. in Egypt, not beyond the frontier.
26
Exodus 8:26
「埃及人所厌恶的」——即埃及人视为亵渎神明而不可宰杀的动物。这里指公牛、阉牛或母牛。母牛在埃及从未被献为祭牲，因为它被尊为归于伊西斯（Isis）的圣物；而且从极早的时代起，牛就受到全埃及的崇拜，尤其在赫利奥波利斯与孟菲斯，以阿皮斯（Apis）、姆内维斯（Mnevis）、阿蒙-埃赫（Amen-Ehe）等不同名称，被当作他们最伟大神明——奥西里斯（Osiris）、阿图姆（Atum）、普塔（Ptah）与伊西斯——的象征或显现来崇拜。
英文原文
The abomination - i. e. an animal which the Egyptians held it sacrilegious to slay. The ox, bull, or cow, is meant. The cow was never sacrificed in Egypt, being sacred to Isis, and from a very early age the ox was worshipped throughout Egypt, and more especially at Heliopolis and Memphis under various designations, Apis, Mnevis, Amen-Ehe, as the symbol or manifestation of their greatest deities, Osiris, Atum, Ptah, and Isis.
27
Exodus 8:27
「三天的路程」——见 Exodus 3:18 注释。
英文原文
Three days' journey - See the Exodus 3:18 note.
「用青蛙」——如果青蛙是在惯常的时节、即九月间出现，那么这一灾与前一次灾之间似乎相隔了数月。此处所特指的物种源于埃及。这一灾与前一次灾一样，大体上与自然现象相符，但其规模与强度都令人称奇，并且与神使者的言语和作为有直接的关联。显然，它也与其他各灾一样，与埃及的迷信有直接的关联。埃及有一位蛙首的女神，而青蛙与埃及最古老形式的自然崇拜有关。