1
Genesis 28:1
英文原文
Isaac has now become alive to the real destiny of Jacob. He therefore calls for him to bless him, and give him a command. The command is to take a wife, not from Kenaan, but from the kindred of his parents. The blessing comes from "God Almighty" (Genesis 17:1). It is that belonging to the chosen seed, "the blessing of Abraham." It embraces a numerous offspring, the land of promise, and all else that is included in the blessing of Abraham. "A congregation of peoples." This is the word "congregation" (קהל qâhāl) which is afterward applied to the assembled people of God, and to which the Greek ἐκκλησία ekklēsia, "ecclesia," corresponds. Jacob complies with his mother's advice and his father's command, and, at the same time, reaps the bitter fruit of his fraud against his brother in the hardship and treachery of an exile of twenty years. The aged Isaac is not without his share in the unpleasant consequences of endeavoring to go against the will of God.
6
Genesis 28:6
以扫因父母对雅各的嘱咐、雅各对父母意愿的顺从，以及父母对迦南女子明显的厌恶，而在原有妻子之外另娶了以实玛利的女儿玛哈拉。“往以实玛利那里去”；即往以实玛利的家族或支派去，因为以实玛利本人此时已死了十三年。以扫打猎游荡的生涯使他得以与这家族接触，我们不久将看到他定居在邻近的地业。
英文原文
Esau is induced, by the charge of his parents to Jacob, the compliance of the latter with their wishes, and by their obvious dislike to the daughters of Kenaan, to take Mahalath, a daughter of Ishmael, in addition to his former wives. "Went unto Ishmael;" that is, to the family or tribe of Ishmael, as Ishmael himself was now thirteen years dead. Esau's hunting and roving career had brought him into contact with this family, and we shall presently find him settled in a neighboring territory.
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Genesis 28:10
雅各的梦与愿。他动身走上往哈兰去的路，夜色临到，便睡在田野。他或者远离任何住所，或者不愿进陌生人的家。他做了一个梦。看见一架梯子（或台阶）从地通到天，有天使在上面上去下来。这是天地之间的交通媒介，使者借此为怜悯的使命往来奔走。天地曾因罪而隔绝，但这梯子重新建立了这接触。因此，它是那居中调解并促成和好者的美丽表像（John 1:51）。在这里，它使雅各进入与神的交通，并教导他一个有力的功课：他是藉着中保而蒙悦纳的。“耶和华站在梯子以上”，而雅各——他怜悯的对象——在梯子以下。第一，他向那沉睡者显明自己是“耶和华”（Genesis 2:4），是“你祖亚伯拉罕的神，也是以撒的神”。值得留意的是，亚伯拉罕被称为他的父，即他肉身的祖父，也是盟约之父。第二，他更新了那地、那后裔、并地上万族因那后裔得福的应许。他们必向西、向东、向北、向南开展。这话指明亚伯拉罕之后裔之国度将有的普世普及性——当它成为那征服先前一切、并且永远长存的第五国之时。这超越了亚伯拉罕自然后裔的命定。第三，他接着亲自应许与雅各同在、保护他、并平平安安地带他回来。这是那赐福之后裔的第三次宣告，赐给血统中的第三代（Genesis 12:2-3; Genesis 22:18; Genesis 26:4）。
英文原文
Jacob's dream and vow. Setting out on the way to Haran, he was overtaken by night, and slept in the field. He was far from any dwelling, or he did not wish to enter the house of a stranger. He dreams. A ladder or stair is seen reaching from earth to heaven, on which angels ascend and descend. This is a medium of communication between heaven and earth, by which messengers pass to and fro on errands of mercy. Heaven and earth have been separated by sin. But this ladder has re-established the contact. It is therefore a beautiful emblem of what mediates and reconciles John 1:51. It here serves to bring Jacob into communication with God, and teaches him the emphatic lesson that he is accepted through a mediator. "The Lord stood above it," and Jacob, the object of his mercy, beneath. First. He reveals himself to the sleeper as "the Lord" Genesis 2:4, "the God of Abraham thy father, and of Isaac." It is remarkable that Abraham is styled his father, that is, his actual grandfather, and covenant father. Second. He renews the promise of the land, of the seed, and of the blessing in that seed for the whole race of man. Westward, eastward, northward, and southward are they to break forth. This expression points to the world-wide universality of the kingdom of the seed of Abraham, when it shall become the fifth monarchy, that shall subdue all that went before, and endure forever. This transcends the destiny of the natural seed of Abraham. Third. He then promises to Jacob personally to be with him, protect him, and bring him back in safety. This is the third announcement of the seed that blesses to the third in the line of descent Genesis 12:2-3; Genesis 22:18; Genesis 26:4.
16
Genesis 28:16
雅各醒了，喊道：“耶和华真在这里，我竟不知道！”他原知道主无所不在；但他没有料到，在远离父亲圣所的这地方，主会特别显现。当他发现自己身处神的殿、天的门时，心中充满肃穆的敬畏。那柱石是这一事件的纪念。在其上浇油，是向那在此向他显现的神奉献之举（Numbers 7:1）。他称那地方的名字为伯特利，意即“神的殿”。这并非该地第一次得此名。亚伯拉罕也曾在这里敬拜神，并且遇见这早已存在的名字（参 Genesis 12:8；Genesis 13:3；Genesis 25:30 注）。
英文原文
Jacob awakes, and exclaims, "Surely the Lord is in this place, and I knew it not." He knew his omnipresence; but he did not expect a special manifestation of the Lord in this place, far from the sanctuaries of his father. He is filled with solemn awe, when he finds himself in the house of God and at the gate of heaven. The pillar is the monument of the event. The pouring of oil upon it is an act of consecration to God who has there appeared to him Numbers 7:1. He calls the name of the place Bethel, "the house of God." This is not the first time it received the name. Abraham also worshipped God here, and met with the name already existing (see on Genesis 12:8; Genesis 13:3; Genesis 25:30.)
20
Genesis 28:20
雅各的许愿。许愿是履行某种当尽义务的庄严承诺，人在许愿之时感到这义务有特别的约束力。因此，它带有应许或立约的性质。然而它所约束的只有一方，并且是那一方的自发行动。在这里，雅各似乎比他的先祖们更向前迈出了一步。在此之前，每逢应许，都是神采取主动，那永远的约也单单建立在他永恒的旨意上。亚伯拉罕曾回应神的呼召，信靠主，行在他面前，与他相交，向他代求，并按他的要求把自己独生的儿子献给他。这一切都显出受造者对满有怜悯的创造者之至高主权的接受。但如今，儿子的心激励雅各向神发出自发的行动。这不是普通的许愿，不是指什么特别的或一时的决心。
它乃是灵魂自由、完全而永远地接受主作自己的神之宏大而庄严的表达。这是迄今为止神圣记载中，从人心发出的新生属灵自由最坦率、最公开的宣告。“神若与我同在。”这不是雅各以雇工之心接受神所开的条件。它只是对紧接在前面所赐之神圣保证——“我也与你同在”——的回声和感恩的承认。这是儿子对父亲之保证的回应：“你果真与我同在吗？你必作我的神。”“这石头也必作神的殿”，这是神在他子民中间同在的纪念碑，也是他的灵住在他们心里的象征。它在这里出现，标志着神从他圣徒所受感恩、爱戴的欢迎与款待。“我必将十分之一献给你。”尊贵的宾客被当作家中的一员对待。十是全数；十分之一是全数中的一份。万有的主接受一份，作为对他对万有之主权的承认。在这里，它被描绘为献给那位屈尊与臣民同住之王的全份。这样，雅各向神敞开他的心、他的家和自己的财宝。这些就是神权政体——真宗教的国家性建立——的简单要素。刚强、仁爱、谨守的心已经开始在雅各里面作王。正如父在重生的亚伯拉罕里显著地显现，子在以撒里显现，圣灵也照样在雅各里显现。
- 雅各的婚姻
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רחל rāchēl，拉结（Rachel），“母羊。”
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לאה lê'âh，利亚（Leah），“疲乏。”
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זלפה zı̂lpâh，悉帕（Zilpah），“滴？”
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בלהה bı̂lhâh，辟拉（Bilhah），“胆怯。”
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ראוּבן re'uvbēn，流便（Reuben），“看哪，一个儿子。”这是暗指 בעניי ראה be‛ānyı̂y rā'âh 一语的双关语。衍生词与复合词既出自普通说话者之口，有时便建立在语音的相似上，而不总是依据诱发它们的原句的准确形式。
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שׁמעין shı̂m‛ôn，西缅（Shim'on），“听见，回应。”
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לוי lêvı̂y，利未（Levi），“连接，联合。”
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יחוּדה yehûdâh，犹大（Jehudah），“受赞美的。”
在本章和下一章里，雅各从手中只拿着一根杖的孤独逃亡者（Genesis 32:10），成长为大家庭的父亲和巨富的拥有者。他证明自己是忍耐坚毅的人，而主也照着应许与他同在。
英文原文
Jacob's vow. A vow is a solemn engagement to perform a certain duty, the obligation of which is felt at the time to be especially binding. It partakes, therefore, of the nature of a promise or a covenant. It involves in its obligation, however, only one party, and is the spontaneous act of that party. Here, then, Jacob appears to take a step in advance of his predecessors. Hitherto, God had taken the initiative in every promise, and the everlasting covenant rests solely on his eternal purpose. Abraham had responded to the call of God, believed in the Lord, walked before him, entered into communion with him, made intercession with him, and given up his only son to him at his demand. In all this there is an acceptance on the part of the creature of the supremacy of the merciful Creator. But now the spirit of adoption prompts Jacob to a spontaneous movement toward God. This is no ordinary vow, referring to some special or occasional resolve.
It is the grand and solemn expression of the soul's free, full, and perpetual acceptance of the Lord to be its own God. This is the most frank and open utterance of newborn spiritual liberty from the heart of man that has yet appeared in the divine record. "If God will be with me." This is not the condition on which Jacob will accept God in a mercenary spirit. It is merely the echo and the thankful acknowledgment of the divine assurance, "I am with thee," which was given immediately before. It is the response of the son to the assurance of the father: "Wilt thou indeed be with me? Thou shalt be my God." "This stone shall be God's house," a monument of the presence of God among his people, and a symbol of the indwelling of his Spirit in their hearts. As it comes in here it signalizes the grateful and loving welcome and entertainment which God receives from his saints. "A tenth will I surely give unto thee." The honored guest is treated as one of the family. Ten is the whole: a tenth is a share of the whole. The Lord of all receives one share as an acknowledgment of his sovereign right to all. Here it is represented as the full share given to the king who condescends to dwell with his subjects. Thus, Jacob opens his heart, his home, and his treasure to God. These are the simple elements of a theocracy, a national establishment of the true religion. The spirit of power, and of love, and of a sound mind, has begun to reign in Jacob. As the Father is prominently manifested in regenerate Abraham, and the Son in Isaac, so also the Spirit in Jacob.
- Jacob's Marriage
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רחל rāchēl, Rachel, "a ewe."
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לאה lê'âh, Leah, "wearied."
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זלפה zı̂lpâh, Zilpah, "drop?"
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בלהה bı̂lhâh, Bilhah, "timidity."
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ראוּבן re'uvbēn, Reuben, "behold a son." A paronomasia in allusion to the phrase בעניי ראה be‛ānyı̂y rā'âh. Derivatives and compounds, being formed by the common speaker, are sometimes founded upon resemblance in sound, and not always on precise forms of the original sentence which prompted them.
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שׁמעין shı̂m‛ôn, Shim'on, "hearing, answer."
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לוי lêvı̂y, Levi, "junction, union."
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יחוּדה yehûdâh, Jehudah, "praised."
In this chapter and the following, Jacob grows from a solitary fugitive with a staff in his hand Genesis 32:10 to be the father of a large family and the owner of great wealth. He proves himself to be a man of patience and perseverance, and the Lord according to promise is with him.
以撒如今已醒悟到雅各真正的命定。因此他召了他来，要祝福他，并给他一道命令。命令是：娶妻不可从迦南，而要从他父母的亲族中娶。这祝福来自"全能的神"（创世记 17:1）。这是属于那蒙拣选之后裔的，即"亚伯拉罕的福"。它包含众多的后裔、应许之地，以及亚伯拉罕之福所包括的一切其余之事。"多民的会众。"这就是"会众"（congregation，קהל qâhâl）一词，后来用以指神召集的百姓，希腊文 ἐκκλησία ekklēsia（"教会"）即与之对应。雅各顺从母亲的建议与父亲的命令，同时也就在二十载流放的艰辛与欺诈中，收割了他欺哄兄弟所结的苦果。年迈的以撒在试图违背神旨意所带来的不快后果中，也并非全无其份。