1
Leviticus 2:1
英文原文
A meat offering - Better translated in Leviticus 2:4 an oblation of a meat offering קרבן qorbân, see Leviticus 1:2 מנחה mı̂nchāh. signifies literally a "gift"; and it appears to have been applied especially to what was given by an inferior to a superior Genesis 32:18-20; Genesis 43:11; Judges 3:15; 1 Samuel 10:27 : but in the technical language of the Law, it regularly denoted the vegetable offerings as distinguished from the animal offerings. Our translators have rendered it "meat-offering", applying the word "meat", according to old usage, as a general term for food. Vegetable-offering or meal-offering would be a more convenient rendering.
The meaning of the מנחה mı̂nchāh appears to be much more simple than that of the animal sacrifices. The מנחה mı̂nchāh, as a sacrifice, was something surrendered to God, which was of the greatest value to man as a means of living. It might thus seem to be merely eucharistic. But it should not be overlooked that the grain had been modified, and made useful, by man's own labor. Hence, it has been supposed that the מנחה mı̂nchāh expressed a confession that all our good works are performed in God and are due to Him.
The order in which the kinds of offering are named agrees with their development in order of time. The burnt-offering and the מנחה mı̂nchāh answer to the first two offerings on record Genesis 4:3-4; Amos 5:22.
Three kinds of מנחה mı̂nchāh are here mentioned; (1) Leviticus 2:1-3; (2) Leviticus 2:4-7; (3) Leviticus 2:14-16. Of each of them a small portion was burned on the altar "for a memorial," and the remainder was given to the priests. The offerings of flour belonged to the priests at large, but those of cakes and wafers to the officiating priests, Leviticus 7:9-10. Instructions to the priests are given in Leviticus 6:14-23.
Fine flour - finely bolted flour of wheat. It was probably always presented in a bowl, compare Numbers 7:13.
Oil - For the purpose of anointing and as food; in both senses a symbol of divine grace.
Frankincense - See the Exodus 30:34 note.
2
Leviticus 2:2
更好的译法是：“他要把它带到亚伦的子孙作祭司的那里；（主礼的）祭司就要从其中取出”，等等。
纪念——这不仅是在坛上焚烧之 מנחה mı̂nchāh 那一部分的固定名称（利未记 2:9、利未记 2:16；利未记 5:12；利未记 6:15；民数记 5:26），也是放在陈设饼上之乳香的固定名称（利未记 24:7）。用于指哥尼流的祷告与周济的，正是这个词（使徒行传 10:4）。
英文原文
Better: "And he shall bring it to Aaron's sons, the priests; and the (officiating) priest shall take from it," etc.
Memorial - The regular name not only for the portion of the מנחה mı̂nchāh which was burned on the altar Leviticus 2:9, Leviticus 2:16; Leviticus 5:12; Leviticus 6:15; Numbers 5:26, but for the frankincense which was laid upon the showbread Leviticus 24:7. It is the word which is applied to the prayers and alms of Cornelius, Acts 10:4.
3
Leviticus 2:3
至圣之物——字面意思是“圣中之圣”。一切祭物都是圣的，包括平信徒所吃的平安祭的部分；但那所有部分都归于坛、或归于祭司之用的，便是“至圣的”。素祭（מנחה mı̂nchāh）、陈设饼、香，以及赎罪祭与赎愆祭的肉，都是如此。地方之间类似的区分，参出埃及记 26:33。至圣的食物要在“圣处”吃，即会幕的区域内，大概在祭司的住所里；但祭司所得的平安祭之份，祭司和他们全家可以在任何“洁净之处”吃（利未记 10:12-14）。
英文原文
A thing most holy - literally, a holy of holies. All offerings were holy, including the portions of the peace-offerings which were eaten by the laity; but that was "most holy" of which every part was devoted either to the altar, or to the use of the priests. Such were the minchaahs, the showbread, the incense, and the flesh of the sin-offerings and trespass-offerings. Compare the similar distinction between places Exodus 26:33. The most holy food was eaten in "the holy place," that is the precinct of the tabernacle, probably in the priests' lodgings; but the priests' portion of the peace-offerings might be eaten by the priests and their families in any "clean place" Leviticus 10:12-14.
4
Leviticus 2:4
本段所提的四种饼与三种炊具，大概是以色列人日常生活中普遍使用的；而且看来没有理由怀疑，它们与今日东方仍在使用的器具相同。祭物容许如此多样，最可能是为了适应敬拜者各自不同的境况。
利未记 2:4
炉——这大概是一种陶土制的可携带器皿，形状为圆锥体，高约 3 英尺 6 英寸，直径约 1 英尺 6 英寸。阿拉伯人至今仍使用类似的罐子作同样的用途。在器皿内部生火把它充分烧热之后，就把饼放进去，并盖住顶部，直到烤透为止。与此同时，器皿的外侧也加以利用：把擀得极薄的面团摊贴在外面，便能制出一种远比苏格兰燕麦饼更薄的薄饼。
英文原文
The four kinds of bread and the three cooking utensils which are mentioned in this section were probably such as were in common use in the daily life of the Israelites; and there appears no reason to doubt that they were such as are still used in the East. The variety of the offerings was most likely permitted to suit the different circumstances of the worshippers.
Leviticus 2:4
Oven - This was probably a portable vessel of earthenware; in shape a cone about 3 ft. 6 in. high, and 1 ft. 6 in. in diameter. Similar jars are now used for the same purpose by the Arabs. After the vessel has been thoroughly heated by a fire lighted in the inside, the cakes are placed within it, and the top is covered up until they are sufficiently baked. Meantime the outside of the vessel is turned to account. Dough rolled out very thin is spread over it, and a sort of wafer is produced considerably thinner than a Scotch oat-cake.
5
Leviticus 2:5
铁鏊——如旁注所示，更准确地说是一块平盘。它大概与炉一样，是陶土制品。
英文原文
A pan - Rather, as in the margin, a flat plate. It was probably of earthenware, like the oven.
6
Leviticus 2:6
分成块子——是掰开，不是切开。贝都因人习惯趁热掰碎饼块，若有幸得着黄油这奢侈品，便把碎块与黄油调和着吃。
英文原文
Part it in pieces - Break, not cut. The Bedouins are in the habit of breaking up their cakes when warm and mixing the fragments with butter when that luxury can be obtained.
7
Leviticus 2:7
煎盘——更准确地说，是通常用于煮食的锅。此处所说的饼有可能是用油煮成的。“锅”与“煎盘”（利未记 2:5、利未记 2:7）或许就是百姓中最贫穷之人常用的炊具。
英文原文
Fryingpan - Rather, pan, commonly used for boiling. It is possible that the cakes here spoken of were boiled in oil. The "pan" and the "frying pan" Leviticus 2:5, Leviticus 2:7 may have been the common cooking implements of the poorest of the people.
11
Leviticus 2:11
至于初熟之物的供物——更准确地说，是“作为初熟之物的供物”。这话是指利未记 2:11所提到的酵和蜜，它们可以在初熟之物和十分取一之物中献上（申命记 26:2、申命记 26:12；请比较历代志下 31:5）。蜜既被用来引发发酵，酵（即一小块发酵的面团）也一样被排除在外，因为发酵恰是人心中腐败运作的贴切象征。
英文原文
As for the oblation of the firstfruits - Rather, As an oblation of firstfruits. The words refer to the leaven and honey mentioned in Leviticus 2:11 which might be offered among the firstfruits and tithes (Deuteronomy 26:2, Deuteronomy 26:12; compare 2 Chronicles 31:5). Honey, being used to produce fermentation, and leaven (or, a small piece of fermented dough) were excluded because fermentation was an apt symbol of the working of corruption in the human heart.
13
Leviticus 2:13
一切的供物都要配盐而献——不仅每一 מנחה mînchāh（素祭），连一切牲畜之祭也都要配着盐献上。盐是燔祭坛上从不缺席的惟一象征，表明耶和华对祂百姓之爱永不朽坏。就其不变的性质而言，盐与酵（酵母）恰恰相反。据说阿拉伯人至今仍在日常用语中保留“盐约”这一说法；他们在款待之礼中对饼和盐所表的敬意，也是人所共知的。
英文原文
With all thine offerings thou shalt offer salt - Not only every מנחה mı̂nchāh, but every animal offering was to be accompanied by salt. It was the one symbol which was never absent from the altar of burnt-offering, showing the imperishablness of the love of Yahweh for His people. In its unalterable nature, it is the contrary of leaven (yeast). The Arabs are said to retain in common use the expression, "a covenant of salt;" and the respect they pay to bread and salt in their rites of hospitality is well known.
14
Leviticus 2:14
青穗——更准确地说，是“新鲜的谷穗”，即刚熟而新收的谷粒。这里所说的烘过的谷粒，在叙利亚和埃及是常见的食物，古时被普遍食用。
轧了——不是像路加福音 6:1所描述的那样用手搓出来，而是捣碎或碾碎成粗谷粒。
英文原文
Green ears of corn - Rather, "fresh ears of corn;" that is, just-ripe grain, freshly gathered. Parched grain, such as is here spoken of, is a common article of food in Syria and Egypt, and was very generally eaten in ancient times.
Beaten out - Not rubbed out by the hands, as described in Luke 6:1, but bruised or crushed so as to form groats.
素祭——在利未记 2:4 中译作“素祭之供物”更好。קרבן qorbân（科尔班）见利未记 1:2。מנחה mı̂nchāh 字义是“礼物”；这词似乎特别用于指地位低的人献给地位高的人的东西（创世记 32:18-20；创世记 43:11；士师记 3:15；撒母耳记上 10:27）；但在律法的专门用语中，它通常指植物性的祭物，以区别于牲畜之祭。我们的译者将其译作 meat-offering，其中 meat 一词是按古时用法泛指食物的用语。译作“植物性祭物”或“谷祭”当更为便利。
מנחה mı̂nchāh 的意义，看来比牲畜之祭的意义简单得多。作为祭物的 מנחה mı̂nchāh，是人把自己赖以生活、最具价值之物献给神。这样看来，它似乎仅具感恩的性质。但不应忽略，谷物是经过人自己的劳作而被改变、成为有用的。因此有人认为，מנחה mı̂nchāh 表达了这样一种承认：我们一切善行都是在神里面行出的，也都当归给祂。
各类祭物被提及的次序，与它们在时间上发展的次序相合。燔祭与 מנחה mı̂nchāh 对应于记载中最早的两种祭物（创世记 4:3-4；阿摩司书 5:22）。
这里提到三种 מנחה mı̂nchāh：(1) 利未记 2:1-3；(2) 利未记 2:4-7；(3) 利未记 2:14-16。每一种都有一小部分在坛上焚烧作为“纪念”，其余的归给祭司。细面类的祭物归众祭司全体，饼类与薄饼类的祭物则归主礼的祭司（利未记 7:9-10）。给祭司的指示记在利未记 6:14-23。
细面——磨细筛过的麦面。大概总是盛在器皿中献上，参民数记 7:13。
油——用于膏抹，也用作食物；在这两义上都是神圣恩典的象征。
乳香——见出埃及记 30:34 注释。