1
1Ki 21:1-4.
英文原文
1Ki 21:1-4.
NABOTH REFUSES AHAB HIS VINEYARD.
1-3. Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel--Ahab was desirous, from its contiguity to the palace, to possess it for a vegetable garden. He proposed to Naboth to give him a better in exchange, or to obtain it by purchase; but the owner declined to part with it. In persisting in his refusal, Naboth was not actuated by any feelings of disloyalty or disrespect to the king, but solely from a conscientious regard to the divine law, which, for important reasons, had prohibited the sale of a paternal inheritance
[Le 25:23; Nu 36:7];
or if, through extreme poverty or debt, an assignation of it to another was unavoidable, the conveyance was made on the condition of its being redeemable at any time
[Le 25:25-27];
at all events, of its reverting at the jubilee to the owner
[Le 25:28].
In short, it could not be alienated from the family, and it was on this ground that Naboth
(1Ki 21:3)
refused to comply with the king's demand. It was not, therefore, any rudeness or disrespect that made Ahab heavy and displeased, but his sulky and pettish demeanor betrays a spirit of selfishness that could not brook to be disappointed of a favorite object, and that would have pushed him into lawless tyranny had he possessed any natural force of character.
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4. 转脸——要么是为了在臣仆面前掩饰心中的烦恼,要么是装出极其忧愁的样子,好激动他们想些法子来满足他的心愿。
英文原文
4. turned away his face--either to conceal from his attendants the vexation of spirit he felt, or, by the affectation of great sorrow, rouse them to devise some means of gratifying his wishes.
5
1Ki 21:5-16.
1Ki 21:5-16.
耶洗别使人用石头打拿伯
英文原文
1Ki 21:5-16.
JEZEBEL CAUSES NABOTH TO BE STONED.
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7. 你现在治理以色列国不是吗?——这与其说是一个问题,不如说是一句感叹——一种讥讽的嘲弄:「你这位国王当得可真好!你不能用你的权力去得你心里所想要的东西吗?」
起来吃饭吧,心里畅快吧,我必将那葡萄园给你——耶洗别责备了亚哈的懦弱,吩咐他要像个王的样子,然后告诉他不必再为这等小事烦心;她保证让他得到那葡萄园。
英文原文
7. Dost thou now govern the kingdom of Israel?--This is not so much a question as an exclamation--a sarcastic taunt; "A pretty king thou art! Canst not thou use thy power and take what thy heart is set upon?"
arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: I will give thee the vineyard--After upbraiding Ahab for his pusillanimity and bidding him act as a king, Jezebel tells him to trouble himself no more about such a trifle; she would guarantee the possession of the vineyard.
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8. 于是耶洗别托亚哈的名写信,用他的印盖印——印章戒指上刻有王的名字,使所盖印的文件具有效力
(Es 8:8; Da 6:17)。
亚哈容许她使用他的印章,便是默许了耶洗别的行径。信既以王的名义发出,便带有御旨的性质。
把信送给那些与他同住那城里的长老和贵胄——他们是耶斯列的民政长官,多半是耶洗别所提拔的工具。显然,亚哈虽最近在耶斯列向拿伯提出要求,他和耶洗别现在却都在撒玛利亚
(1Ki 20:43)。
英文原文
8. So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal--The seal-ring contained the name of the king and gave validity to the documents to which it was affixed
(Es 8:8; Da 6:17).
By allowing her the use of his signet-ring, Ahab passively consented to Jezebel's proceeding. Being written in the king's name, it had the character of a royal mandate.
sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city--They were the civic authorities of Jezreel, and would, in all likelihood, be the creatures and fit tools of Jezebel. It is evident that, though Ahab had recently been in Jezreel, when he made the offer to Naboth, both he and Jezebel were now in Samaria
(1Ki 20:43).
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9. 宣告禁食云云——那些奉承而无原则的官长,依令而行。他们假称有一桩重罪落在某人或某个不知名的人身上,他被控亵渎神和王,亚哈扬言若不查出罪犯加以惩办,就要向全城报复,于是召集百姓守严肃的禁食。凡有关国家公众利益的特殊场合,都要下令禁食
(2Ch 20:3; Ezr 8:21; Joe 1:14; 2:15; Jon 3:5)。
耶斯列那些恶意的官长宣告禁食,是要给他们所作所为披上一层公义的外衣,并在百姓中造成一种印象,仿佛拿伯的罪已构成对王性命的叛逆。
将拿伯放在高处——审讯时,被告要当着全法庭的面坐在高座上;但由于有罪之人理应是未知的,拿伯之被置于百姓之中的高处,必然是因为他是当地的名人。
英文原文
9. Proclaim a fast, &c.--Those obsequious and unprincipled magistrates did according to orders. Pretending that a heavy guilt lay on one, or some unknown party, who was charged with blaspheming God and the king and that Ahab was threatening vengeance on the whole city unless the culprit were discovered and punished, they assembled the people to observe a solemn fast. Fasts were commanded on extraordinary occasions affecting the public interests of the state
(2Ch 20:3; Ezr 8:21; Joe 1:14; 2:15; Jon 3:5).
The wicked authorities of Jezreel, by proclaiming the fast, wished to give an external appearance of justice to their proceedings and convey an impression among the people that Naboth's crime amounted to treason against the king's life.
set Naboth on high--During a trial the panel, or accused person, was placed on a high seat, in the presence of all the court; but as the guilty person was supposed to be unknown, the setting of Naboth on high among the people must have been owing to his being among the distinguished men of the place.
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13. 有两个人——是受贿起假誓的匪徒。律法规定,死罪案件须有两个见证人
(De 17:6; 19:15; Nu 35:30; Mt 26:60)。
咒诅神和咒诅王,在律法
(Ex 22:28)
中是紧密相连的罪,因为以色列的王是神在地上国度中的代表。
他们把拿伯拉出城外,用石头打他——禁止咒诅百姓官长的律法,并未明定这罪的刑罚,但或是习俗所定、或是耶斯列官长所创始,以石头打为适当的刑罚。这刑罚总在城外执行
(Ac 7:58)。
英文原文
13. there came in two men--worthless fellows who had been bribed to swear a falsehood. The law required two witnesses in capital offenses
(De 17:6; 19:15; Nu 35:30; Mt 26:60).
Cursing God and cursing the king are mentioned in the law
(Ex 22:28)
as offenses closely connected, the king of Israel being the earthly representative of God in His kingdom.
they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him--The law, which forbade cursing the rulers of the people, does not specify the penalty for this offense but either usage had sanctioned or the authorities of Jezreel had originated stoning as the proper punishment. It was always inflicted out of the city
(Ac 7:58).
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14-16. 耶洗别对亚哈说:你起来,去得那葡萄园——拿伯既已被处决,他的家属也同遭死刑
(2Ki 9:26),
他的产业便归王室没收,这不是按律法,而是按惯例(参见
2Sa 16:4)。
英文原文
14-16. Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession--Naboth's execution having been announced, and his family being involved in the same fatal sentence
(2Ki 9:26),
his property became forfeited to the crown, not by law, but traditionary usage (see
2Sa 16:4).
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16. 亚哈起来下去——从撒玛利亚下到耶斯列。
英文原文
16. Ahab rose up to go down--from Samaria to Jezreel.
17
1Ki 21:17-29.
1Ki 21:17-29.
以利亚宣告对亚哈和耶洗别的审判
17-19. 你杀了人,又得产业吗?——当亚哈正在察看这不义之财时,以利亚奉神的差遣站在他面前。先知在此时出现,本身已是不祥之兆,而他的话更甚(对照
Eze 45:8; 46:16-18)。
亚哈没有因这骇人听闻的罪行而惊惧退缩,反倒急切地赶往他新得的产业。
英文原文
1Ki 21:17-29.
ELIJAH DENOUNCES JUDGMENTS AGAINST AHAB AND JEZEBEL.
17-19. Hast thou killed, and also taken possession?--While Ahab was in the act of surveying his ill-gotten possession, Elijah, by divine commission, stood before him. The appearance of the prophet, at such a time, was ominous of evil, but his language was much more so (compare
Eze 45:8; 46:16-18).
Instead of shrinking with horror from the atrocious crime, Ahab eagerly hastened to his newly acquired property.
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19. 狗在何处舔云云——这是神护理的公义报应。这预言不是在耶斯列应验,而是在撒玛利亚;也不是应验在亚哈本人身上——因他悔改了
(1Ki 21:29),
而是应验在他儿子身上
(2Ki 9:25)。
「在何处」几字可译为「正如」。
英文原文
19. In the place where dogs licked, &c.--a righteous retribution of Providence. The prediction was accomplished, not in Jezreel, but in Samaria; and not on Ahab personally, in consequence of his repentance
(1Ki 21:29),
but on his son
(2Ki 9:25).
The words "in the place where" might be rendered "in like manner as."
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20. 你竟出卖自己去行恶——即任凭罪在你身上得着不加遏制、习以为常的管辖
(2Ki 17:17; Ro 7:11)。
英文原文
20. thou hast sold thyself to work evil--that is, allowed sin to acquire the unchecked and habitual mastery over thee
(2Ki 17:17; Ro 7:11).
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21、22. 我必使你的家云云——(参见
1Ki 15:29
及
1Ki 16:3-12)。
耶洗别虽被列在亚哈家的成员之中,但她那可耻的下场却有明文预言(参见
2Ki 9:30)。
英文原文
21, 22. will make thine house, &c.--(see on
1Ki 15:29
and
1Ki 16:3-12).
Jezebel, though included among the members of Ahab's house, has her ignominious fate expressly foretold (see
2Ki 9:30).
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27-29. 亚哈……撕裂衣服,身上披麻,禁食,卧麻,缓缓而行——他不像耶洗别那样顽梗。这可怕的宣告在王心中留下了深刻的印象,使他一时真诚悔改。「缓缓而行」,即在屋内赤足而行,面带愁容。他表现出最深沉忧愁的一切外在记号,不论是惯例的还是天然的。他很痛苦;神的怜悯何其大,因他的自卑,所威胁的刑罚便暂缓执行。
英文原文
27-29. Ahab . . . rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softly--He was not obdurate, like Jezebel. This terrible announcement made a deep impression on the king's heart, and led, for a while, to sincere repentance. Going softly, that is, barefoot, and with a pensive manner, within doors. He manifested all the external signs, conventional and natural, of the deepest sorrow. He was wretched, and so great is the mercy of God, that, in consequence of his humiliation, the threatened punishment was deferred.
1Ki 21:1-4.
拿伯拒绝将葡萄园给亚哈
1-3. 耶斯列人拿伯在耶斯列有一个葡萄园——亚哈因它靠近王宫,想要据为己有作菜园。他提议给拿伯换一个更好的,或出价购买;但业主要不肯出让。拿伯坚持拒绝,并非出于对王的不忠或不敬,而完全是出于对神律法的敬虔之心——律法因重要的缘故,禁止出售祖传的产业
[Le 25:23; Nu 36:7];
若是因极度的贫穷或债务而不得不转让他人,转让也必须附带随时可赎回的条件
[Le 25:25-27];
无论如何,到了禧年必归还原主
[Le 25:28]。
简言之,产业不能从家族中流失,正是基于这一点,拿伯
(1Ki 21:3)
拒绝照办王的索求。因此,使亚哈忧闷不悦的,并非拿伯的任何粗鲁或不敬,而是亚哈那阴郁而任性的举止,暴露出一种不能容忍自己失望的自私之心;若他天性稍有几分魄力,这种自私本会驱使他走向无法无天的暴虐。