1
1Ki 7:1.
英文原文
1Ki 7:1.
BUILDING OF SOLOMON'S HOUSE.
1. Solomon was building his own house thirteen years--The time occupied in building his palace was nearly double that spent in the erection of the temple
[1Ki 6:38],
because neither had there been the same previous preparations for it, nor was there the same urgency as in providing a place of worship, on which the national well-being so much depended.
2
1Ki 7:2-7.
1Ki 7:2-7.
利巴嫩林宫
2. 他又建造利巴嫩林宫——几乎无法断定这是否是另一座建筑,抑或他的宫殿、利巴嫩林宫和为法老女儿所建的宫,都同属一座大宫殿的组成部分。其名称的由来同样难以确定:有人认为是因建在利巴嫩而得名;也有人认为它位于耶路撒冷或其附近,但因其中立有大量雪松柱子,才得了这一特别名称。我们也有类似的命名之法,例如那座称为「东印度大厦」的建筑,虽坐落在伦敦。其描述与东方宫殿的布局相符。建筑坐落于一个巨大的长方形广场中央,四周有围墙环绕,围墙靠内一侧建有侍奉宫廷之人的房屋与杂房。建筑本身呈长方形,由两个正方形庭院组成,两侧夹着一个长方形大殿,大殿位于中央,长一百肘,宽五十肘。这部分才是名副其实的利巴嫩林宫,因为大殿的雪松柱子就在此。前面是审判廊,专为办理公务而设。大殿的一侧是王宫;另一侧是后宫,即法老女儿所住的王室寝宫
(Es 2:3, 9)。
宫殿的这种布局与东方的建筑风格相符——按照这种风格,一座大宅总是由三部分或三座相连的房屋组成,彼此以门和通道相连——男子住在一端,家眷妇女住在另一端,而公共厅堂则占据建筑的中央。
英文原文
1Ki 7:2-7.
OF THE HOUSE OF LEBANON.
2. He built also the house of the forest of Lebanon--It is scarcely possible to determine whether this was a different edifice from the former, or whether his house, the house of the forest of Lebanon, and the one for Pharaoh's daughter, were not parts of one grand palace. As difficult is it to decide what was the origin of the name; some supposing it was so called because built on Lebanon; others, that it was in or near Jerusalem, but contained such a profuse supply of cedar columns as to have occasioned this peculiar designation. We have a similar peculiarity of name in the building called the East India house, though situated in London. The description is conformable to the arrangement of Eastern palaces. The building stood in the middle of a great oblong square, which was surrounded by an enclosing wall, against which the houses and offices of those attached to the court were built. The building itself was oblong, consisting of two square courts, flanking a large oblong hall which formed the center, and was one hundred cubits long, by fifty broad. This was properly the house of the forest of Lebanon, being the part where were the cedar pillars of this hall. In front was the porch of judgment, which was appropriated to the transaction of public business. On the one side of this great hall was the king's house; and on the other the harem or royal apartments for Pharaoh's daughter
(Es 2:3, 9).
This arrangement of the palace accords with the Oriental style of building, according to which a great mansion always consists of three divisions, or separate houses--all connected by doors and passages--the men dwelling at one extremity, the women of the family at the other, while public rooms occupy the central part of the building.
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10. 根基是大而宝贵的石头——巨大的石头,其尺寸与所述完全相符,至今仍可在耶路撒冷见到。不仅从根基到屋顶的梁木都是用大块凿成的石头建造,就连宫殿周围宽敞的庭院,也是用大方石铺成的。
英文原文
10. the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones--Enormous stones, corresponding exactly with the dimensions given, are found in Jerusalem at this day. Not only the walls from the foundation to the roof beams were built of large hewn stones, but the spacious court around the palace was also paved with great square stones.
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12. 至于耶和华殿的内院——应作正如耶和华殿的内院;意思是:在这宫殿里,正如在圣殿里一样,凿成的石头和香柏木梁构成围墙。
英文原文
12. for the inner court of the house of the Lord--should be, as in the inner court of the house of the Lord; the meaning is, that in this palace, as in the temple, rows of hewed stones and the cedar beams formed the enclosing wall.
13
1Ki 7:13-51.
1Ki 7:13-51.
户兰的工程
13. 所罗门王差遣人去推罗将户兰召了来——推罗人和腓尼基沿岸的其他居民,是古代世界最负盛名的金属工匠和艺术家。
英文原文
1Ki 7:13-51.
HIRAM'S WORKS.
13. Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre--The Tyrians and other inhabitants on the Phœnician coast were the most renowned artists and workers in metal in the ancient world.
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14. 他是拿弗他利支派一个寡妇的儿子——在
2Ch 2:14
说他的母亲是但支派的女儿。这一表面矛盾可如此调和:户兰的母亲虽属但支派,却曾嫁给一个拿弗他利人,所以她后来嫁给推罗人时,可被称为拿弗他利支派的寡妇。或者她若是但城(但的拉亿)本地人,既可因生于那地而称为但的女儿,又可因实在属拿弗他利支派而称为拿弗他利人。
一个铜匠——这是特指本章所描述的工程。但在
2Ch 2:13
他的艺术造诣被描述为涉及众多领域。事实上,他因天赋异禀和后天的技艺,被委以督导圣殿中一切艺术工程之责。
英文原文
14. He was a widow's son of the tribe of Naphtali--In
2Ch 2:14
his mother is said to have been of the daughters of Dan. The apparent discrepancy may be reconciled thus: Hiram's mother, though belonging to the tribe of Dan, had been married to a Naphtalite, so that when married afterwards to a Tyrian, she might be described as a widow of the tribe of Naphtali. Or, if she was a native of the city Dan (Laish), she might be said to be of the daughters of Dan, as born in that place; and of the tribe of Naphtali, as really belonging to it.
a worker in brass--This refers particularly to the works described in this chapter. But in
2Ch 2:13
his artistic skill is represented as extending to a great variety of departments. In fact, he was appointed, from his great natural talents and acquired skill, to superintend the execution of all the works of art in the temple.
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15-22. 制造两根铜柱,每根高十八肘——是用从琐巴王那里夺来的铜(青铜)造的
(1Ch 18:8)。
在
2Ch 3:15
说它们高三十五肘。那里是把两柱的总长度合在一起算;而此处是分别给出每柱的长度。每柱长十七肘半,以整数计作十八。按英制计其尺寸如下:柱子(不含柱顶)长三十二英尺半,直径七英尺;若如 WHISTON 在其所译约瑟夫著作中所推测的那样是空心的
(Jer 52:21),
则金属厚约三英寸半;因此一根柱子的全部铸造量约为十六至二十吨。柱顶高八又四分之三英尺;以同样的金属厚度计,每件不会少于七至八吨。柱顶完工时所作的工艺,在
(1Ki 7:17-22)
有所描述。柱子立起后,高度为四十英尺[NAPIER, Metal]。
英文原文
15-22. two pillars of brass of eighteen cubits high--They were made of the brass (bronze) which was taken from the king of Zobah
(1Ch 18:8).
In
2Ch 3:15
they are said to have been thirty-five cubits high. There, however, their joint lengths are given; whereas here the length of the pillars is given separately. Each pillar was seventeen and a half cubits long, which is stated, in round numbers, as eighteen. Their dimensions in English measure are as follows: The pillars without the capitals measured thirty-two and a half feet long, and seven feet diameter; and if hollow, as WHISTON, in his translation of JOSEPHUS, thinks
(Jer 52:21),
the metal would be about three and a half inches thick; so that the whole casting of one pillar must have been from sixteen to twenty tons. The height of the capitals was eight and three-fourths feet; and, at the same thickness of metal, would not weigh less than seven or eight tons each. The nature of the workmanship in the finishing of these capitals is described
(1Ki 7:17-22).
The pillars, when set up, would stand forty feet in height [NAPIER, Metal].
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17、18. 网子——即枝子状的工作,像棕树枝;
链子——即编成链子的形状,组成一种冠冕或花环。七个这样的链子在同一个柱顶上盘成垂花状,其上下都有穗子,每行一百个。两行石榴串在链子上
(2Ch 3:16)
环绕柱顶
(1Ki 7:42;
对照
2Ch 4:12, 13; Jer 52:23),
柱顶本身呈碗状或球状
(1Ki 7:41)。
这些行是为装饰工事作箍——以免散落;它们的位置在链子工艺之上,枝子工艺之下。
英文原文
17, 18. nets of checker work--that is, branch-work, resembling the branches of palm trees, and
wreaths of chain-work--that is, plaited in the form of a chain, composing a sort of crown or garland. Seven of these were wound in festoons on one capital, and over and underneath them were fringes, one hundred in a row. Two rows of pomegranates strung on chains
(2Ch 3:16)
ran round the capital
(1Ki 7:42;
compare
2Ch 4:12, 13; Jer 52:23),
which, itself, was of a bowl-like or globular form
(1Ki 7:41).
These rows were designed to form a binding to the ornamental work--to keep it from falling asunder; and they were so placed as to be above the chain work, and below the place where the branch-work was.
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19. 百合花的工作——美丽的装饰,形如百合花的茎、叶和花——尺寸颇大,与其所处位置的高度相称。
英文原文
19. lily work--beautiful ornaments, resembling the stalks, leaves, and blossoms of lilies--of large dimensions, as suited to the height of their position.
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21. 雅斤……波阿斯——这两个名字是象征性的,表明力量与稳固——所指的不是物质圣殿的力量与稳固,因为它们与圣殿一同被毁了
(Jer 52:17),
而是指体现在圣殿中的神属灵国度。
英文原文
21. Jachin and . . . Boaz--These names were symbolical, and indicated the strength and stability--not so much of the material temple, for they were destroyed along with it
(Jer 52:17),
as of the spiritual kingdom of God, which was embodied in the temple.
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23-26. 又铸了一个铜海——会幕中并没有这样的器皿;洗濯盆兼作洗手洗脚以及洗祭物各部分之用。但圣殿中,这些职事各有专门的器皿。(参见
2Ch 4:6。)
铜海是一个巨大的半圆形大盆,直径十七英尺半,深八英尺又四分之三。以三英寸半的厚度计,这一整件铸造不会少于二十五至三十吨——可盛一万六千至两万加仑的水。[参见
2Ch 4:3。]
盆缘全刻有百合花或花朵的工艺;外面四周刻有或雕有牛,共三百只;它安放在十二只牛的座上。这些牛必定相当大,像亚述的公牛一样,这样它们相应的腿才能提供足够的厚度或强度来支撑如此大的重量,因为盆中盛满水时,总重量约为一百吨[NAPIER]。(参见
2Ch 4:3)。
英文原文
23-26. he made a molten sea--In the tabernacle was no such vessel; the laver served the double purpose of washing the hands and feet of the priests as well as the parts of the sacrifices. But in the temple there were separate vessels provided for these offices. (See on
2Ch 4:6).
The molten sea was an immense semicircular vase, measuring seventeen and a half feet in diameter, and being eight and three-fourths feet in depth. This, at three and a half inches in thickness, could not weigh less than from twenty-five to thirty tons in one solid casting--and held from sixteen thousand to twenty thousand gallons of water. [See on
2Ch 4:3.]
The brim was all carved with lily work or flowers; and oxen were carved or cut on the outside all round, to the number of three hundred; and it stood on a pedestal of twelve oxen. These oxen must have been of considerable size, like the Assyrian bulls, so that their corresponding legs would give thickness or strength to support so great a weight for, when the vessel was filled with water, the whole weight would be about one hundred tons [NAPIER]. (See on
2Ch 4:3).
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27-39. 他又造了十个铜座——这些是有四轮的车架,用以支撑和搬运盆。其结构的描述表明,它们装配精美,设计巧妙地适合其用途。它们不是安在车轴上,而是安在与车轴相连的四个支架上,这样有图案的侧板便大大高于轮子。它们的形式和大小完全相同。安在其上的盆,每只可盛三百加仑水,重逾一吨。盛满水时,整套不下二吨[NAPIER]。
英文原文
27-39. he made ten bases of brass--These were trucks or four-wheeled carriages, for the support and conveyance of the lavers. The description of their structure shows that they were elegantly fitted up and skilfully adapted to their purpose. They stood, not on the axles, but on four rests attached to the axles, so that the figured sides were considerably raised above the wheels. They were all exactly alike in form and size. The lavers which were borne upon them were vessels capable each of holding three hundred gallons of water, upwards of a ton weight. The whole, when full of water, would be no less than two tons [NAPIER].
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40-45. 户兰又造了盆、铲子和盘子——这几节概括列举了户兰所作的工程,包括已提及的以及其他较小的物件。古代作家常提到推罗工匠是精于制造和浮雕金属杯碗的巧匠;因此,所罗门雇佣他们来为他圣殿和宫殿制造金银铜器具,也就不足为奇了。
英文原文
40-45. And Hiram made the lavers, and the shovels, and the basins--These verses contain a general enumeration of Hiram's works, as well as those already mentioned as other minor things. The Tyrian artists are frequently mentioned by ancient authors as skilful artificers in fashioning and embossing metal cups and bowls; and we need not wonder, therefore, to find them employed by Solomon in making the golden and brazen utensils for his temple and palaces.
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46. 王在约旦平原铸造这些物——撒拉但(Zarthan 或 Zaretan)
(Jos 3:16),
或撒拉拿(Zartanah)
(1Ki 4:12),
或撒利大(Zeredathah)
(2Ch 4:17),
位于约旦河岸,玛拿西西部的境内。疏割位于约旦河东,雅博河口附近的渡口处。注释家所给的理由之一是,在离耶路撒冷如此远的地方铸造,可免京城受铸造过程中必然产生的烟和有害气体的搅扰。[见 Bagster's Bible 注。]但真正的理由在于土壤的性质;旁注作「地的厚度」。约旦河谷那一带盛产泥灰岩。黏土和砂至今仍是铸铜的制模材料。像这样一件铸造所含的金属如此之多,不能在一个炉中熔化,需要一系列炉子,尤其像铜海这样的铸件——一整列炉子都装满金属,同时熔化,同时开炉,让金属流入模具。于是,在约旦平原便建立了一座国营铸造厂[NAPIER]。
英文原文
46. In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them--Zarthan, or Zaretan
(Jos 3:16),
or Zartanah
(1Ki 4:12),
or Zeredathah
(2Ch 4:17),
was on the bank of the Jordan in the territories of western Manasseh. Succoth was situated on the eastern side of Jordan, at the ford of the river near the mouth of the Jabbok. One reason assigned by commentators for the castings being made there is, that at such a distance from Jerusalem that city would not be annoyed by the smoke and noxious vapors necessarily occasioned by the process. [Note in Bagster's Bible.] But the true reason is to be found in the nature of the soil; Margin, "the thickness of the ground." That part of the Jordan valley abounds with marl. Clay and sand are the moulding material still used for bronze. Such large quantities of metal as one of these castings would contain could not be fused in one furnace, but would require a series of furnaces, especially for such a casting as the brazen sea--the whole series of furnaces being filled with metal, and fused at one time, and all tapped together, and the metal let run into the mould. Thus a national foundry was erected in the plain of Jordan [NAPIER].
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48. 金坛——即香坛。
英文原文
48. the altar of gold--that is, the altar of incense.
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49. 精金的灯台——大概照着会幕中那个的样式制造,那灯台与其它器具都被庄重地作为圣物存放在圣殿中。但这些似乎并未用于圣殿的敬拜;因为所罗门造了新的盆、桌子和灯台,每样十件。(关于圣殿的尺寸和陈设,详见
2Ch 3:1-5:14)。
英文原文
49. candlesticks of pure gold--made, probably, according to the model of that in the tabernacle, which, along with the other articles of furniture, were deposited with due honor, as sacred relics, in the temple. But these seem not to have been used in the temple service; for Solomon made new lavers, tables, and candlesticks, ten of each. (See further regarding the dimensions and furniture of the temple, in
2Ch 3:1-5:14).
1Ki 7:1.
所罗门王宫的建造
1. 所罗门建造自己的宫室花了十三年——建造王宫所耗费的时间几乎是建殿时间的两倍
[1Ki 6:38],
因为这事既没有像建殿那样事先做好同样的预备,而且提供敬拜之处一事乃是国家福祉所系,其紧迫性也非建王宫可比。