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2Ki 25:1-3.
英文原文
2Ki 25:1-3.
JERUSALEM AGAIN BESIEGED.
1. Nebuchadnezzar . . . came . . . against Jerusalem--Incensed by the revolt of Zedekiah, the Assyrian despot determined to put an end to the perfidious and inconstant monarchy of Judea. This chapter narrates his third and last invasion, which he conducted in person at the head of an immense army, levied out of all the tributary nations under his sway. Having overrun the northern parts of the country and taken almost all the fenced cities
(Jer 34:7),
he marched direct to Jerusalem to invest it. The date of the beginning as well as the end of the siege is here carefully marked (compare
Eze 24:1; Jer 39:1; 52:4-6);
from which it appears, that, with a brief interruption caused by Nebuchadnezzar's marching to oppose the Egyptians who were coming to its relief but who retreated without fighting, the siege lasted a year and a half. So long a resistance was owing, not to the superior skill and valor of the Jewish soldiers, but to the strength of the city fortifications, on which the king too confidently relied (compare
Jer 21:1-14; 37:1-38:28).
pitched against it, and . . . built forts--rather, perhaps, drew lines of circumvallation, with a ditch to prevent any going out of the city. On this rampart were erected his military engines for throwing missiles into the city.
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3. 四月初九日,城里有大饥荒——因严密而持久的围困,居民陷入了可怕的绝境;在饥饿的疯狂驱使下,人做出了最残忍的暴行
(La 2:20, 22; 4:9, 10; Eze 5:10)。
这正是众先知因选民背道所警告之预言的应验
(Le 26:29; De 28:53-57; Jer 15:2; 27:13; Eze 4:16)。
英文原文
3. on the ninth day of the fourth month the famine prevailed--In consequence of the close and protracted blockade, the inhabitants were reduced to dreadful extremities; and under the maddening influence of hunger, the most inhuman atrocities were perpetrated
(La 2:20, 22; 4:9, 10; Eze 5:10).
This was a fulfilment of the prophetic denunciations threatened on the apostasy of the chosen people
(Le 26:29; De 28:53-57; Jer 15:2; 27:13; Eze 4:16).
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2Ki 25:4-30.
2Ki 25:4-30.
西底家 被擒
4. 城被攻破——即正如别处所记,城墙的一部分,属于下城的部分,被攻破了
(2Ch 32:5; 33:14)。
兵丁夜间从靠近王园两墙中间的门逃跑——王园位于
(Ne 3:15)
西罗亚池旁,即推罗帕安溪谷的出口处。最外层那道墙的痕迹,似乎至今仍可见于横跨推罗帕安溪口的一条粗陋小径上,在一座靠近那棵标志以赛亚殉道传统地点的老桑树附近的土丘上[ROBINSON]。围城者大概忽视了这一通道。
王……向亚拉巴逃去——即约旦河谷,据估距耶路撒冷约五小时路程。耶利哥附近的平原宽约十一、十二英里。
英文原文
2Ki 25:4-30.
ZEDEKIAH TAKEN.
4. the city was broken up--that is, a breach was effected, as we are elsewhere informed, in a part of the wall belonging to the lower city
(2Ch 32:5; 33:14).
the men of war fled by night by the way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king's garden--The king's garden was
(Ne 3:15)
at the pool of Siloam, that is, at the mouth of the Tyropæon. A trace of the outermost of these walls appears to be still extant in the rude pathway which crosses the mouth of the Tyropæon, on a mound hard by the old mulberry tree, which marks the traditional spot of Isaiah's martyrdom [ROBINSON]. It is probable that the besiegers had overlooked this pass.
the king went . . . toward the plain--that is, the Ghor, or valley of Jordan, estimated at five hours' distance from Jerusalem. The plain near Jericho is about eleven or twelve miles broad.
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6、7. 他们拿住王,把他……带到利比拉——尼布甲尼撒前往拦截法老合弗拉的援军之后,留下他的将领继续围困,自己则未重返战场,而是驻扎在哈马地的利比拉
(2Ki 23:33)。
向他审判——即议会
(Jer 39:3, 13; Da 6:7, 8, 12)
视他为叛乱的藩属,因他违背誓言、无视耶利米向他宣告的神旨而定他的罪(参
Jer 32:5; 34:2; 38:17)。
他的众子和与他一同逃跑的贵胄,都在他眼前被杀
(Jer 39:6; 52:10)。
按东方的观念,瞎子不能治国,他们便将他双眼剜出,用铜链锁着,带到巴比伦终身监禁
(Jer 52:11),
那城他虽到了,正如以西结所预言,却看不见
(Jer 32:5; Eze 12:13; 17:16)。
英文原文
6, 7. they took the king, and brought him . . . to Riblah--Nebuchadnezzar, having gone from the siege to oppose the auxiliary forces of Pharaoh-hophra, left his generals to carry on the blockade, he himself not returning to the scene of action, but taking up his station at Riblah in the land of Hamath
(2Ki 23:33).
they gave judgment upon him--They, that is, the council
(Jer 39:3, 13; Da 6:7, 8, 12),
regarding him as a seditious and rebellious vassal, condemned him for violating his oath and neglecting the announcement of the divine will as made known to him by Jeremiah (compare
Jer 32:5; 34:2; 38:17).
His sons and the nobles who had joined in his flight were slain before his eyes
(Jer 39:6; 52:10).
In conformity with Eastern ideas, which consider a blind man incapable of ruling, his eyes were put out, and being put in chains, he was carried to perpetual imprisonment in Babylon
(Jer 52:11),
which, though he came to it, as Ezekiel had foretold, he did not see
(Jer 32:5; Eze 12:13; 17:16).
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8-18. 月初七日……尼布撒拉旦来到——(参
Jer 52:12)。
要调和这两处经文,我们必须假定:他虽在初七日出发,却到初十日才到达耶路撒冷;或者他直到那日才执行命令。他身为护卫长
(Ge 37:36; 39:1),
职责所在是执行对罪犯的判决;因此,尼布撒拉旦虽未参与围攻耶路撒冷
(Jer 39:13),
却被差遣去夷平该城、劫掠圣殿,将二者夷为废墟,拆毁防御工事,并将居民迁往巴比伦。其中最显赫的被带到利比拉的王前
(2Ki 25:27)
处决,因他们煽动并资助叛乱,或因其他原因不容于亚述政府。其人数中包括大祭司西莱雅——他是以斯拉的祖父
(Ezr 7:1),
以及他的 sagan 即副手,是一位次等的祭司
(Jer 21:2; 29:25, 29; 37:3)。
英文原文
8-18. on the seventh day of the month . . . came Nebuzar-adan--(compare
Jer 52:12).
In attempting to reconcile these two passages, it must be supposed either that, though he had set out on the seventh, he did not arrive in Jerusalem till the tenth, or that he did not put his orders in execution till that day. His office as captain of the guard
(Ge 37:36; 39:1)
called him to execute the awards of justice on criminals; and hence, although not engaged in the siege of Jerusalem
(Jer 39:13),
Nebuzar-adan was despatched to rase the city, to plunder the temple, to lay both in ruins, demolish the fortifications, and transport the inhabitants to Babylon. The most eminent of these were taken to the king at Riblah
(2Ki 25:27)
and executed, as instigators and abettors of the rebellion, or otherwise obnoxious to the Assyrian government. In their number were Seraiah, the high priest, grandfather of Ezra
(Ezr 7:1),
his sagan or deputy, a priest of the second order
(Jer 21:2; 29:25, 29; 37:3).
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18. 三个守门的——不是普通的门房,而是利未人中备受信任的高级官员
(2Ki 22:4; 1Ch 9:26)。
英文原文
18. the three keepers of the door--not mere porters, but officers of high trust among the Levites
(2Ki 22:4; 1Ch 9:26).
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19. 五个常见王面的人——即属于王侍从的人。大概起初有五个,后来又发现两个
(Jer 52:25)。
英文原文
19. five men of them that were in the king's presence--that is, who belonged to the royal retinue. It is probable that there were five at first, and that other two were found afterwards
(Jer 52:25).
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22-26. 尼布甲尼撒……立基大利……为省长——获准留下的人,除了王的女儿之外,还有一些侍从及其他人
(Jer 40:7),
他们微不足道,不值得迁走,只有一些能耕地、修整葡萄园的农夫。基大利是耶利米的朋友
(Jer 26:24),
大概因先知的劝告,他认为那城已被神离弃而逃离,便向征服者投降
(Jer 38:2, 17),
被擢升为犹大的省长之后,在米斯巴设立其行省官署。他足以胜任在如此危机中治理的难处。许多逃亡的犹大人,以及随西底家王逃到耶利哥平原的士兵们,都离开藏身之处
(Jer 40:11, 12),
聚集到省长周围;省长既劝他们归顺,便应许他们,只要依从这条件,就以誓言保证他们能保住自己的产业,并享受地的出产
(Jer 40:9)。
英文原文
22-26. Nebuchadnezzar . . . made Gedaliah . . . ruler--The people permitted to remain were, besides the king's daughters, a few court attendants and others
(Jer 40:7)
too insignificant to be removed, only the peasantry who could till the land and dress the vineyards. Gedaliah was Jeremiah's friend
(Jer 26:24),
and having, by the prophet's counsel, probably fled from the city as abandoned of God, he surrendered himself to the conqueror
(Jer 38:2, 17),
and being promoted to the government of Judea, fixed his provincial court at Mizpeh. He was well qualified to surmount the difficulties of ruling at such a crisis. Many of the fugitive Jews, as well as the soldiers of Zedekiah who had accompanied the king in his flight to the plains of Jericho, left their retreats
(Jer 40:11, 12)
and flocked around the governor; who having counselled them to submit, promised them on complying with this condition, security on oath that they would retain their possessions and enjoy the produce of their land
(Jer 40:9).
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25. 以实玛利……王宗室的人,带着十个人来,击杀了基大利——他在亚扪王巴利斯那里寻求庇护,怀着恶念回来,或是出于嫉妒——因省长并非大卫家之后,或是被巴利斯贿赂去谋杀基大利。这位宽宏的省长虽被警告其意图,却不信这报告,更不愿批准一位忠诚朋友所提出的杀以实玛利的建议。结果,他在自己家中款待以实玛利时,被这同一个以实玛利所杀
(Jer 41:1)。
英文原文
25. Ishmael . . . of the seed royal, came, and ten men with him, and smote Gedaliah--He had found refuge with Baalis, king of the Ammonites, and he returned with a bad design, being either instigated by envy of a governor not descended from the house of David, or bribed by Baalis to murder Gedaliah. The generous governor, though apprised of his intentions, refused to credit the report, much less to sanction the proposal made by an attached friend to cut off Ishmael. The consequence was, that he was murdered by this same Ishmael, when entertaining him in his own house
(Jer 41:1).
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26. 所有百姓……都到埃及去了——尽管耶利米力加劝阻
(Jer 43:7, 8),
他们仍在该国各地定居下来
(Jer 44:1)。
英文原文
26. and all the people . . . came to Egypt--In spite of Jeremiah's dissuasions
(Jer 43:7, 8)
they settled in various cities of that country
(Jer 44:1).
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27. 约雅斤被掳后第三十七年——相当于尼布甲尼撒驾崩之年,其子以未米罗达登基之年。
以未米罗达……使约雅斤抬头……对他说恩言——即给予他有条件的释放。据说这种善意源于在监中建立的相熟关系;以未米罗达因尼布甲尼撒患病七年
(Da 4:32, 33)
期间摄政时的某种失职,曾被囚禁至其父驾崩。但毫无疑问,西底家境遇的改善当归功于那位仍对大卫家怀有慈爱旨意之神的掌管与恩典
(2Sa 7:14, 15)。
英文原文
27. seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin--corresponding with the year of Nebuchadnezzar's death, and his son Evil-merodach's ascension to the throne.
Evil-merodach . . . did lift up the head of Jehoiachin . . . and spake kindly--gave him liberty upon parole. This kindly feeling is said to have originated in a familiar acquaintance formed in prison, in which Evil-merodach had lain till his father's death, on account of some malversation while acting as regent during Nebuchadnezzar's seven years' illness
(Da 4:32, 33).
But doubtless the improvement in Zedekiah's condition is to be traced to the overruling providence and grace of Him who still cherished purposes of love to the house of David
(2Sa 7:14, 15).
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29. 约雅斤……常……在他面前吃饭——按东方宫廷的古老习俗,他在大庆之日有座位在王的席上,并有定例的供应以维持其被掳的朝廷。
英文原文
29. Jehoiachin . . . did eat . . . continually before him--According to an ancient usage in Eastern courts, had a seat at the royal table on great days, and had a stated provision granted him for the maintenance of his exiled court.
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Robert Jamieson、A. R. Fausset、David Brown
《圣经全书批判与注释》（1871）
增补、更正与见解请寄给编者
英文原文
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
2Ki 25:1-3.
耶路撒冷 再度 被围
1. 尼布甲尼撒……前来……攻击耶路撒冷——亚述暴君因西底家的背叛而怒不可遏,决意将犹大这个背信弃义、反复无常的王朝彻底终结。本章叙述了他第三次、也是最后一次的入侵;他亲自率领一支从一切藩属国中征募的庞大军队前来。他攻占了该国北部各地,几乎夺取了所有坚固城
(Jer 34:7),
便直扑耶路撒冷加以围困。围城的起讫日期在此都仔细标明(参
Eze 24:1; Jer 39:1; 52:4-6);
由此可见,除了尼布甲尼撒因前往拦截前来救援的埃及人(后者未战而退)而一度中断外,围城持续了一年半之久。能够抵抗如此之久,并非因犹大士兵技艺高超、英勇过人,而是因城防坚固,而王对此又过于信赖(参
Jer 21:1-14; 37:1-38:28)。
对头安营……筑垒——更确切地说,或许是挖掘了围城的壕沟,以防城中有人出城。在这道壁垒之上,架设了抛射器械,用以向城内投射攻器。