1
2Sa 11:1.
英文原文
2Sa 11:1.
JOAB BESIEGES RABBAH.
1. at the time when kings go forth to battle--The return of spring was the usual time of commencing military operations. This expedition took place the year following the war against the Syrians; and it was entered upon because the disaster of the former campaign having fallen chiefly upon the Syrian mercenaries, the Ammonites had not been punished for their insult to the ambassadors.
David sent Joab and his servants . . . they destroyed the children of Ammon--The powerful army that Joab commanded ravaged the Ammonite country and committed great havoc both on the people and their property, until having reached the capital, they besieged Rabbah-- Rabbah denotes a great city. This metropolis of the Ammonites was situated in the mountainous tract of Gilead, not far from the source of the Arnon. Extensive ruins are still found on its site.
2
2Sa 11:2-12.
2Sa 11:2-12.
大卫与拔示巴犯奸淫。
2. 一日傍晚，大卫从床上起来——希伯来人像其他东方人一样，天一亮便起身，正午炎热时总要小睡片刻，随后便在傍晚清凉之时在平顶的台上闲坐。大卫大概是比平常更早登上屋顶享受户外的清凉。
英文原文
2Sa 11:2-12.
DAVID COMMITS ADULTERY WITH BATH-SHEBA.
2. it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off his bed--The Hebrews, like other Orientals, rose at daybreak, and always took a nap during the heat of the day. Afterwards they lounged in the cool of the evening on their flat-roofed terraces. It is probable that David had ascended to enjoy the open-air refreshment earlier than usual.
3
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3. 有人告诉大卫说——按原文是「他心里说」，
*这不是拔示巴吗？*等等——她似乎是一位有名的美人，其艳名早已传入大卫耳中，正如东方常见的情形，是女人们从后宫传到后宫的消息。
拔示巴，以连的女儿——或作亚米利
（代上3:5）， 是大卫的勇士之一
（撒下23:34）， 也是亚希多弗的儿子。
英文原文
3. one said--literally, "he said to himself,"
Is not this Bath-sheba? &c.--She seems to have been a celebrated beauty, whose renown had already reached the ears of David, as happens in the East, from reports carried by the women from harem to harem.
Bath-sheba, the daughter of Eliam--or Ammiel
(1Ch 3:5),
one of David's worthies
(2Sa 23:34),
and son of Ahithophel.
4
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4. 大卫差遣使者去将她接来——东方的专制君王一旦看中某个女子，便差官到她家中，宣告王命要她迁入王宫。宫中便分给她一处住处；她若被封为王后，王便下令宣告他已选她为王后。近代东方史中有许多事例表明，这样的次等婚事是何等轻易迅速地缔结，一位新的美人又是何等容易地被添入王的后宫。但大卫却不得不向拔示巴作出承诺，或者更准确地说是一项明确的约定，她才肯顺从王意
（王上1:13、15、17、28）；
因为除了她超群的容貌之外，她似乎在谋取所图之事上也是一位才智出众、手腕高明的女子；她能确保自己的儿子继承王位；她能迅速通报自己怀孕的消息；她能积极挫败亚多尼雅本可指望继承王位的念头；她在身为王母时所显的尊严——这一切都强烈显出她在大卫身上所取得并维持的影响力；而大卫也许有充分的闲暇和机会，从多方面发现这不幸结合所招致的刑罚［泰勒，《卡尔梅特》］。
英文原文
4. David sent messengers, and took her--The despotic kings of the East, when they take a fancy for a woman, send an officer to the house were she lives, who announces it to be the royal pleasure she should remove to the palace. An apartment is there assigned to her; and if she is made queen, the monarch orders the announcement to be made that he has made choice of her to be queen. Many instances in modern Oriental history show the ease and despatch with which such secondary marriages are contracted, and a new beauty added to the royal seraglio. But David had to make a promise, or rather an express stipulation, to Bath-sheba, before she complied with the royal will
(1Ki 1:13, 15, 17, 28);
for in addition to her transcendent beauty, she appears to have been a woman of superior talents and address in obtaining the object of her ambition; in her securing that her son should succeed on the throne; in her promptitude to give notice of her pregnancy; in her activity in defeating Adonijah's natural expectation of succeeding to the crown; in her dignity as the king's mother--in all this we see very strong indications of the ascendency she gained and maintained over David, who, perhaps, had ample leisure and opportunity to discover the punishment of this unhappy connection in more ways than one [TAYLOR, Calmet].
5
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5. 女人怀了孕，就差人去告诉大卫——立即采取一些遮掩其罪的措施是必要的，既是为王的体面，也是为她的安全，因为淫妇的刑罚乃是死
（利20:10）。
英文原文
5. the woman conceived, and sent and told David--Some immediate measures of concealing their sin were necessary, as well for the king's honor as for her safety, for death was the punishment of an adulteress
(Le 20:10).
8
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8. 大卫对乌利亚说，你下到你家里去——这突然的召回、王的态度、他那些无关紧要的问话
（撒下11:7），
以及催促乌利亚在自己家里安歇的急切，大概引起了人对此举缘由的疑心。
王又赐他一分食物——从王席上赐一分肉食到某人自己的家中或住所，是东方君王所能给予的最大恭维之一。
英文原文
8. David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house--This sudden recall, the manner of the king, his frivolous questions
(2Sa 11:7),
and his urgency for Uriah to sleep in his own house, probably awakened suspicions of the cause of this procedure.
there followed him a mess of meat from the king--A portion of meat from the royal table, sent to one's own house or lodgings, is one of the greatest compliments which an Eastern prince can pay.
9
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9. 乌利亚却睡在王宫门外——仆人们惯于在门廊或长廊里睡觉；希伯来王的卫士也是如此。无论他心中暗藏什么疑虑，乌利亚不肯享受家庭的安乐，决意睡「在王宫门外」，都是出于一种高尚而可敬的军职本分感和体统观念
（撒下11:11）。
但毫无疑问，乌利亚的这一决心也受那从恶中带出善来的护理所掌管；那护理也将这段沉痛的插曲记下来，作为教会的警戒。
英文原文
9. But Uriah slept at the door of the king's house--It is customary for servants to sleep in the porch or long gallery; and the guards of the Hebrew king did the same. Whatever his secret suspicions might have been, Uriah's refusal to indulge in the enjoyment of domestic pleasure, and his determination to sleep "at the door of the king's house," arose from a high and honorable sense of military duty and propriety
(2Sa 11:11).
But, doubtless, the resolution of Uriah was overruled by that Providence which brings good out of evil, and which has recorded this sad episode for the warning of the church.
14
2Sa 11:14-27.
2Sa 11:14-27.
乌利亚被杀。
14、15. 大卫写信给约押，交乌利亚随手带去……要派乌利亚在前线最险之处——王先用各种手段和诡计试图哄骗乌利亚，最后竟诉诸谋杀的可怖罪行——亲手将信交给那位英勇却深受冤屈的兵士本人去送的那种冷血残忍，拉拢约押同作罪伙，假意举哀的冷酷，以及与拔示巴成婚的轻率仓促——这一切在大卫的品格上留下了不可磨灭的污点，并痛苦而令人羞愧地证明：即使是最好的人，一旦失去神约束的恩典，也可能堕落到何等可怕的地步。
英文原文
2Sa 11:14-27.
URIAH SLAIN.
14, 15. David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah . . . Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle--The various arts and stratagems by which the king tried to cajole Uriah, till at last he resorted to the horrid crime of murder--the cold-blooded cruelty of despatching the letter by the hands of the gallant but much-wronged soldier himself, the enlistment of Joab to be a partaker of his sin, the heartless affectation of mourning, and the indecent haste of his marriage with Bath-sheba--have left an indelible stain upon the character of David, and exhibit a painfully humiliating proof of the awful lengths to which the best of men may go when they forfeit the restraining grace of God.
2Sa 11:1.
约押围攻拉巴。
1. 到列王出战的时候——春季来临是发动军事行动的惯常时节。这次出征发生在与亚兰人交战的次年；之所以起兵，是因为上一战的灾祸主要落在亚兰雇佣兵身上，亚扪人侮辱使者之罪尚未受罚。
大卫差派约押和臣仆……他们毁灭了亚扪人——约押所统率的强大军队蹂躏了亚扪之地，对人丁和财物都造成极大的毁坏，直到兵临其京都，便围攻拉巴——「拉巴」意为大城。这座亚扪人的都会位于基列的山地之中，离亚嫩河的发源地不远。如今其故址上仍有大片废墟。