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2Sa 19:1-8.
英文原文
2Sa 19:1-8.
JOAB CAUSES THE KING TO CEASE MOURNING.
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3. 百姓偷偷地……进城去了——王愁苦不堪的消息传出，使全城笼罩着一种不合时宜的阴郁。他的军队本应像常胜之师那样被以音乐和其他公众欢庆的场面欢迎归来，如今却像犯了罪似的，偷偷地、无声无息地溜进城去。
英文原文
3. the people gat them by stealth . . . to the city--The rumor of the king's disconsolate condition spread a universal and unseasonable gloom. His troops, instead of being welcomed back (as a victorious army always was) with music and other demonstrations of public joy, slunk secretly and silently into the city, as if ashamed after the commission of some crime.
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4. 王蒙着脸——这是举哀的惯常标志之一（参见
撒下15:30的注释）。
英文原文
4. the king covered his face--one of the usual signs of mourning (see on
2Sa 15:30).
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5. 你使……你众仆人的脸面羞愧——因为你退避一旁沉溺于哀伤之中，好像他们的服事令你不悦、他们的忠诚使你厌烦。你不但没有以欢喜和感激迎接他们归来，反而连让他们见你一面这点小小的满足也拒绝了。约押的谏诤是对的，也是必要的，但他的态度粗暴。他是那样一种人，因自己态度的傲慢而损害了所要紧的服事，又总是使受他服事之人产生一种受恩于他的感觉。他以一种臣子对君王所不应有的倨傲口吻对大卫说话。
英文原文
5. Thou hast shamed . . . the faces of all thy servants--by withdrawing thyself to indulge in grief, as if their services were disagreeable and their devotion irksome to thee. Instead of hailing their return with joy and gratitude, thou hast refused them the small gratification of seeing thee. Joab's remonstrance was right and necessary, but it was made with harshness. He was one of those persons who spoil their important services by the insolence of their manners, and who always awaken a feeling of obligation in those to whom they render any services. He spoke to David in a tone of hauteur that ill became a subject to show towards his king.
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7. 现在你要起来，出去对你仆人说安慰的话——王觉得约押的责备有理；但约押用以加强其议的威胁，既建立在他在军中无上的威望之上，便显明他是一个危险的人物；加上他又违背了王要为他的缘故恩待押沙龙的明令，这一切在大卫心中造成了根深蒂固的仇恨，在他临终给所罗门的嘱咐中表露无遗。
英文原文
7. Now . . . arise, go forth, and speak comfortably unto thy servants--The king felt the truth of Joab's reprimand; but the threat by which it was enforced, grounded as it was on the general's unbounded popularity with the army, showed him to be a dangerous person; and that circumstance, together with the violation of an express order to deal gently for his sake with Absalom, produced in David's mind a settled hatred, which was strongly manifested in his last directions to Solomon.
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8. 王起来，坐在城门口——他每日都到听讼的惯常之处出现。
众百姓都来到王面前——即那些忠于他的政府、为他事业而战的本地忠良之民。
以色列人已经逃跑了——即押沙龙的党羽，他们在他败亡之时四散逃命。
英文原文
8. the king arose, and sat in the gate--He appeared daily in the usual place for the hearing of causes.
all the people came before the king--that is, the loyal natives who had been faithful to his government, and fought in his cause.
Israel had fled--that is, the adherents of Absalom, who, on his defeat, had dispersed and saved themselves by flight.
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2Sa 19:9-43.
2Sa 19:9-43.
以色列人将王请回来。
9-11. 以色列各支派的人都在那里争论——全国完全陷于混乱。三派不同的意见见于
撒下19:9、10：
保王派、人数众多的押沙龙党羽、以及对大卫王朝漠不关心的人。在这样的情形下，王不急于像征服者那样回去重登宝座，是对的。在某种程度上，重新拥立是必要的。他在约旦河那边停留了一段时间，等候被请回来。这邀请果然发出了，却并没有犹大的参与。大卫因自己支派明显的冷淡而失望不快，便差遣两位大祭司去激发犹大人，使他们对自己的事业显出积极的热心。这是一位老练政治家的手腕。希伯仑既是叛乱的发源地，他鼓励他们重归效忠和本分，便显得格外得体；这也是对他们荣誉的呼吁，叫他们不要落到众支派的最后。但这单独的传话和对他们的偏爱，却在其他支派中引发了嫉妒的爆发，几乎带来致命的后果［见
撒下19:40-43］。
英文原文
2Sa 19:9-43.
THE ISRAELITES BRING THE KING BACK.
9-11. all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel--The kingdom was completely disorganized. The sentiments of three different parties are represented in
2Sa 19:9, 10:
the royalists, the adherents of Absalom who had been very numerous, and those who were indifferent to the Davidic dynasty. In these circumstances the king was right in not hastening back, as a conqueror, to reascend his throne. A re-election was, in some measure, necessary. He remained for some time on the other side of Jordan, in expectation of being invited back. That invitation was given without, however, the concurrence of Judah. David, disappointed and vexed by his own tribe's apparent lukewarmness, despatched the two high priests to rouse the Judahites to take a prominent interest in his cause. It was the act of a skilful politician. Hebron having been the seat of the rebellion, it was graceful on his part to encourage their return to allegiance and duty; it was an appeal to their honor not to be the last of the tribes. But this separate message, and the preference given to them, occasioned an outburst of jealousy among the other tribes that was nearly followed by fatal consequences [see
2Sa 19:40-43].
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13. 你们要对亚玛撒说等等——这也是一着巧妙的政治手腕。大卫深知，要扑灭这场叛乱，从其背后撤走唯一能使它延续下去的首领至关重要；因此他暗中示意有意要提升亚玛撒来代替约押作全军元帅，因为约押的专横傲慢已令人无法忍受。王有充分的理由相信，凭他的天性以及对王赦免之恩的感激，他必是一个更易驾驭的仆人；大卫无疑也真心打算履行这一诺言。但约押设法保住了自己的高位（参见
撒下20:4-10的注释）。
英文原文
13. And say ye to Amasa, &c.--This also was a dextrous stroke of policy. David was fully alive to the importance, for extinguishing the rebellion, of withdrawing from that cause the only leader who could keep it alive; and he, therefore, secretly intimated his intention to raise Amasa to the command of the army in the place of Joab, whose overbearing haughtiness had become intolerable. The king justly reckoned, that from natural temper as well as gratitude for the royal pardon, he would prove a more tractable servant; and David, doubtless, intended in all sincerity to fulfil this promise. But Joab managed to retain his high position (see on
2Sa 20:4-10).
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14. 他使犹大众人的心都倾向他——即已被争取过来的亚玛撒，运用他的巨大影响力，使整个犹大支派重新归附大卫的事业。
英文原文
14. he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah--that is, Amasa, who had been won over, used his great influence in re-attaching the whole tribe of Judah to the interest of David.
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15. 犹大人来到吉甲——这是最便利的地方，可在此为护送王和朝廷渡过约旦河作好准备。
英文原文
15. Judah came to Gilgal--the most convenient place where preparations could be made for bringing the king and court over the Jordan.
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16-23. 示每……同着他有一千便雅悯人——示每这番展示他的随从，是要表明他能为主或助王而召集多少兵力。他对先前粗暴的行径表达了最深的懊悔，便当场蒙了赦免；虽然洗鲁雅的儿子力主当以这位首领作为惩戒众人的榜样，他的多事却被大卫以宽宏之心驳回；并且大卫如今既已重新稳固于国度之中，便更有把握（参见
王上2:8的注释）。
英文原文
16-23. Shemei . . . a thousand men of Benjamin with him--This display of [Shemei's] followers was to show what force he could raise against or in support of the king. Expressing the deepest regret for his former outrageous conduct, he was pardoned on the spot; and although the son of Zeruiah urged the expediency of making this chief a public example, his officiousness was repulsed by David with magnanimity, and with the greater confidence that he felt himself now re-established in the kingdom (see on
1Ki 2:8).
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17. 扫罗家的仆人洗巴——他欺骗了主人；当被吩咐备驴好让瘸腿的王子去迎接王时，他却自己溜走，先去讨好逢迎；于是米非波设因腿瘸，只好留在耶路撒冷，直到王来到。
英文原文
17. Ziba, the servant of the house of Saul--He had deceived his master; and when ordered to make ready the ass for the lame prince to go and meet the king, he slipped away by himself to pay court first; so that Mephibosheth, being lame, had to remain in Jerusalem till the king's arrival.
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18. 渡船——大概是木筏，至今那一带的河上仍有人使用。
英文原文
18. ferry boat--probably rafts, which are still used on that part of the river.
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20. 我如今是约瑟全家中最先下来的——即在以色列其余众人以先
（诗77:15；80:1；81:5；亚10:6）。
英文原文
20. I am come the first . . . of all the house of Joseph--that is, before all the rest of Israel
(Ps 77:15; 80:1; 81:5; Zec 10:6).
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24-30. 米非波设……下到王那里迎接王——大卫对米非波设的接待却不那么光彩。那位王子对王所遭患难的忧伤之真诚，不容置疑。
他没有修脚——即没有沐浴，
没有胡须——希伯来人剃去上唇（参见
利13:45的注释）
和两颊的胡须，却精心蓄留从耳到耳的下巴胡须。除了将它染成黑色或红色（不过这在东方是例外而非通则）之外，修剪的方式有多种：有的把它梳成厚密蓬松、鼓胀而圆的形状；有的则让它如金字塔般收成尖头。无论何种方式，胡须总是极其精心地修剪；他们通常随身带着一把专用的小梳子。他对自己胡须的疏忽，乃是米非波设忧伤之深的确凿证据。王似乎是带着责备的口吻接待了他，对他究竟有罪无罪也并不十分确定。在此案中，大卫那轻慢的态度固不可取，他那偏颇的判决也同样不可赞同。他若因情势紧迫、心绪纷乱而无暇详查此事，便应当延迟判决；因为「平分那地」
（撒下19:29）
若是指维持先前的安排——米非波设被承认是业主，洗巴是佃户——那么给业主强加一个如此恶意诽谤过他的佃户，便是对业主的苛待。但若「平分那地」是指他们如今要均分，则这判决的不公便更大了。无论如何，米非波设所表现的慷慨无私的胸怀，不愧为心地高尚的约拿单之子。
英文原文
24-30. Mephibosheth . . . came down to meet the king--The reception given to Mephibosheth was less creditable to David. The sincerity of that prince's grief for the misfortunes of the king cannot be doubted.
He had neither dressed his feet--not taken the bath,
nor trimmed his beard--The Hebrews cut off the hair on the upper lip (see on
Le 13:45),
and cheeks, but carefully cherished it on the chin from ear to ear. Besides dyeing it black or red colors, which, however, is the exception, and not the rule in the East, there are various modes of trimming it: they train it into a massy, bushy form, swelling and round; or they terminate it like a pyramid, in a sharp point. Whatever the mode, it is always trimmed with the greatest care; and they usually carry a small comb for the purpose. The neglect of this attention to his beard was an undoubted proof of the depth of Mephibosheth's grief. The king seems to have received him upbraidingly, and not to have been altogether sure either of his guilt or innocence. It is impossible to commend the cavalier treatment, any more than to approve the partial award, of David in this case. If he were too hurried and distracted by the pressure of circumstances to inquire fully into the matter, he should have postponed his decision; for if by "dividing the land"
(2Sa 19:29)
he meant that the former arrangement should be continued by which Mephibosheth was acknowledged the proprietor, and Ziba the farmer, it was a hardship inflicted on the owner to fix him with a tenant who had so grossly slandered him. But if by "dividing the land," they were now to share alike, the injustice of the decision was greatly increased. In any view, the generous, disinterested spirit displayed by Mephibosheth was worthy a son of the noble-hearted Jonathan.
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31-40. 基列人巴西莱——这位基列首领的身份、高龄和侠义的奉献，赢得了我们的敬意。他拒绝前往朝廷、他对自己儿子的举荐、他护送王渡过约旦河，以及他与王离别时的情景，都是饶有趣味的事件。王赐给金罕什么恩宠的记号，未有记载；但大卫大概将自己伯利恒个人世袭产业的一大部分，永远赐给了金罕和他的后裔
（耶41:17）。
英文原文
31-40. Barzillai the Gileadite--The rank, great age, and chivalrous devotion of this Gileadite chief wins our respect. His declining to go to court, his recommendation of his son, his convoy across the Jordan, and his parting scene with the king, are interesting incidents. What mark of royal favor was bestowed on Chimham has not been recorded; but it is probable that David gave a great part of his personal patrimony in Beth-lehem to Chimham and his heirs in perpetuity
(Jer 41:17).
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35. 歌唱的男女的声音——职业乐师组成的乐队，是东方君王朝廷的重要附属。
英文原文
35. the voice of singing men and singing women--Bands of professional musicians form a prominent appendage to the courts of Oriental princes.
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37. 葬在我父母的坟墓旁边——这是东方人对家族专用墓地所怀强烈感情的一个例证。
英文原文
37. buried by the grave of my father and of my mother--This is an instance of the strong affection of people in the East towards the places of sepulture appropriated to their families.
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40-43. 王过去到吉甲……犹大众人和以色列百姓的一半，也送王过去——无论因急于前行还是别的原因，大卫并未等到众支派都来护送他回京。亚玛撒一带着犹大的护送队伍来到，游行便开始了；而这一支派所得的优先，引发了激烈的嫉妒，几乎燃起一场比刚结束的更为猛烈的内战。各支派之间随即起了言语之争——以色列人以其人数之多为论据：「他们在王身上有十分」，而犹大不过一分。犹大则以与王更为亲近的血缘关系为其带头之权的依据。这一主张对大卫家族是危险的；它表明那不久便导致国家分裂的支派纷争之种，此时已经播下了。
英文原文
40-43. the king went on to Gilgal, . . . and all the people of Judah conducted the king, and also half the people of Israel--Whether from impatience to move on or from some other cause, David did not wait till all the tribes had arrived to conduct him on his return to the capital. The procession began as soon as Amasa had brought the Judahite escort, and the preference given to this tribe produced a bitter jealousy, which was nearly kindling a civil war fiercer than that which had just ended. A war of words ensued between the tribes--Israel resting their argument on their superior numbers; "they had ten parts in the king," whereas Judah had no more than one. Judah grounded their right to take the lead, on the ground of their nearer relationship to the king. This was a claim dangerous to the house of David; and it shows the seeds were already sown for that tribal dissension which, before long, led to the dismemberment of the kingdom.
2Sa 19:1-8.
约押使王停止哀哭。