1
2Sa 5:1-5.
英文原文
2Sa 5:1-5.
THE TRIBES ANOINT DAVID KING OVER ISRAEL.
1, 2. Then came all the tribes of Israel--a combined deputation of the leading authorities in every tribe. [See on
1Ch 11:1.]
David possessed the first and indispensable qualification for the throne; namely, that of being an Israelite
(De 17:15).
Of his military talent he had furnished ample proof. And the people's desire for his assumption of the government of Israel was further increased by their knowledge of the will and purpose of God, as declared by Samuel
(1Sa 16:11-13).
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3. 大卫王在希伯仑耶和华面前与他们立约——（参见
撒上10:17的注释）。
这种正式的宪政宣告，主要是在新王朝开创之时，或篡位之后王室复位之时举行
（王下11:17），
虽然有时因情势所需，也在新君即位时重新举行
（王上12:4）。
此事似乎伴有宗教的庄严仪式。
英文原文
3. King David made a league with them in Hebron before the Lord--(see on
1Sa 10:17).
This formal declaration of the constitution was chiefly made at the commencement of a new dynasty, or at the restoration of the royal family after a usurpation
(2Ki 11:17),
though circumstances sometimes led to its being renewed on the accession of any new sovereign
(1Ki 12:4).
It seems to have been accompanied by religious solemnities.
6
2Sa 5:6-12.
2Sa 5:6-12.
他从耶布斯人手中夺取锡安。
6. 王和跟随他的人到了耶路撒冷，向耶布斯人——大卫作为全国之王的第一次出征，便是针对这地，此地至今仍在原住民手中。它防御坚固，被视为固若金汤，以致耶布斯人派瞎子和瘸子来守城垛，讥诮地嘲弄这位希伯来王的进攻，并喊叫说：「大卫不能进这里来。」要明白这句侮辱性的讥诮之全部含义和分量，必须记得基训谷的深陡，以及古迦南堡垒的高墙。
英文原文
2Sa 5:6-12.
HE TAKES ZION FROM THE JEBUSITES.
6. the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites--The first expedition of David, as king of the whole country, was directed against this place, which had hitherto remained in the hands of the natives. It was strongly fortified and deemed so impregnable that the blind and lame were sent to man the battlements, in derisive mockery of the Hebrew king's attack, and to shout, "David cannot come in hither." To understand the full meaning and force of this insulting taunt, it is necessary to bear in mind the depth and steepness of the valley of Gihon, and the lofty walls of the ancient Canaanitish fortress.
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7. 锡安的保障——无论锡安是一般所称的西南山，还是圣殿山以北如今已夷平的山峰，它都是从四面八方都能映入眼帘的高耸之处——耶路撒冷的「山冈堡垒」、「盘石保障」。
英文原文
7. the stronghold of Zion--Whether Zion be the southwestern hill commonly so-called, or the peak now level on the north of the temple mount, it is the towering height which catches the eye from every quarter--"the hill fort," "the rocky hold" of Jerusalem.
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8. 谁上水沟——有人认为这是指一条地下通道；有人认为是指一根水管，攻城者常用火焚烧城门的木结构，水便由此倾注其上，技艺高超的攀登者可借其突出之处登城；第三派则将这话译作「谁将他们摔在悬崖上」
（代上11:6）。
英文原文
8. Whosoever getteth up to the gutter--This is thought by some to mean a subterranean passage; by others a spout through which water was poured upon the fire which the besiegers often applied to the woodwork at the gateways, and by the projections of which a skilful climber might make his ascent good; a third class render the words, "whosoever dasheth them against the precipice"
(1Ch 11:6).
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9. 大卫住在保障里等等——他既以猛攻取了它，便将其改名为「大卫城」，以表明此次征服的重要性，并使此事永志不忘。
大卫从米罗起，四围建造——大概是一排石造的碉堡，建在锡安山的北侧，是大卫为防备尚住在城低处的耶布斯人而建的。米罗之屋大概是那道城墙的主要角楼。
英文原文
9. David dwelt in the fort, &c.--Having taken it by storm, he changed its name to "the city of David," to signify the importance of the conquest, and to perpetuate the memory of the event.
David built round about from Millo and inward--probably a row of stone bastions placed on the northern side of Mount Zion, and built by David to secure himself on that side from the Jebusites, who still lived in the lower part of the city. The house of Millo was perhaps the principal corner tower of that fortified wall.
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11、12. 希兰……差遣木匠和石匠来——推罗的建筑师和工匠涌入，清楚地表明以色列中较好的工匠因长期战乱所造成的紊乱，已衰落到了何等低下的地步。
英文原文
11, 12. Hiram . . . sent carpenters, and masons--The influx of Tyrian architects and mechanics affords a clear evidence of the low state to which, through the disorders of long-continued war, the better class of artisans had declined in Israel.
13
2Sa 5:13-16.
2Sa 5:13-16.
他得了十一个儿子。
13. 大卫又立后妃——大卫此举违犯了明文的律法，这律法禁止以色列的王为自己多立妃嫔
（申17:17）。
英文原文
2Sa 5:13-16.
ELEVEN SONS BORN TO HIM.
13. David took him more concubines and wives--In this conduct David transgressed an express law, which forbade the king of Israel to multiply wives unto himself
(De 17:17).
17
2Sa 5:17-25.
2Sa 5:17-25.
他击打非利士人。
17. 非利士人听见人膏大卫作以色列王——在扫罗家与大卫家的内争期间，那些躁动的邻邦一直袖手旁观。如今他们嫉妒大卫，决意趁他的政权尚未稳固之前攻击他。
英文原文
2Sa 5:17-25.
HE SMITES THE PHILISTINES.
17. when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel--During the civil war between the house of Saul and David, those restless neighbors had remained quiet spectators of the contest. But now, jealous of David, they resolved to attack him before his government was fully established.
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18. 利乏音谷——即「巨人谷」，是一片广阔肥沃的平原，从中部山地向西北方逐渐下降。这是他们进军耶路撒冷所走的路径。大卫下去的那「山寨」，是「一处设防之地，他可以在那里阻挡入侵者的进路」，并在那里显著地击败了他们。
英文原文
18. valley of Rephaim--that is, "of giants," a broad and fertile plain, which descends gradually from the central mountains towards the northwest. It was the route by which they marched against Jerusalem. The "hold" to which David went down "was some fortified place where he might oppose the progress of the invaders," and where he signally defeated them.
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21. 他们将偶像撇在那里——大概是他们的「家神」或家宅神明，是他们带进战场替他们争战的。这些偶像按律法的规定被焚烧了
（申7:5）。
英文原文
21. there they left their images--probably their "lares" or household deities, which they had brought into the field to fight for them. They were burnt as ordained by law
(De 7:5).
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22. 非利士人又上来——次年他们以更大的兵力重新发起敌对行动，但神显然为大卫亲自干预。
英文原文
22. the Philistines came up yet again--The next year they renewed their hostile attempt with a larger force, but God manifestly interposed in David's favor.
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24. 桑树梢上有脚步的声音——如今一般认为那不是桑树，而是别的树，极可能是白杨——它喜生于潮湿之处，其叶子即便空气有最轻微的流动也会沙沙作响［罗伊尔］。
英文原文
24. the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees--now generally thought not to be mulberry trees, but some other tree, most probably the poplar, which delights in moist situations, and the leaves of which are rustled by the slightest movement of the air [ROYLE].
2Sa 5:1-5.
众支派膏大卫作以色列王。
1、2. 于是以色列各支派都来——这是各支派中掌权领袖所组成的联合代表团。 ［参见
代上11:1的注释。］
大卫具备登上王位所不可或缺的首要资格，即他本是以色列人
（申17:15）。
至于他的军事才能，他已有充分的证据显明。百姓之所以更加盼望他起来治理以色列，也是因他们知道神借撒母耳所宣告的旨意和计划
（撒上16:11-13）。