1
De 12:1-15.
英文原文
De 12:1-15.
MONUMENTS OF IDOLATRY TO BE DESTROYED.
1. These are the statutes and judgments, which ye shall observe--Having in the preceding chapter inculcated upon the Israelites the general obligation to fear and love God, Moses here enters into a detail of some special duties they were to practise on their obtaining possession of the promised land.
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2. 你们要将所赶出国民事奉神的各地方，都毁坏了——这条神的命令是基于人性的倾向；因为将一切与偶像崇拜相关的事物从眼前除尽，使之不再被提起、不留丝毫痕迹，乃是使以色列人免受其诱惑的唯一有效方法。值得注意的是，摩西并未提及庙宇，因为在那个早期还没有这样的建筑。被选作异教敬拜场所的「地方」，要么在高山的山顶，要么在人工堆成的土墩上，要么在以特定树木（如橡树、白杨、榆树）栽种的树林中
（赛 57:5-7； 何 4:13）。
选择这些地点，既是为了求得清静，也是为了引导人的注意力向上仰望上天；那「地方」不过是一处分别为圣的围地，充其量不过是一顶遮蔽风雨的罩棚或屏风。
英文原文
2. Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations which ye shall possess served their gods--This divine command was founded on the tendencies of human nature; for to remove out of sight everything that had been associated with idolatry, that it might never be spoken of and no vestige of it remain, was the only effectual way to keep the Israelites from temptations to it. It is observable that Moses does not make any mention of temples, for such buildings were not in existence at that early period. The "places" chosen as the scene of heathen worship were situated either on the summit of a lofty mountain, or on some artificial mound, or in a grove, planted with particular trees, such as oaks, poplars, and elms
(Isa 57:5-7; Ho 4:13).
The reason for the selection of such sites was both to secure retirement and to direct the attention upward to heaven; and the "place" was nothing else than a consecrated enclosure, or at most, a canopy or screen from the weather.
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3. 也要拆毁他们的祭坛——即草皮或小石堆。
打碎他们的柱像——在雕刻技艺为人所知以前，偶像的"像"不过是涂彩的石块而已。
英文原文
3. And ye shall overthrow their altars--piles of turf or small stones.
and break their pillars--Before the art of sculpture was known, the statues of idols were only rude blocks of colored stones.
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5. 耶和华你们神所选择……立为自己名的居所……你要到那里去——他们既被禁止以异教不洁迷信的方式敬拜，也不得在异教徒常去的任何地方敬拜。神要亲自选择一个供所有支派共同集合的特定地点；选择一个共同的地点举行庄严的宗教礼仪，是属神的智慧之举，旨在护卫真宗教。此举极其有利于防止他们因常去丛林和山冈而渗入的腐败——保持敬拜的统一，并使他们的信心始终指向那为他们一切祭物所预表的主。这地先后是米斯巴、示罗，尤其是耶路撒冷。但在摩西所有提及的话中，从未提到这地的名字。这种刻意的沉默，部分是为了防备迦南人——这地在其境内——集中兵力挫败一切取得的指望；部分是为了避免对这样重要之地的渴望成为希伯来各支派之间争竞不和的缘由，正如祭司职任的任命之争一样
(民 16:1-30)。
英文原文
5. unto the place which the Lord your God shall choose . . . to put his name there . . . thou shalt come--They were forbidden to worship either in the impure superstitious manner of the heathen, or in any of the places frequented by them. A particular place for the general rendezvous of all the tribes would be chosen by God Himself; and the choice of one common place for the solemn rites of religion was an act of divine wisdom, for the security of the true religion. It was admirably calculated to prevent the corruption which would otherwise have crept in from their frequenting groves and high hills--to preserve uniformity of worship and keep alive their faith in Him to whom all their sacrifices pointed. The place was successively Mizpeh, Shiloh, and especially Jerusalem. But in all the references made to it by Moses, the name is never mentioned. This studied silence was maintained partly lest the Canaanites within whose territories it lay might have concentrated their forces to frustrate all hopes of obtaining it; partly lest the desire of possessing a place of such importance might have become a cause of strife or rivalry amongst the Hebrew tribes, as about the appointment to the priesthood
(Nu 16:1-30).
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7. 在那里……在耶和华面前吃——即
(申 12:6)
所提之物；当然不包括归给祭司的那部分——在圣所设立之处，以及百姓可自由出入居住的圣城各区内。
英文原文
7. there ye shall eat before the Lord--of the things mentioned
(De 12:6);
but of course, none of the parts assigned to the priests before the Lord--in the place where the sanctuary should be established, and in those parts of the Holy City which the people were at liberty to frequent and inhabit.
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12. 你们在耶和华你们的神面前欢乐，你们和你们的儿女等——由此可见，虽然只有男丁奉命在每年的严肃节期朝见神
(出 23:17)，
妇女却可以随行
(撒上 1:3-23)。
英文原文
12. ye shall rejoice before the Lord your God, ye, and your sons, and your daughters, &c.--Hence it appears that, although males only were commanded to appear before God at the annual solemn feasts
(Ex 23:17),
the women were allowed to accompany them
(1Sa 1:3-23).
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15. 然而在你各城里，你都可以照耶和华你神所赐你的福分，随心所欲地宰牲吃肉——在旷野期间，凡定为食物的牲畜，无论是牛是山羊是绵羊，都要奉命在会幕门口献为平安祭，其血要洒，其脂油要由祭司在坛上焚烧。因营盘环绕祭坛，这种为防止偶像崇拜而定的做法容易实行。但进入应许之地定居后，在会幕宰牲的义务便被取消。百姓获准在他们的城中或家中预备肉食。
正如耶和华你神所赐给你的福——生活方式应当与自己的境况和财力相称——奢靡放纵永不能得神的赐福。
洁净人和不洁净人都可以吃——此处的"不洁净人"指那些有轻微不洁、虽不致被排斥于社交之外，却不得吃任何圣肉的人
(利 7:20)。
他们可以自由享用普通食物。
羚羊——即瞪羚。
和鹿一样——叙利亚鹿（Cervus barbatus）介于我们的红鹿与黄鹿之间，其特征是角上从下数第二叉缺失，以及要到第三或第四年才褪去的斑纹毛色。
英文原文
15. Notwithstanding thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates--Every animal designed for food, whether ox, goat, or lamb, was during the abode in the wilderness ordered to be slain as a peace offering at the door of the tabernacle; its blood to be sprinkled, and its fat burnt upon the altar by the priest. The encampment, being then round about the altar, made this practice, appointed to prevent idolatry, easy and practicable. But on the settlement in the promised land, the obligation to slay at the tabernacle was dispensed with. The people were left at liberty to prepare their meat in their cities or homes.
according to the blessing of the Lord thy God which he hath given thee--The style of living should be accommodated to one's condition and means--profuse and riotous indulgence can never secure the divine blessing.
the unclean and the clean may eat thereof--The unclean here are those who were under some slight defilement, which, without excluding them from society, yet debarred them from eating any of the sacred meats
(Le 7:20).
They were at liberty freely to partake of common articles of food.
of the roebuck--the gazelle.
and as of the hart--The Syrian deer (Cervus barbatus) is a species between our red and fallow deer, distinguished by the want of a bis-antler, or second branch on the horns, reckoning from below, and for a spotted livery which is effaced only in the third or fourth year.
16
De 12:16-25.
申 12:16-25.
血被禁食。
16. 不可吃血，要倒在地上如同倒水一样——吃血喝血这种反常习俗的禁令，是伴随着神宣布将动物肉赐给人作食物而颁布的
(创 9:4)，
这禁令为摩西所屡次重申，与律法的重大目的——防止偶像崇拜，并将祭牲之血分别为圣归于神——相关。但至于为食物而宰之牲畜的血，则可随意流放、如水一般倒在地上——只因体面起见，并为防止一切偶像崇拜的风险，当用土掩盖
(利 17:13)，
以反对异教猎户将血暴露作为猎神之祭的做法。
英文原文
De 12:16-25.
BLOOD PROHIBITED.
16. ye shall not eat the blood; ye shall pour it upon the earth as water--The prohibition against eating or drinking blood as an unnatural custom accompanied the announcement of the divine grant of animal flesh for food
(Ge 9:4),
and the prohibition was repeatedly renewed by Moses with reference to the great objects of the law
(Le 17:12),
the prevention of idolatry, and the consecration of the sacrificial blood to God. In regard, however, to the blood of animals slain for food, it might be shed without ceremony and poured on the ground as a common thing like water--only for the sake of decency, as well as for preventing all risk of idolatry, it was to be covered over with earth
(Le 17:13),
in opposition to the practice of heathen sportsmen, who left it exposed as an offering to the god of the chase.
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22-28. 你吃羚羊与鹿一般，你也要这样吃等——在旷野中猎得的野味，本来就不必带到会幕门口。百姓如今在宰杀家畜上，可像宰杀野兽一样自由。允许狩猎并使用鹿肉为食，对以色列人无疑是一大恩惠；不仅在旷野中如此，在定居迦南后亦然，因为黎巴嫩、迦密和基列等盛产鹿的山地，可以借此为他们提供丰盛的美食。
英文原文
22-28. Even as the roebuck and the hart is eaten, so shalt thou eat them, &c.--Game when procured in the wilderness had not been required to be brought to the door of the tabernacle. The people were now to be as free in the killing of domestic cattle as of wild animals. The permission to hunt and use venison for food was doubtless a great boon to the Israelites, not only in the wilderness, but on their settlement in Canaan, as the mountainous ranges of Lebanon, Carmel, and Gilead, on which deer abounded in vast numbers, would thus furnish them with a plentiful and luxuriant repast.
26
De 12:26-32.
申 12:26-32.
圣物当在圣处吃。
26. 惟有你所有的圣物——所提的什一捐
(申 12:17)
不应视为普通的什一捐（那归于利未人，平民以色列人有权同吃），而是其他特别的什一捐或礼物，百姓带到圣所献为平安祭，献上并将所定的份归给祭司之后，他们便与家人朋友一同设宴
(利 27:30)。
英文原文
De 12:26-32.
HOLY THINGS TO BE EATEN IN THE HOLY PLACE.
26. Only thy holy things which thou hast--The tithes mentioned
(De 12:17)
are not to be considered ordinary tithes, which belonged to the Levites, and of which private Israelites had a right to eat; but they are other extraordinary tithes or gifts, which the people carried to the sanctuary to be presented as peace offerings, and on which, after being offered and the allotted portion given to the priest, they feasted with their families and friends
(Le 27:30).
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29, 30. 你要谨慎，免得被引诱随从他们……说，这些国民怎样事奉他们的神——以色列人受迷信的恐惧所影响，过于经常地试图讨好迦南的神明。他们在埃及所受的教育很早就灌输了那一群地方神祇的怪物般的观念——这些神祇期望凡来住在其所保护之地的人都缴纳应得的供物，并严惩新来者供物的疏忽〔WARBURTON〕。
考虑到这种观念在他们中间盛行，我们看到本章结尾那健全警戒的全部力量，正是针对一种埃及的影响而发的。
英文原文
29, 30. Take heed to thyself that thou be not snared by following them . . . saying, How did these nations serve their gods?--The Israelites, influenced by superstitious fear, too often endeavored to propitiate the deities of Canaan. Their Egyptian education had early impressed that bugbear notion of a set of local deities, who expected their dues of all who came to inhabit the country which they honored with their protection, and severely resented the neglect of payment in all newcomers [WARBURTON]. Taking into consideration the prevalence of this idea among them, we see that against an Egyptian influence was directed the full force of the wholesome caution with which this chapter closes.
De 12:1-15.
当毁灭偶像的纪念物。
1. 你们存活于世的日子，要谨守遵行的律例典章乃是这些——摩西在前一章已向以色列人殷殷教导了敬畏与爱神的一般性本分，在此他便详细说明他们一旦得着应许之地之后所当实行的一些具体职责。