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Ex 13:1, 2.
英文原文
Ex 13:1, 2.
THE FIRST-BORN SANCTIFIED.
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2. 以色列中凡头生的,要分别为圣归我——「分别为圣」意即「奉献」,将本来作普通用途之物「分别出来」归为圣用。这义务的基础在于:以色列人的头生之子既蒙特别的恩典,从临到埃及人各家的普遍毁灭中得以保全,便当出于感恩,视他们为耶和华特有的产业(比较
来 12:23)。
英文原文
2. Sanctify unto me all the first-born--To "sanctify" means to "consecrate," to "set apart" from a common to a sacred use. The foundation of this duty rested on the fact that the Israelites, having had their first-born preserved by a distinguishing act of grace from the general destruction that overtook the families of the Egyptians, were bound in token of gratitude to consider them as the Lord's peculiar property (compare
Heb 12:23).
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Ex 13:3-10.
出埃及记 13:3-10.
记念 逾越节
3. 摩西对百姓说:记念这日——这日子使他们有了民族的存在,并使他们进入独立自由的权利,理当长存在希伯来人和他们后裔的记忆之中;且考虑到其中所显的神特别的干预,不仅当永远记念,更当敬虔地记念。
为奴之家——字面作「奴仆之家」——即奴役而卑贱的境况。
因为耶和华用大能的手将你们从这地方领出来——以色列人的得释,若不是借着可畏的神之刑罚,从埃及暴君手中夺来,断不能得到,正如摩西起初奉差之时所宣告的
(出 3:19)。
有酵的饼,等等——这话是省略的,本句的意思可意译如下:「因为耶和华用大能的手将你们从这地方领出来,其匆促之情不容吃有酵的饼。」
英文原文
Ex 13:3-10.
MEMORIAL OF THE PASSOVER.
3. Moses said unto the people, Remember this day--The day that gave them a national existence and introduced them into the privileges of independence and freedom, deserved to live in the memories of the Hebrews and their posterity; and, considering the signal interposition of God displayed in it, to be held not only in perpetual, but devout remembrance.
house of bondage--literally, "house of slaves"--that is, a servile and degrading condition.
for by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place--The emancipation of Israel would never have been obtained except it had been wrung from the Egyptian tyrant by the appalling judgments of God, as had been at the outset of his mission announced to Moses
(Ex 3:19).
There shall no leavened bread, &c.--The words are elliptical, and the meaning of the clause may be paraphrased thus:--"For by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place, in such haste that there could or should be no leavened bread eaten."
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4. 亚笔月——字面作「青穗」,亚笔月即青穗之月,相当于我们三月中旬。这是启程前往西奈旷野地带的最佳季节,尤其是带着牛群羊群;因为那时冬天的水势已经退去,山谷覆盖着早发而茂盛的青草。
英文原文
4. month Abib--literally, "a green ear," and hence the month Abib is the month of green ears, corresponding to the middle of our March. It was the best season for undertaking a journey to the desert region of Sinai, especially with flocks and herds; for then the winter torrents had subsided, and the wadies were covered with an early and luxuriant verdure.
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5-7. 耶和华将你领进——此处将逾越节设立为以色列人永久的节期。然而这只是一项前瞻性的遵守;我们在漫长的旷野漂流期间,只见有一次守逾越节的记载
[民 9:5];
但当他们定居在应许之地以后,这节期便按照此处所给的指示,被尊为神圣的周年纪念
[书 5:10]。
英文原文
5-7. when the Lord shall bring thee--The passover is here instituted as a permanent festival of the Israelites. It was, however, only a prospective observance; we read of only one celebration of the passover during the protracted sojourn in the wilderness
[Nu 9:5];
but on their settlement in the promised land, the season was hallowed as a sacred anniversary
[Jos 5:10],
in conformity with the directions here given.
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8. 当那日,你要告诉你的儿子说——设立这个以及其他神圣节期,提供了最好的机会,教导年轻人认识神对他们祖先在埃及所行的恩典之工。
英文原文
8. thou shalt show thy son in that day, saying--The establishment of this and the other sacred festivals presented the best opportunities of instructing the young in a knowledge of His gracious doings to their ancestors in Egypt.
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9. 这要在你手上作记号,等等——没有理由相信这里所指的,是东方的纹身——即以指甲花(Hennah)粉末染手的习俗,正如东方妇女今日所行。也不见得这种习俗或法利赛人的佩戴经文——戴在手腕和额上的羊皮卷——有如此早的起源。这些话只当视为一种比喻的表达方式。
好在你口中,等等——即好使它成为百姓中间常常谈论、熟悉知晓的话题。
英文原文
9. it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, &c.--There is no reason to believe that the Oriental tattooing--the custom of staining the hands with the powder of Hennah, as Eastern females now do--is here referred to. Nor is it probable that either this practice or the phylacteries of the Pharisees--parchment scrolls, which were worn on their wrists and foreheads--had so early an existence. The words are to be considered only as a figurative mode of expression.
that the Lord's law may be in thy mouth, &c.--that is, that it may be the subject of frequent conversation and familiar knowledge among the people.
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Ex 13:11-16.
出埃及记 13:11-16.
头生的 牲畜。
英文原文
Ex 13:11-16.
FIRSTLINGS OF BEASTS.
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12、13. 凡头生的,等等——关于头生之子分别为圣的命令,在此重申,并加上一些补充的情况。洁净牲畜的头生,如羊羔、山羊羔、牛犊,若是公的,要归给神,用于献祭。不洁的牲畜,如驴驹,既不配献祭,就要代赎
(民 18:15)。
英文原文
12, 13. every firstling, &c.--the injunction respecting the consecration of the first-born, as here repeated, with some additional circumstances. The firstlings of clean beasts, such as lambs, kids, and calves, if males, were to be devoted to God and employed in sacrifice. Those unclean beasts, as the ass's colt, being unfit for sacrifice, were to be redeemed
(Nu 18:15).
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Ex 13:17-21.
出 13:17-21.
从埃及起行的路程
17. 法老容百姓去的时候,非利士地的道路虽近,神却不领他们从那里走——从埃及到巴勒斯坦最近、最直接的路线,通常是那条经贝尔贝伊斯(Belbeis)、阿里什(El-Arish)通往亚实基伦和迦萨的商旅大道。当时占据后者的非利士人,必然会阻拦他们的通行,因为他们与以色列人之间存有世代的宿仇
(代上 7:21, 22);
而战事的如此早开,会使摩西所率领的这支不善战的队伍灰心丧胆。他们的信心必须经过操练而得以坚固;从他们行程一开始,我们就看到恩主以同样精心调整的方式,使他们的担子和试炼与他们的性格和处境相称,正如祂如今在那以旷野历程为预表的属灵旅程中,向祂百姓所显明的一样。
英文原文
Ex 13:17-21.
JOURNEY FROM EGYPT.
17. God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near, &c.--The shortest and most direct route from Egypt to Palestine was the usual caravan road that leads by Belbeis, El-Arish, to Ascalon and Gaza. The Philistines, who then possessed the latter, would have been sure to dispute their passage, for between them and the Israelites there was a hereditary feud
(1Ch 7:21, 22);
and so early a commencement of hostilities would have discouraged or dismayed the unwarlike band which Moses led. Their faith was to be exercised and strengthened, and from the commencement of their travels we observe the same careful proportion of burdens and trials to their character and state, as the gracious Lord shows to His people still in that spiritual journey of which the former was typical.
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18. 神领百姓绕道而行,走红海旷野的路——这一大片奇妙的水域是印度洋的一个海湾。希伯来文称之为「芦苇海」,因其中长满了海生植物。但红海这名称的由来则不易追溯。有人认为它因毗邻以东(「红」之意)而得名;有人认为源于其珊瑚礁;还有人认为这名称来自某些水域因无数极小的软体动物而呈现的异常红色。这海的北端分为两个较小的入口——东边古称以拉他湾,今称亚喀巴湾;西边古称希罗波利特湾,今称苏伊士湾。后者在古代无疑比现今向北延伸得更远。以色列人正是朝着后者前行。
带着兵器上去——即束装、配备齐全以作长途旅程(参
诗 105:37)。
旁注译作「第五排上去」,显然意指按一切商旅的惯例,分为五大队,各有队长统领;如此庞大而庞杂的群众,其景象必甚壮观,而它能有条不紊地前进,唯有借着神的看顾引导才能成就。
英文原文
18. God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red Sea, &c.--This wondrous expanse of water is a gulf of the Indian ocean. It was called in Hebrew "the weedy sea," from the forest of marine plants with which it abounds. But the name of the Red Sea is not so easily traced. Some think it was given from its contiguity to the countries of Edom ("red"); others derive it from its coral rocks; while a third class ascribe the origin of the name to an extremely red appearance of the water in some parts, caused by a numberless multitude of very small mollusca. This sea, at its northern extremity, separates into two smaller inlets--the eastern called anciently the Elanitic gulf, now the gulf of Akaba; and the western the Heroopolite gulf, now the gulf of Suez, which, there can be no doubt, extended much more to the north anciently than it does now. It was toward the latter the Israelites marched.
went up harnessed--that is, girded, equipped for a long journey. (See
Ps 105:37).
The Margin renders it "five in a rank," meaning obviously five large divisions, under five presiding officers, according to the usages of all caravans; and a spectacle of such a mighty and motley multitude must have presented an imposing appearance, and its orderly progress could have been effected only by the superintending influence of God.
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19. 摩西把约瑟的骸骨一同带去——为要应验约瑟临终时从弟兄们所取的誓言
(创 50:25, 26)。
其他列祖的遗骸(因其记载不甚显著,故未提及)也被带出了埃及
(徒 7:15, 16);
至于搬运的方式不会有任何困难——几匹骆驼驮着这些珍贵的遗物,正是东方风俗的真实写照,正如今日前往麦加的庞大朝圣队伍中所见的那样。
英文原文
19. Moses took the bones of Joseph with him--in fulfilment of the oath he exacted from his brethren
(Ge 50:25, 26).
The remains of the other patriarchs (not noticed from their obscurity) were also carried out of Egypt
(Ac 7:15, 16);
and there would be no difficulty as to the means of conveyance--a few camels bearing these precious relics would give a true picture of Oriental customs, such as is still to be seen in the immense pilgrimages to Mecca.
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20. 在以倘安营——大多数有见识的旅行者认为,这地方就是今日的阿吉鲁德(Ajrud),那里有一处水源,也是前往麦加的朝圣商旅的第三站。「值得注意的是,无论是从希罗波利斯往南的路线,还是从赫利奥波利斯往东的路线,都同样容许阿吉鲁德就是以倘。它在苏伊士西北十二哩处,正处于沙漠的边缘」[Pictorial Bible]。
英文原文
20. encamped in Etham--This place is supposed by the most intelligent travellers to be the modern Ajrud, where is a watering-place, and which is the third stage of the pilgrim-caravans to Mecca. "It is remarkable that either of the different routes eastward from Heliopolis, or southward from Heroopolis, equally admit of Ajrud being Etham. It is twelve miles northwest from Suez, and is literally on the edge of the desert" [Pictorial Bible].
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21、22. 耶和华在他们前面行——以祂同在的可见记号,即在雄伟云柱中的舍金纳(Shekinah)
(诗 78:14; 尼 9:12; 林前 10:1),
称为「神的使者」
(出 14:19; 23:20-23; 诗 99:6, 7; 赛 63:8, 9)。
英文原文
21, 22. the Lord went before them--by a visible token of His presence, the Shekinah, in a majestic cloud
(Ps 78:14; Ne 9:12; 1Co 10:1),
called "the angel of God"
(Ex 14:19; 23:20-23; Ps 99:6, 7; Isa 63:8, 9).
出埃及记 13:1, 2.
头生的 分别为圣。