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Eze 26:1-21.
英文原文
Eze 26:1-21.
THE JUDGMENT ON TYRE THROUGH NEBUCHADNEZZAR (TWENTY-SIXTH THROUGH TWENTY-EIGHTH CHAPTERS).
In the twenty-sixth chapter, Ezekiel sets forth:--(1) Tyre's sin; (2) its doom; (3) the instruments executing it; (4) the effects produced on other nations by her downfall. In the twenty-seventh chapter, a lamentation over the fall of such earthly splendor. In the twenty-eighth chapter, an elegy addressed to the king, on the humiliation of his sacrilegious pride. Ezekiel, in his prophecies as to the heathen, exhibits the dark side only; because he views them simply in their hostility to the people of God, who shall outlive them all. Isaiah
(Isa 23:1-18),
on the other hand, at the close of judgments, holds out the prospect of blessing, when Tyre should turn to the Lord.
1. The specification of the date, which had been omitted in the case of the four preceding objects of judgment, marks the greater weight attached to the fall of Tyre.
eleventh year--namely, after the carrying away of Jehoiachin, the year of the fall of Jerusalem. The number of the month is, however, omitted, and the day only given. As the month of the taking of Jerusalem was regarded as one of particular note, namely, the fourth month, also the fifth, on which it was actually destroyed
(Jer 52:6, 12, 13),
RABBI DAVID reasonably supposes that Tyre uttered her taunt at the close of the fourth month, as her nearness to Jerusalem enabled her to hear of its fall very soon, and that Ezekiel met it with his threat against herself on "the first day" of the fifth month.
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2. 推罗——
(Jos 19:29; 2Sa 24:7)，
字面意为“磐石之城”，即琐尔（Zor）；这名字适用于岛上的推罗，即新推罗，而非大陆上的旧推罗。二者相距半英里。“新推罗”在耶路撒冷陷落前一个半世纪，曾成功抵御亚述的撒缦以色对其长达五年的围攻（梅南德 MENANDER 据推罗档案所记，为约瑟夫 JOSEPHUS，《犹太古史》Antiquities, 9.14. 2 所引用）。它是两城中较强、较重要的一座，此处主要（虽非唯一）所指的便是它。推罗原是西顿的殖民地。尼布甲尼撒对它的围攻长达十三年
(Eze 29:18; Isa 23:1-18)。
虽然没有世俗作者提及他在围攻中取胜，但耶柔米（JEROME）说他在亚述史书中读到过这一事实。
啊哈！——对倒下之对手的幸灾乐祸
(Ps 35:21, 25)。
她……就是那门——即由两扇折叠门扇构成的一道门。因此动词是单数。“城门”是进行交易和办理公务的聚集之地：故此处表达的是商贾云集的市集。推罗并非把耶路撒冷视为公开的敌人，因为她的领土是位于非利士以北、黎巴嫩山与海之间的狭长地带，她的利益所在是与犹太人维持友好关系，并在粮食上仰赖他们
(Eze 27:17; 1Ki 5:9; Ac 12:20)。
但耶路撒冷截走了一部分她原本想要独占的内地贸易；因此，在她极度的自私与属世之心驱使下，她无情地为耶路撒冷的倾覆而欢庆，视为自己的得利。因此她招致神的忿怒，作为世界在其野心、自私和骄傲上——公然违抗神旨意——的突出代表
(Isa 23:9)。
她必转向我——即她昔日所是的粮食、酒、油、香料等等的市集，如今归我所有了。来自巴尔米拉、彼特拉和东方的商队，将不再被耶路撒冷的市集（“那门”）所拦截，而要来到我这里。
英文原文
2. Tyre--
(Jos 19:29; 2Sa 24:7),
literally, meaning "the rock-city," Zor; a name applying to the island Tyre, called New Tyre, rather than Old Tyre on the mainland. They were half a mile apart. "New Tyre," a century and a half before the fall of Jerusalem, had successfully resisted Shalmaneser of Assyria, for five years besieging it (MENANDER, from the Tyrian archives, quoted by JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 9.14. 2). It was the stronger and more important of the two cities, and is the one chiefly, though not exclusively, here meant. Tyre was originally a colony of Zidon. Nebuchadnezzar's siege of it lasted thirteen years
(Eze 29:18; Isa 23:1-18).
Though no profane author mentions his having succeeded in the siege, JEROME states he read the fact in Assyrian histories.
Aha!--exultation over a fallen rival
(Ps 35:21, 25).
she . . . that was the gates--that is, the single gate composed of two folding doors. Hence the verb is singular. "Gates" were the place of resort for traffic and public business: so here it expresses a mart of commerce frequented by merchants. Tyre regards Jerusalem not as an open enemy, for her territory being the narrow, long strip of land north of Philistia, between Mount Lebanon and the sea, her interest was to cultivate friendly relations with the Jews, on whom she was dependent for corn
(Eze 27:17; 1Ki 5:9; Ac 12:20).
But Jerusalem had intercepted some of the inland traffic which she wished to monopolize to herself; so, in her intensely selfish worldly-mindedness, she exulted heartlessly over the fall of Jerusalem as her own gain. Hence she incurred the wrath of God as pre-eminently the world's representative in its ambition, selfishness, and pride, in defiance of the will of God
(Isa 23:9).
she is turned unto me--that is, the mart of corn, wine, oil, balsam, &c., which she once was, is transferred to me. The caravans from Palmyra, Petra, and the East will no longer be intercepted by the market ("the gates") of Jerusalem, but will come to me.
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3, 4. 列国……如同海……波浪——与推罗的夸耀形成鲜明对比，神威胁要兴起巴比伦那从“多国”征召的大军来攻击她，正如从四面拍击她那建于磐石之上的城的地中海波涛。
刮净尘土……使……成为净光的磐石——或作“一块光秃的磐石”[GROTIUS]。推罗人在其所建之城的磐石上所培聚的泥土，我必刮得干净，不留尘土，只余光秃的磐石，恢复原貌。这与她指望在耶路撒冷既已陷落之际、以东方一切财富充满自己的期望，形成可怖的对比。
英文原文
3, 4. nations . . . as the sea . . . waves--In striking contrast to the boasting of Tyre, God threatens to bring against her Babylon's army levied from "many nations," even as the Mediterranean waves that dashed against her rock-founded city on all sides.
scrape her dust . . . make her . . . top of . . . rock--or, "a bare rock" [GROTIUS]. The soil which the Tyrians had brought together upon the rock on which they built their city, I will scrape so clean away as to leave no dust, but only the bare rock as it was. An awful contrast to her expectation of filling herself with all the wealth of the East now that Jerusalem has fallen.
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5. 在海中——明显是指新推罗
(Eze 27:32)。
英文原文
5. in the midst of the sea--plainly referring to New Tyre
(Eze 27:32).
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6. 她在田野的众女——城外旷野中那些依附于她的四围乡村，要与母城同遭厄运。
英文原文
6. her daughters . . . in the field--The surrounding villages, dependent on her in the open country, shall share the fate of the mother city.
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7. 从北方来——即 Chaldean 人原居之地；也是他们进入 Palestine 的方向，取道 Orontes 河畔的 Riblah 和 Hamath，而不取 Babylon 与 Judea 之间穿越沙漠的那条路。
诸王之王——因有许多王向他称臣而得此称
(2Ki 18:28)。
神已将原本属祂的普世帝国之权委托给他
(Da 2:47)。
唯有神的儿子本然拥有这权利与名分，并将在世上的诸王被充分证明为妄负所托之时将其据为己有
(1Ti 6:15; Re 17:12-14; 19:15, 16)。
以西结的预言并非出于对过去的揣测，因为 Shalmaneser 以 Assyria 帝国之全力仍未能攻下 Tyre。然而 Nebuchadnezzar 却要成功。JOSEPHUS 告诉我们，Nebuchadnezzar 在 Tyre 王 Ithobal 在位第七年开始围城。
英文原文
7. from the north--the original locality of the Chaldeans; also, the direction by which they entered Palestine, taking the route of Riblah and Hamath on the Orontes, in preference to that across the desert between Babylon and Judea.
king of kings--so called because of the many kings who owned allegiance to him
(2Ki 18:28).
God had delegated to him the universal earth-empire which is His
(Da 2:47).
The Son of God alone has the right and title inherently, and shall assume it when the world kings shall have been fully proved as abusers of the trust
(1Ti 6:15; Re 17:12-14; 19:15, 16).
Ezekiel's prophecy was not based on conjecture from the past, for Shalmaneser, with all the might of the Assyrian empire, had failed in his siege of Tyre. Yet Nebuchadnezzar was to succeed. JOSEPHUS tells us that Nebuchadnezzar began the siege in the seventh year of Ithobal's reign, king of Tyre.
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9. 攻城锤（engines of war）——直译作“用以击打的器具”。“他必以攻城锤的击打攻击你的城墙。”HAVERNICK 译作“他毁灭的器械”；直译作“他器械的毁灭（不仅击打）”。
斧（axes）——直译作“刀剑”。
英文原文
9. engines of war--literally, "an apparatus for striking." "He shall apply the stroke of the battering-ram against thy walls." HAVERNICK translates, "His enginery of destruction"; literally, the "destruction (not merely the stroke) of his enginery."
axes--literally, "swords."
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10. 尘土——“马”的数目极多，所扬起的“尘土”厚密如云，要“遮盖”全城。
马……车——如
Eze 26:3-5
所指海中磐石岛上的新 Tyre（比较
Isa 23:2, 4, 6)；
照样此处
Eze 26:9-11
指大陆上的旧 Tyre。预言中两者都归在同一名称之下。
轮子——FAIRBAIRN 以为此处及
Eze 23:24，
因“轮子”与“车”有别，故指某种可乘之轮器，或攻城之用。
英文原文
10. dust--So thick shall be the "dust" stirred up by the immense numbers of "horses," that it shall "cover" the whole city as a cloud.
horses . . . chariots--As in
Eze 26:3-5,
New Tyre on the insular rock in the sea (compare
Isa 23:2, 4, 6)
is referred to; so here, in
Eze 26:9-11,
Old Tyre on the mainland. Both are included in the prophecies under one name.
wheels--FAIRBAIRN thinks that here, and in
Eze 23:24,
as "the wheels" are distinct from the "chariots," some wheelwork for riding on, or for the operations of the siege, are meant.
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11. 你坚固的保障——直译作“你力量的柱像”；即作为“你力量记念”的堡垒。MAURER 更贴字面地理解为“为偶像——Tyre 的护城神——所立的雕像或方尖碑”，如 Melecarte，相当于 Greece 的 Hercules，其庙在旧 Tyre（比较
Jer 43:13，
边注 Margin)。
英文原文
11. thy strong garrisons--literally, "the statutes of thy strength"; so the forts which are "monuments of thy strength." MAURER understands, in stricter agreement with the literal meaning, "the statues" or "obelisks erected in honor of the idols, the tutelary gods of Tyre," as Melecarte, answering to the Grecian Hercules, whose temple stood in Old Tyre (compare
Jer 43:13,
Margin).
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12. 将你的石头……木料……抛在……水中——指海岛上的新 Tyre
(Eze 26:3, 5; Eze 27:4, 25, 26)。
当它的高楼与塔倾覆之时，因它四面环海，海水流入其双港并冲刷其城墙，故“石头……木料……尘土”恰当地被描写为“抛在水中”。虽然以西结将 Tyre 的攻取归于 Nebuchadnezzar（见
Eze 29:18)，
但并不意味着他所描述的最终毁灭也归于同一位君王。Nebuchadnezzar 倾覆 Tyre 是漫长祸链中的第一环——是那预备并作为最终厄运之凭据的头一记致命打击。本节从个体征服者“他”转为泛指的“他们”，标明他所行的并非全部，只是为别人铺路，使别人完成他所开始的工作。这是一项渐进之工，直到她全然毁灭。所以此处的话正与 Alexander 所行的相符。他用旧 Tyre 的“石头、木料”与瓦砾，在七个月内筑成一道堤道通往岛上的新 Tyre，于是取了它[CURTIUS, 4, 2]，公元前 322 年。
英文原文
12. lay thy stones . . . timber . . . in . . . midst of . . . water--referring to the insular New Tyre
(Eze 26:3, 5; Eze 27:4, 25, 26).
When its lofty buildings and towers fall, surrounded as it was with the sea which entered its double harbor and washed its ramparts, the "stones . . . timbers . . . and dust" appropriately are described as thrown down "in the midst of the water." Though Ezekiel attributes the capture of Tyre to Nebuchadnezzar (see on
Eze 29:18),
yet it does not follow that the final destruction of it described is attributed by him to the same monarch. The overthrow of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar was the first link in the long chain of evil--the first deadly blow which prepared for, and was the earnest of, the final doom. The change in this verse from the individual conqueror "he," to the general "they," marks that what he did was not the whole, but only paved the way for others to complete the work begun by him. It was to be a progressive work until she was utterly destroyed. Thus the words here answer exactly to what Alexander did. With the "stones, timber," and rubbish of Old Tyre, he built a causeway in seven months to New Tyre on the island and so took it [CURTIUS, 4, 2], 322 B.C.
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13. 你昌盛时的欢乐不再，代之以死一般的沉寂
(Isa 24:8; Jer 7:34)。
英文原文
13. Instead of the joyousness of thy prosperity, a death-like silence shall reign
(Isa 24:8; Jer 7:34).
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14. 他以几乎与开篇
(Eze 26:4, 5)
相同的话作结。
不再建造——关于大陆上的 Tyre，在 Nebuchadnezzar 之时应验。海岛上的 Tyre 在七十年后部分恢复
(Isa 23:17, 18)，
但相继在 Alexander、Antigonus，以及十四世纪初 Saracens 手下再遭祸患。如今它的港口被沙淤塞，毫无将来复原之望，“没有一间完整的房子留下，只有少数渔夫在拱穴中避身”[MAUNDRELL]。神的话如此准确地应验了。
英文原文
14. He concludes in nearly the same words as he began
(Eze 26:4, 5).
built no more--fulfilled as to the mainland Tyre, under Nebuchadnezzar. The insular Tyre recovered partly, after seventy years
(Isa 23:17, 18),
but again suffered under Alexander, then under Antigonus, then under the Saracens at the beginning of the fourteenth century. Now its harbors are choked with sand, precluding all hope of future restoration, "not one entire house is left, and only a few fishermen take shelter in the vaults" [MAUNDRELL]. So accurately has God's word come to pass.
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15-21. 推罗（Tyre）的倾覆在其他海上的邦国、以及她自己的殖民地（例如乌提卡〔Utica〕、迦太基〔Carthage〕，和西班牙〔Spain〕的他 Tartessus 或他施〔Tarshish〕）中所产生的影响。
海岛——沿海之地。连强盛的迦太基也曾年年差人将供物送到推罗的赫拉克勒斯（Hercules）庙：母城也将大祭司派给她的殖民地。故此，她的倾覆在那些与她在宗教以及商业往来上紧密相连、分布甚广的属地中引起了惊惶。
摇动——喻意上指：“受惊扰”
(Jer 49:21)。
英文原文
15-21. The impression which the overthrow of Tyre produced on other maritime nations and upon her own colonies, for example, Utica, Carthage, and Tartessus or Tarshish in Spain.
isles--maritime lands. Even mighty Carthage used to send a yearly offering to the temple of Hercules at Tyre: and the mother city gave high priests to her colonies. Hence the consternation at her fall felt in the widely scattered dependencies with which she was so closely connected by the ties of religion, as well as commercial intercourse.
shake--metaphorically: "be agitated"
(Jer 49:21).
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16. 必从宝座上下来……在地上——“哀悼者的宝座”
(Job 2:13; Jon 3:6)。
海上的首领——指迦太基（Carthage）及推罗（Tyre）其他殖民地的商人首领，他们因在海上贸易而致富、成为有权势的人
(Isa 23:8)。
以战兢披上——希伯来文作“战兢（复数）”。比较
Eze 7:27，
“以荒凉披上”；
Ps 132:18。
遇有公众灾祸时，便换上哀悼的衣裳。
英文原文
16. come down from their thrones . . . upon the ground--"the throne of the mourners"
(Job 2:13; Jon 3:6).
princes of the sea--are the merchant rulers of Carthage and other colonies of Tyre, who had made themselves rich and powerful by trading on the sea
(Isa 23:8).
clothe . . . with trembling--Hebrew, "tremblings." Compare
Eze 7:27,
"clothed with desolation";
Ps 132:18.
In a public calamity the garment was changed for a mourning garb.
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17. 海上人居之地——即为各国沿海之地的商人所频繁往来之地 [GROTIUS]。 FAIRBAIRN 与别西托（Peschito）译本同译作：“你这居住海中者”（希伯来文字面之意）。推罗（Tyre）仿佛从海中升起，仿佛她的居民都是从海而得，因其人口密集直达水边。威尼斯（Venice）也曾被称为“海的新娘”。
在海中坚强——因她位于海岛之上。
使一切住其中的、因他们所见的惊惶——即指海。希伯来文更宜作：“他们使一切她（那城）的居民惊惶”，即他们使每一个推罗人的名令人畏惧 [FAIRBAIRN]。
英文原文
17. inhabited of seafaring men--that is, which was frequented by merchants of various sea-bordering lands [GROTIUS]. FAIRBAIRN translates with Peschito, "Thou inhabitant of the seas" (the Hebrew literal meaning). Tyre rose as it were out of the seas as if she got thence her inhabitants, being peopled so closely down to the waters. So Venice was called "the bride of the sea."
strong in the sea--through her insular position.
cause their terror to be on all that haunt it--namely, the sea. The Hebrew is rather, "they put their terror upon all her (the city's) inhabitants," that is, they make the name of every Tyrian to be feared [FAIRBAIRN].
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18. 你被废弃的日子——
Isa 23:6, 12
预言推罗（Tyrians）人因围攻的缘故，将渡过地中海（Mediterranean）前往其沿岸之地（“基提〔Chittim〕”、“他施〔Tarshish〕”等）。以西结在此亦然。因此耶柔米（JEROME）说，他在亚述（Assyrian）史籍中读到，“当推罗人见无可逃，便逃往迦太基（Carthage），或爱奥尼亚（Ionian）与爱琴海（Ægean）诸岛” [BISHOP NEWTON]。（见
Eze 29:18
注释）。
GROTIUS 将“废弃”解释为，即“当人质从你这里被带往巴比伦（Babylon）之日”。“废弃”与“你的倾覆”平行，使我以为“废弃”当泛指“你的终结”，但同时暗含大多数居民在城倾覆之时离去前往其殖民地的暗示。
英文原文
18. thy departure--
Isa 23:6, 12
predicts that the Tyrians, in consequence of the siege, should pass over the Mediterranean to the lands bordering on it ("Chittim," "Tarshish," &c.). So Ezekiel here. Accordingly JEROME says that he read in Assyrian histories that, "when the Tyrians saw no hope of escaping, they fled to Carthage or some islands of the Ionian and Ægean Seas" [BISHOP NEWTON]. (See on
Eze 29:18).
GROTIUS explains "departure," that is, "in the day when hostages shall be carried away from thee to Babylon." The parallelism to "thy fall" makes me think "departure" must mean "thy end" in general, but with an included allusion to the "departure" of most of her people to her colonies at the fall of the city.
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19. 大水——比喻巴比伦（Babylon）大军甚为贴切；他们实际上因拆毁海岛推罗（Tyre）的城墙，使海“漫过”其一部分。
英文原文
19. great waters--appropriate metaphor of the Babylonian hosts, which literally, by breaking down insular Tyre's ramparts, caused the sea to "cover" part of her.
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20. 坑——推罗（Tyre）的消失被比作死人被置于坟墓中、不再在活人中被看见（比较
Eze 32:18, 23; Isa 14:11, 15, 19)。
我必在……地设立荣耀——与被置于死之“坑”中的推罗相对，我必在犹大（Judah）设立荣耀（即以舍吉拿〔Shekinah〕云彩为象征的我的同在，其本体即是弥赛亚，“荣耀正如父独生子的荣耀”，
Joh 1:14; Isa 4:2, 5; Zec 6:13)。
活人之地——与被置于死之“坑”中的推罗相对。犹大要成为国民与属灵生命之地，在被掳之后得以复兴
(Eze 47:9)。 FAIRBAIRN 将否定词用于两句而失去了对比，“使你不被设立为活人之地中的荣耀”。
英文原文
20. the pit--Tyre's disappearance is compared to that of the dead placed in their sepulchres and no more seen among the living (compare
Eze 32:18, 23; Isa 14:11, 15, 19).
I shall set glory in the land--In contrast to Tyre consigned to the "pit" of death, I shall set glory (that is, My presence symbolized by the Shekinah cloud, the antitype to which shall be Messiah, "the glory as of the only-begotten of the Father,"
Joh 1:14; Isa 4:2, 5; Zec 6:13)
in Judah.
of the living--as opposed to Tyre consigned to the "pit" of death. Judea is to be the land of national and spiritual life, being restored after its captivity
(Eze 47:9).
FAIRBAIRN loses the antithesis by applying the negative to both clauses, "and that thou be not set as a glory in the land of the living."
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21. 惊恐——这审判的实例足以使一切作恶之人惊惶。
你不再寻得——并非不再有推罗（Tyre），而是她不再是昔日的推罗：她的荣耀与名号不再存留。至于旧推罗，这预言已按字面应验，连一点遗迹都没有留下。
英文原文
21. terror--an example of judgment calculated to terrify all evildoers.
thou shall be no more--Not that there was to be no more a Tyre, but she was no more to be the Tyre that once was: her glory and name were to be no more. As, to Old Tyre, the prophecy was literally fulfilled, not a vestige of it being left.
Eze 26:1-21。
借尼布甲尼撒临到推罗的审判（第二十六至二十八章）。
在第二十六章中，以西结算述：(1) 推罗的罪；(2) 她的厄运；(3) 执行审判的器皿；(4) 她的倾覆对其他列国所产生的影响。第二十七章是为此世荣华的倾覆所作的哀歌。第二十八章是针对王、论及其亵渎之骄傲受贬抑的挽歌。以西结在论及外邦的预言中，只展现阴暗的一面；因为他只是从外邦对神百姓的敌意这一角度来审视他们，而神的百姓必将比他们全都长寿。以赛亚
(Isa 23:1-18)
则相反，在审判的末了，指出当推罗归向耶和华时必蒙赐福的盼望。
1. 此处特别注明了日期，这在前面四个受审对象中均被省略，这表明推罗的倾覆更受重视。
第十一年——即约雅斤被掳之后的第十一年，也就是耶路撒冷陷落的那一年。然而月份的数目被省略，只给出了日子。由于耶路撒冷被攻取的那个月份被视为特别值得记念，即第四个月，也是实际毁灭的第五个月
(Jer 52:6, 12, 13)，
拉比大卫（RABBI DAVID）合理地推想：推罗在第四个月末便发出她的嘲讽，因为她与耶路撒冷相近，能很快听闻其陷落的消息；而以西结则在第五个月的“初一日”以对她的威吓予以回应。