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Ho 12:1-14.
英文原文
Ho 12:1-14.
REPROOF OF EPHRAIM AND JUDAH: THEIR FATHER JACOB OUGHT TO BE A PATTERN TO THEM.
This prophecy was delivered about the time of Israel's seeking the aid of the Egyptian king So, in violation of their covenant with Assyria (see
Ho 12:1).
He exhorts them to follow their father Jacob's persevering prayerfulness, which brought God's favor upon him. As God is unchangeable, He will show the same favor to Jacob's posterity as He did to Jacob, if, like him, they seek God.
1. feedeth on wind--
(Pr 15:14; Isa 44:20).
Followeth after vain objects, such as alliances with idolaters and their idols (compare
Ho 8:7).
east wind--the simoon, blowing from the desert east of Palestine, which not only does not benefit, but does injury. Israel follows not only things vain, but things pernicious (compare
Job 15:2).
increaseth lies--accumulates lie upon lie, that is, impostures wherewith they deceive themselves, forsaking the truth of God.
desolation--violent oppressions practised by Israel [MAURER]. Acts which would prove the cause of Israel's own desolation [CALVIN].
covenant with . . . Assyrians--
(Ho 5:13; 7:11).
oil . . . into Egypt--as a present from Israel to secure Egypt's alliance
(Isa 30:6; 57:9;
compare
2Ki 17:4).
Palestine was famed for oil
(Eze 27:17).
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2. 与犹大争辩——（Ho 4:1; 弥 6:2）。犹大在亚哈斯治下已坠入偶像崇拜（王下 16:3 等）。
雅各——即十支派。若犹大——这国中蒙恩的部分——也不得免，更何况堕落的以色列呢。
英文原文
2. controversy with Judah--
(Ho 4:1; Mic 6:2).
Judah, under Ahaz, had fallen into idolatry
(2Ki 16:3,
&c.).
Jacob--that is, the ten tribes. If Judah, the favored portion of the nation, shall not be spared, much less degenerate Israel.
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3. 他——指雅各，与其堕落后裔（同样称为雅各）相对
（Ho 12:2；
参
Mic 2:7）。
他在腹中抓住以扫的脚跟，为要尽可能取得长子名分的权利
（Ge 25:22-26），
因此他名叫雅各，意为“抓住脚跟者”（即“排挤者”）；他又靠自己的力量，与神较力得了祝福
（Ge 32:24-29）；
你们却藐视我的应许，倚靠偶像与外邦联盟。他胜过了神，你们却作了偶像的奴仆。只要耶和华站在你们一边，你们就比以东更强，甚至比亚述更强。照样，属灵的以色列人抓住耶稣——“众弟兄中作长子者”——的脚跟，因他是由圣灵重生的。他们本无权利承受产业，却抓住那受伤的脚跟——基督被钉的人性——并且紧紧抓住祂不放；祂并不像以扫那样成为咒诅
（Heb 12:16, 17），
反而因替我们成了咒诅，就成为我们的祝福。
与神较力——指他“以色列”这名字，即神的王子，是在那场合取得的（参
Mt 11:12）。
正如所应许的迦南必须由以色列凭力争取得，照样天国也必须由信徒如此进入
（Re 3:21；
参
Lu 13:24）。
“努力”字面作“如在角力争战之苦中”。那迦南妇人也是如此
（Mt 15:22）。
他的力量——在于他自觉的软弱；因此当神使他的大腿窝脱了节，他便紧紧倚靠神。得着力量是他的目标，赐力量则是神的心意。然而神的作法却令人惊奇：祂以人的样式来，仿佛要把雅各摔倒。单凭角力不够，祂便行了一件似乎足以使雅各跌倒的事——使他的大腿窝脱节，使他再不能站立。然而雅各正是在那时得胜了。神如此教导我们自觉软弱中所蕴含的那不可抗拒的大能。因为当我们在自己里面软弱时，便因祂所赐的力量刚强
（Job 23:6; Isa 27:5; 2Co 12:9, 10）。
英文原文
3. He--Jacob, contrasted with his degenerate descendants, called by his name, Jacob
(Ho 12:2;
compare
Mic 2:7).
He took Esau by the heel in the womb in order to obtain, if possible, the privileges of the first-born
(Ge 25:22-26),
whence he took his name, Jacob, meaning "supplanter"; and again, by his strength, prevailed in wrestling with God for a blessing
(Ge 32:24-29);
whereas ye disregard My promises, putting your confidence in idols and foreign alliances. He conquered God, ye are the slaves of idols. Only have Jehovah on your side, and ye are stronger than Edom, or even Assyria. So the spiritual Israel lays hold of the heel of Jesus, "the First-born of many brethren," being born again of the Holy Spirit. Having no right in themselves to the inheritance, they lay hold of the bruised heel, the humanity of Christ crucified, and let not go their hold of Him who is not, as Esau, a curse
(Heb 12:16, 17),
but, by becoming a curse for us, is a blessing to us.
power with God--referring to his name, "Israel," prince of God, acquired on that occasion (compare
Mt 11:12).
As the promised Canaan had to be gained forcibly by Israel, so heaven by the faithful
(Re 3:21;
compare
Lu 13:24).
"Strive," literally, "as in the agony of a contest." So the Canaanitess
(Mt 15:22).
his strength--which lay in his conscious weakness, whence, when his thigh was put out of joint by God, he hung upon Him. To seek strength was his object; to grant it, God's. Yet God's mode of procedure was strange. In human form He tries as it were to throw Jacob down. When simple wrestling was not enough, He does what seems to ensure Jacob's fall, dislocating his thigh joint, so that he could no longer stand. Yet it was then that Jacob prevailed. Thus God teaches us the irresistible might of conscious weakness. For when weak in ourselves, we are strong by His strength put in us
(Job 23:6; Isa 27:5; 2Co 12:9, 10).
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4. 那使者——即非受造之约的使者，也就是神子在旧约中的显现
（Mal 3:1）。
恳求——
Ge 32:26：
“你不给我祝福，我就不容你去。”
他遇见他——那使者遇见雅各，是在他为躲避以扫逃往叙利亚之时：主“在伯特利”向他显现
（Ge 28:11-19; 35:1）。
何等可悲的对比——如今以色列竟在这同一个伯特利敬拜金牛犊！
在那里他与我们说话——说“与我们”，因我们当时乃在我们的先祖雅各的身中（参
Ps 66:6，
“他们……我们”
Heb 7:9, 10）。
神在那里对雅各所说的话，也关乎我们。神对他所作的应许，属于一切效法他祷告之信心的后裔。
英文原文
4. the angel--the uncreated Angel of the Covenant, as God the Son appears in the Old Testament
(Mal 3:1).
made supplication--
Ge 32:26:
"I will not let thee go, except thou bless me."
he found him--The angel found Jacob, when he was fleeing from Esau into Syria: the Lord appearing to him "in Beth-el"
(Ge 28:11-19; 35:1).
What a sad contrast, that in this same Beth-el now Israel worships the golden calves!
there he spake with us--"with us," as being in the loins of our progenitor Jacob (compare
Ps 66:6,
"They . . . we;"
Heb 7:9, 10).
What God there spoke to Jacob appertains to us. God's promises to him belong to all his posterity who follow in the steps of his prayerful faith.
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5. 主神——即耶和华，这名字含示祂对自己应许的不变恒常。源出希伯来文字根，意为“存在”。“昔在、今在、以后永在的”，永远不变
（Heb 13:8; Re 1:4, 8；
参
Ex 3:14, 15; 6:3）。
祂既以不变的恩惠待雅各，也必照样待他信心的后裔。
万军——以色列愚昧所敬拜的，正是这万军。耶和华天上地下一切众军（saba）或权能都听命于祂，所以祂成就应许既有大能，又有信实
（Ps 135:6; Am 5:27）。
记念——即表达神在某一性格中当永远被记念的名字
（Ps 135:13）。
英文原文
5. Lord God--JEHOVAH, a name implying His immutable constancy to His promises. From the Hebrew root, meaning "existence." "He that is, was, and is to be," always the same
(Heb 13:8; Re 1:4, 8;
compare
Ex 3:14, 15; 6:3).
As He was unchangeable in His favor to Jacob, so will He be to His believing posterity.
of hosts--which Israel foolishly worshipped. Jehovah has all the hosts (saba) or powers of heaven and earth at His command, so that He is as all-powerful, as He is faithful, to fulfil His promises
(Ps 135:6; Am 5:27).
memorial--the name expressive of the character in which God was ever to be remembered
(Ps 135:13).
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6. 你——你这愿意作雅各真后裔的人。
归向你的神——祂因所立的约，理当听你的祷告。
守怜悯与公平——
（Mic 6:8）。
这两样包括第二块法版的诫命，即对邻舍的本分，也是悔改真伪最显明的试金石。
等候你的神——唯独等候祂，不等候你的偶像。这包括第一块法版的一切本分
（Ps 37:3, 5, 7; 40:1）。
英文原文
6. thou--who dost wish to be a true descendant of Jacob.
to THY God--who is therefore bound by covenant to hear thy prayers.
keep mercy and judgment--
(Mic 6:8).
These two include the second-table commandments, duty towards one's neighbor, the most visible test of the sincerity on one's repentance.
wait on thy God--alone, not on thy idols. Including all the duties of the first table
(Ps 37:3, 5, 7; 40:1).
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7. 商人——希伯来文“迦南”一词有双关之意，既指迦南人，又指“商人”
Eze 16:3：
“你的出身……是迦南的。”他们本为敬虔雅各的后裔，实质上却成了迦南人——后者以欺诈的商人闻名（参
Isa 23:11，
边注），这对藐视迦南的以色列是极大的羞辱。
腓尼基人自称迦南人或商人
（Isa 23:8）。
欺压——指明抢；正如“诡诈的天平”暗指欺诈。
英文原文
7. merchant--a play on the double sense of the Hebrew, "Canaan," that is, a Canaanite and a "merchant"
Eze 16:3:
"Thy birth is . . . of Canaan." They who naturally were descendants of pious Jacob had become virtually Canaanites, who were proverbial as cheating merchants (compare
Isa 23:11,
Margin), the greatest reproach to Israel, who despised Canaan. The Phœnicians called themselves Canaanites or merchants
(Isa 23:8).
oppress--open violence: as the "balances of deceit" imply fraud.
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8. 又——即“虽然如此”。
我却是……富足——我不理会先知所说；我富足，对自己的境遇知足
（Re 3:17）。
因此，作为公义的报应，这正是那作神惩罚以色列之工具的仇敌所说的话。
Zec 11:5：
“那些买他们的人说……我发了财。”贫穷而诚实，胜于因罪而致富。
我所劳碌的——即劳碌所得的财利。
人必找不到——即谁也找不到。
罪孽……算为有罪——即会招致罪刑的罪孽。以法莲辩称：我劳碌的成就，证明我并非先知所说的有罪之人。罪人就是这样曲解神长久的忍耐与恩慈
（Mt 5:45），
作为他们不肯悔改的借口（参
Ec 8:11-13）。
英文原文
8. And--that is, Notwithstanding.
Yet I am . . . rich--I regard not what the prophets say: I am content with my state, as I am rich
(Re 3:17).
Therefore, in just retribution, this is the very language of the enemy in being the instrument of Israel's punishment.
Zec 11:5:
"They that sell them say . . . I am rich." Far better is poverty with honesty, than riches gained by sin.
my labours--my gains by labor.
they shall find none--that is, none shall find any.
iniquity . . . that were sin--iniquity that would bring down the penalty of sin. Ephraim argues, My success in my labors proves that I am not a guilty sinner as the prophets assert. Thus sinners pervert God's long-suffering goodness
(Mt 5:45)
into a justification of their impenitence (compare
Ec 8:11-13).
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9. 又——当译作“然而”。以色列虽该永远被丢弃，我仍是自从领他们出埃及之时以来那立约的神；所以“我必使你再住帐棚”，即再守住棚节，以记念一次新的脱离为奴。这在从巴比伦归回时初次应验
（Ne 8:17）。
完全而预表性地，要在最终从现今分散中恢复之时才应验
（Zec 14:16；
参
Le 23:42, 43）。
英文原文
9. And--rather, "And yet." Though Israel deserves to be cast off for ever, yet I am still what I have been from the time of My delivering them out of Egypt, their covenant God; therefore, "I will yet make thee to dwell in tabernacles," that is, to keep the feast of tabernacles again in remembrance of a new deliverance out of bondage. Fulfilled primarily at the return from Babylon
(Ne 8:17).
Fully and antitypically to be fulfilled at the final restoration from the present dispersion
(Zec 14:16;
compare
Le 23:42, 43).
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10. 借……众先知——字面作“在……之上”，即我的灵停于其上。我把当引你们走正路的训诲交托他们。这更加重你们的罪：你们并非因无知而走错，而是无视神与祂的先知【加尔文（CALVIN）】。在何西阿之前的“先知”有：示罗人亚希雅、示玛雅、易多、亚撒利雅、哈拿尼、耶户、以利亚、以利沙、米该雅、约珥、阿摩司。
异象……比喻——我采用了与人能力相称、足以引起注意的传达方式：我没有放过任何方法来使你们归正。第一、二、三章中便有“比喻”的实例。
英文原文
10. by . . . the prophets--literally, "upon," that is, My spirit resting on them. I deposited with them My instructions which ought to have brought you to the right way. An aggravation of your guilt, that it was not through ignorance you erred, but in defiance of God and His prophets [CALVIN]. Ahijah the Shilonite, Shemaiah, Iddo, Azariah, Hanani, Jehu, Elijah, Elisha, Micaiah, Joel, and Amos were "the prophets" before Hosea.
visions . . . similitudes--I adopted such modes of communication, adapted to man's capacities, as were calculated to arouse attention: I left no means untried to reform you. The first, second, and third chapters contain examples of "similitudes."
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11. 基列有罪孽吗——他这样问，并非因答案可疑，而是要加强肯定：“他们实在是虚无”；或如毛勒（MAURER）所译：“他们完全是罪孽”。
在圣经中，罪孽——尤其是拜偶像——常被称为“虚无”。
Pr 13:11：
“凭虚妄得来的财富”，即罪孽所得。
Isa 41:29：
“他们尽都是虚无……偶像。”“基列”指米斯巴基列，一城代表约旦河东之地
（Ho 6:8; Jud 11:29）；
“吉甲”则代表约旦河西之地
（Ho 4:15）。
四面八方他们都一样污秽。
他们的祭坛如田垄上的乱堆——即如乱堆那样多：指从多石的田中清除出来的石堆。这比喻很恰当，因远远看去它们形似祭坛（参
Ho 10:1, 4; 8:11）。
正如平行结构中第三项对应第一项（“吉甲”对“基列”），第四项也对应第二项（“祭坛”对“虚无”）。“乱堆”一辞暗指“吉甲”之名，意为“石堆”。百姓在那里普遍受割礼，过约旦河后又守了庄严的逾越节，如今这地竟成了以色列拜偶像的坚固营垒。
英文原文
11. Is there iniquity in Gilead?--He asks the question, not as if the answer was doubtful, but to strengthen the affirmation: "Surely they are vanity"; or as MAURER translates, "They are nothing but iniquity." Iniquity, especially idolatry, in Scripture is often termed "vanity."
Pr 13:11:
"Wealth gotten by vanity," that is, iniquity.
Isa 41:29:
"They are all vanity . . . images." "Gilead" refers to Mizpah-gilead, a city representing the region beyond Jordan
(Ho 6:8; Jud 11:29);
as "Gilgal," the region on this side of Jordan
(Ho 4:15).
In all quarters alike they are utterly vile.
their altars are as heaps in the furrows--that is, as numerous as such heaps: namely, the heaps of stones cleared out of a stony field. An appropriate image, as at a distance they look like altars (compare
Ho 10:1, 4; 8:11).
As the third member in the parallelism answers to the first, "Gilgal" to "Gilead," so the fourth to the second, "altars" to "vanity." The word "heaps" alludes to the name "Gilgal," meaning "a heap of stones." The very scene of the general circumcision of the people, and of the solemn passover kept after crossing Jordan, is now the stronghold of Israel's idolatry.
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12. 雅各逃亡……服事——你们虽以“以色列”的大名为夸，却不要忘记你们的先祖就是那逃亡的雅各，他为拉结服事了十四年。他在逃避以扫、受拉班欺压之时，没有忘记那拯救他的我
（Ge 28:5; 29:20, 28; De 26:5）。
你们虽蒙我从埃及领出
（Ho 12:13），
又满得我的恩惠，却不肯归向我。
叙利亚地——指叙利亚的平原地带，位于底格里斯与幼发拉底两河之间，故称米所波大米。巴旦亚兰意同此，即“低叙利亚”，与亚兰（意为“高地”）或叙利亚相对
（Ge 48:7）。
英文原文
12. Jacob fled . . . served--Though ye pride yourselves on the great name of "Israel," forget not that your progenitor was the same Jacob who was a fugitive, and who served for Rachel fourteen years. He forgot not ME who delivered him when fleeing from Esau, and when oppressed by Laban
(Ge 28:5; 29:20, 28; De 26:5).
Ye, though delivered from Egypt
(Ho 12:13),
and loaded with My favors, are yet unwilling to return to Me.
country of Syria--the champaign region of Syria, the portion lying between the Tigris and Euphrates, hence called Mesopotamia. Padan-aram means the same, that is, "Low Syria," as opposed to Aramea (meaning the "high country") or Syria
(Ge 48:7).
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13. 借先知——指摩西
（Nu 12:6-8; De 18:15, 18）。
保全——当译作“看守”；暗指
Ho 12:12
中同一个希伯来文字：“看守羊群”；以色列被神看守，如同祂的羊群，正如雅各看守羊群
（Ps 80:1; Isa 63:11）。
英文原文
13. by a prophet--Moses
(Nu 12:6-8; De 18:15, 18).
preserved--Translate, "kept"; there is an allusion to the same Hebrew word in
Ho 12:12,
"kept sheep"; Israel was kept by God as His flock, even as Jacob kept sheep
(Ps 80:1; Isa 63:11).
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14. 惹动他——即惹动神。
他的血必流在他身上——即不除去以法莲所流无辜之血的罪与刑罚，无论是普遍所流的，还是特别献给摩洛所流的。
他的羞辱，主必归还给他——以法莲敬拜偶像对神的羞辱，神必报应给他。神因救赎与特别启示而成为“他的主”，这事实不仅不能给他逃避的指望，反而加重他的罪。神并不放弃祂对他们作为属自己之物的主权，无论他们怎样废弃祂的统治。
英文原文
14. provoked him--that is, God.
leave his blood upon him--not take away the guilt and penalty of the innocent blood shed by Ephraim in general, and to Molech in particular.
his reproach shall his Lord return unto him--Ephraim's dishonor to God in worshipping idols, God will repay to him. That God is "his Lord" by right redemption and special revelation to Ephraim only aggravates his guilt, instead of giving him hope of escape. God does not give up His claim to them as His, however they set aside His dominion.
Ho 12:1-14.
责备以法莲和犹大：他们的祖宗雅各当成为他们的榜样
这预言发表在以色列违反与亚述的盟约、求助于埃及王梭之时（见 Ho 12:1）。他劝勉他们要效法他们祖宗雅各恒切祷告的榜样，这祷告使雅各蒙了神的恩。神是不改变的，他必向雅各的后裔显出与向雅各同样的恩，只要他们像雅各那样寻求神。
1. 吃风——（箴 15:14; 赛 44:20）。追随虚妄的事物，如与拜偶像者及其偶像结盟（参 Ho 8:7）。
东风——即西蒙风，从巴勒斯坦东边的旷野吹来；不仅无益，反而有害。以色列所追随的不仅是虚妄，更是有害之物（参伯 15:2）。
增添谎言——谎上加谎，即以欺骗自己的诡诈自欺，撇弃神的真理。
荒凉——以色列所行的强暴压迫【毛勒】。这些作为必成为以色列自身荒凉的原因【加尔文】。
与……亚述人立约——（Ho 5:13; 7:11）。
油……送到埃及——作为以色列送给埃及的礼物，以争取埃及的联盟（赛 30:6; 57:9；参 2Ki 17:4）。巴勒斯坦以产油闻名（结 27:17）。