1
Jer 50:1-46.
英文原文
Jer 50:1-46.
BABYLON'S COMING DOWNFALL; ISRAEL'S REDEMPTION.
After the predictions of judgment to be inflicted on other nations by Babylon, follows this one against Babylon itself, the longest prophecy, consisting of one hundred verses. The date of utterance was the fourth year of Zedekiah, when Seraiah, to whom it was committed, was sent to Babylon
(Jer 51:59, 60).
The repetitions in it make it likely that it consists of prophecies uttered at different times, now collected by Jeremiah to console the Jews in exile and to vindicate God's ways by exhibiting the final doom of Babylon, the enemy of the people of God, after her long prosperity. The style, imagery, and dialogues prove its genuineness in opposition to those who deny this. It shows his faithfulness; though under obligation to the king of Babylon, he owed a higher one to God, who directed him to prophesy against Babylon.
1. Compare
Isa 45:1-47:15.
But as the time of fulfilment drew nearer, the prophecies are now proportionally more distinct than then.
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2. 要在……列国中传扬——他们必因压迫他们的巴比伦覆亡而欢喜。
旗帜——为要指示列国聚集之处，好在那里听见巴比伦覆亡的好消息[罗森缪勒（ROSENMULLER）]；或者是召集列国一同攻击巴比伦的信号
(耶 51:12, 27)，
[马提（MAURER）]。
彼勒——巴比伦的守护神；与腓尼基人的巴力相同，即"主"、太阳之意
(赛 46:1)。
抱愧——因不能保护受他们庇护的城。
米罗达——另一尊巴比伦偶像；在叙利亚语中意为"小主"；米罗达巴拉但之名即由此而来。
英文原文
2. Declare . . . among . . . nations--who would rejoice at the fall of Babylon their oppressor.
standard--to indicate the place of meeting to the nations where they were to hear the good news of Babylon's fall [ROSENMULLER]; or, the signal to summon the nations together against Babylon
(Jer 51:12, 27),
[MAURER].
Bel--the tutelary god of Babylon; the same idol as the Phœnician Baal, that is, lord, the sun
(Isa 46:1).
confounded--because unable to defend the city under their protection.
Merodach--another Babylonian idol; meaning in Syria "little lord"; from which Merodach-baladan took his name.
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3. 有一国——指玛代人，位于巴比伦以北
(Jer 51:48)。
此处所预言巴比伦的荒废，不仅包括居鲁士所行的，也包括大流士更彻底的毁灭。当巴比伦背叛波斯时，大流士用计谋夺取了巴比伦，残酷地屠杀居民，将四千名贵族绞死；此外还包括巴比伦最终被废弃，因为塞琉古·尼卡托在附近建立了塞琉西亚城。
英文原文
3. a nation--the Medes, north of Babylon
(Jer 51:48).
The devastation of Babylon here foretold includes not only that by Cyrus, but also that more utter one by Darius, who took Babylon by artifice when it had revolted from Persia, and mercilessly slaughtered the inhabitants, hanging four thousand of the nobles; also the final desertion of Babylon, owing to Seleucia having been built close by under Seleucus Nicanor.
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4. 在犹大复兴归回故土之时，"以色列"十支派中有少数人与犹大人一同与神立"约"，这只是部分应验
(Ne 9:38; 10:29)。
完全的实现尚在将来
(Jer 31:9； Ho 1:11； Zec 12:10)。
哭泣——因归回超出所望而喜极流泪；又因记起自己的罪和苦难而悲伤
(Ezr 3:12, 13； Ps 126:5, 6)。
寻求……耶和华——
(Ho 3:5)。
英文原文
4. Fulfilled only in part when some few of the ten tribes of "Israel" joined Judah in a "covenant" with God, at the restoration of Judah to its land
(Ne 9:38; 10:29).
The full event is yet to come
(Jer 31:9; Ho 1:11; Zec 12:10).
weeping--with joy at their restoration beyond all hope; and with sorrow at the remembrance of their sins and sufferings
(Ezr 3:12, 13; Ps 126:5, 6).
seek . . . Lord--
(Ho 3:5).
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5. 往那里去——更当译作"向这里来"，因耶利米说预言的立场是在锡安。"脸向这里"暗示他们立志坚定，途中任何艰难都不能使他们偏离。
永远的约——与"他们所背弃"的旧约相对
(Jer 31:31，
等；Jer 32:40)。
他们必先归向他们的神，然后才归回故土。
英文原文
5. thitherward--rather, "hitherward," Jeremiah's prophetical standpoint being at Zion. "Faces hitherward" implies their steadfastness of purpose not to be turned aside by any difficulties on the way.
perpetual covenant--in contrast to the old covenant "which they brake"
(Jer 31:31, &c.; Jer 32:40).
They shall return to their God first, then to their own land.
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6.
(Isa 53:6)。
在山上——他们在那里向偶像献祭
(Jer 2:20; 3:6, 23)。
安息之所——为"羊"而设，延续此比喻；耶和华是祂羊群的安息之所
(Mt 11:28)。
他们在祂的"怀中"得安息
(Isa 40:11)。
祂在锡安的圣殿也是他们的"安息"，因为是属祂的
(Ps 132:8, 14)。
英文原文
6.
(Isa 53:6).
on the mountains--whereon they sacrificed to idols
(Jer 2:20; 3:6, 23).
resting-place--for the "sheep," continuing the image; Jehovah is the resting-place of His sheep
(Mt 11:28).
They rest in His "bosom"
(Isa 40:11).
Also His temple at Zion, their "rest," because it is His
(Ps 132:8, 14).
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7. 吞吃——
(Ps 79:7)。
"遇见他们"暗示他们暴露在任何遇见他们之人的攻击下。
仇敌说——例如尼布撒拉旦
(Jer 40:2, 3；
比较
Zec 11:5)。
外邦人承认某种至高的神。犹太人的罪如此明显，以致连外邦人的判断也定他们的罪。外邦入侵者从先知那里知道神与犹大有特殊关系
(Jer 2:3； Da 9:16)；
所以他们在此论耶和华用了强烈的话，不是因他们自己敬拜祂，而是因他们信祂是犹大的守护神（"他们列祖所盼望的"，
Ps 22:4；
他们不是说我们的盼望），因为人以为每个国家都有自己的地方神，其权能不越出其境。
居所——
(Ps 90:1; 91:1)。
暗指帐幕，或如
Eze 34:14
的"羊圈"，延续
Jer 50:6
"羊"之"安息之所"的比喻。但此处只能作"居所"
(Jer 31:23)，
这印证了英文译本的译法。
他们列祖所盼望的——这一点特别定犹太人的罪，因他们的背道是离弃了他们列祖曾经历其信实的那位神。同时这些"仇敌"不自觉地用了纠正自己观念的话。与犹太人"列祖"所立的约并未因他们的罪而全然废除，如他们的仇敌所以为的；在他们列祖的神那里，他们仍有一"居所"或避难所。
英文原文
7. devoured--
(Ps 79:7).
"Found them" implies that they were exposed to the attacks of those whoever happened to meet them.
adversaries said--for instance, Nebuzara-dan
(Jer 40:2, 3;
compare
Zec 11:5).
The Gentiles acknowledged some supreme divinity. The Jews' guilt was so palpable that they were condemned even in the judgment of heathens. Some knowledge of God's peculiar relation to Judea reached its heathen invaders from the prophets
(Jer 2:3; Da 9:16);
hence the strong language they use of Jehovah here, not as worshippers of Him themselves, but as believing Him to be the tutelary God of Judah ("the hope of their fathers,"
Ps 22:4;
they do not say our hope), as each country was thought to have its local god, whose power extended no farther.
habitation--
(Ps 90:1; 91:1).
Alluding to the tabernacle, or, as in
Eze 34:14,
"fold," which carries out the image in
Jer 50:6,
"resting-place" of the "sheep." But it can only mean "habitation"
(Jer 31:23),
which confirms English Version here.
hope of their fathers--This especially condemned the Jews that their apostasy was from that God whose faithfulness their fathers had experienced. At the same time these "adversaries" unconsciously use language which corrects their own notions. The covenant with the Jews' "fathers" is not utterly set aside by their sin, as their adversaries thought; there is still "a habitation" or refuge for them with the God of their fathers.
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8.
(Jer 51:6, 45； Isa 48:20； Zec 2:6, 7； Re 18:4)。
要立即把握逃脱的机会。
如……羊群前的公山羊——各人要努力在归回上居先，鼓励软弱的人，正如公山羊走在羊群前；以斯拉的同伴也是如此
(Ezr 1:5, 6)。
英文原文
8.
(Jer 51:6, 45; Isa 48:20; Zec 2:6, 7; Re 18:4).
Immediately avail yourselves of the opportunity of escape.
be as . . . he-goats before . . . flocks--Let each try to be foremost in returning, animating the weak, as he-goats lead the flock; such were the companions of Ezra
(Ezr 1:5, 6).
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9. from thence（从那里）——即从北方之国。
expert（精练）——字面意为"亨通"。箭要能有效杀伤，除了"力量"之外，还需要"精准"。旁注有不同的希伯来文读法："毁灭"，字面意为"使丧子、使无子"
(Jer 15:7)。
七十士译本（Septuagint）与叙利亚译本（Syriac）支持英文译本（English Version）。
In vain（徒然）——不杀中所瞄准之人
(2Sa 1:22)。
英文原文
9. from thence--that is, from the north country.
expert--literally, "prosperous." Besides "might," "expertness" is needed, that an arrow may do execution. The Margin has a different Hebrew reading; "destroying," literally, "bereaving, childless-making"
(Jer 15:7).
The Septuagint and Syriac support English Version.
In vain--without killing him at whom it was aimed
(2Sa 1:22).
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11.
(Isa 47:6)。
grown fat（肥胖）——因而肆无忌惮地跳跃。
at grass（吃草）——肥壮活泼。但希伯来文如此读有性别不一致的问题。Keri（旁注本）较好："踹谷的母牛犊"；最强的牲畜用来踹谷，而律法规定踹谷时不可笼住它的嘴
(De 25:4)，
它就因吃得多而放肆。
bellow as bulls（如公牛咆哮）——宁可译作"如骏马嘶鸣"，字面意为"强壮者"，是骏马的诗体表达（参
Jer 8:16
的注释）[MAURER]。
英文原文
11.
(Isa 47:6).
grown fat--and so, skip wantonly.
at grass--fat and frisky. But there is a disagreement of gender in Hebrew reading thus. The Keri is better: "a heifer threshing"; the strongest were used for threshing, and as the law did not allow their mouth to be muzzled in threshing
(De 25:4),
they waxed wanton with eating.
bellow as bulls--rather, "neigh as steeds," literally, "strong ones," a poetical expression for steeds (see on
Jer 8:16)
[MAURER].
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12. Your mother（你们的母亲）——巴比伦，帝国的首都。
hindermost（末后）——奇妙的改变：从前为世界之皇后的巴比伦，如今竟成了列国之末，最终成为"旷野"，不再为一国！
英文原文
12. Your mother--Babylon, the metropolis of the empire.
hindermost--marvellous change, that Babylon, once the queen of the world, should be now the hindermost of nations, and at last, becoming "a desert," cease to be a nation!
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13.
(Isa 13:20)。
英文原文
13.
(Isa 13:20).
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14. 号召玛代军队攻打巴比伦。
against the Lord（敌对耶和华）——因他们欺压祂的百姓，百姓的事就是祂的事。又因他们亵渎祂的圣器
(Da 5:2)。
英文原文
14. Summons to the Median army to attack Babylon.
against the Lord--By oppressing His people, their cause is His cause. Also by profaning His sacred vessels
(Da 5:2).
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15. Shout（呐喊）——以战呼互相激励发动攻击。
given . . . hand（交出……手）——习语，意为"顺服"征服者
(1Ch 29:24，
旁注；
La 5:6)。
as she hath done, do unto her（她怎样待人，也要怎样待她）——同类公义的报应。她既毁灭多人，也必照样被毁灭
(Ps 137:8)。
属灵的巴比伦也是如此
(Re 18:6)。
这是对的，因为这是"耶和华的报仇"；但这并不能为私人同类的报复辩护
(Mt 5:44; Ro 12:19-21)；
旧约律法虽比新约更具严厉之气，却也禁止私人报复
(Ex 23:4, 5; Pr 25:21, 22)。
英文原文
15. Shout--Inspirit one another to the onset with the battle cry.
given . . . hand--an idiom for, "submitted to" the conquerors
(1Ch 29:24,
Margin;
La 5:6).
as she hath done, do unto her--just retribution in kind. She had destroyed many, so must she be destroyed
(Ps 137:8).
So as to spiritual Babylon
(Re 18:6).
This is right because "it is the vengeance of the Lord"; but this will not justify private revenge in kind
(Mt 5:44; Ro 12:19-21);
even the Old Testament law forbade this, though breathing a sterner spirit than the New Testament
(Ex 23:4, 5; Pr 25:21, 22).
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16. 巴比伦与其说是一座城，不如说是一个国家的规模。因此城内有谷物种植，足以支撑长期围困[ARISTOTLE, Politics, 3.2; PLINY, 18.17]。征服者通常放过农夫，但此例中所有人都要"被剪除"。
for fear of . . . oppressing sword（因怕……欺压的刀剑）——因欺压者的刀剑。
every one to his people（各归本族）——他们原被迦勒底征服者从四方迁到巴比伦
(Jer 51:9; Isa 13:14)。
英文原文
16. Babylon had the extent rather of a nation than of a city. Therefore grain was grown within the city wall sufficient to last for a long siege [ARISTOTLE, Politics, 3.2; PLINY, 18.17]. Conquerors usually spare agriculturists, but in this case all alike were to be "cut off."
for fear of . . . oppressing sword--because of the sword of the oppressor.
every one to his people--from which they had been removed to Babylon from all quarters by the Chaldean conquerors
(Jer 51:9; Isa 13:14).
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17. lions（狮子）——敌挡的君王
(Jer 4:7; 49:19)。
Assyria（亚述）——
(2Ki 17:6，
撒缦以色；
Ezr 4:2，
以撒哈顿)。
Nebuchadnezzar（尼布甲尼撒）——
(2Ki 24:10, 14)。
英文原文
17. lions--hostile kings
(Jer 4:7; 49:19).
Assyria--
(2Ki 17:6,
Shalmaneser;
Ezr 4:2,
Esar-haddon).
Nebuchadnezzar--
(2Ki 24:10, 14).
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18. punish . . . king of Babylon（刑罚……巴比伦王）——尼波尼达或拉比尼图。
as . . . punished . . . Assyrian（如……刑罚了……亚述王）——西拿基立等诸王 [GROTIUS]
(2Ki 19:37)。
英文原文
18. punish . . . king of Babylon--Nabonidus, or Labynitus.
as . . . punished . . . Assyrian--Sennacherib and other kings [GROTIUS]
(2Ki 19:37).
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19.
(Isa 65:10; Eze 34:13, 14)。
英文原文
19.
(Isa 65:10; Eze 34:13, 14).
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20. 提到"以色列"以及犹大，表明所指是将来的时代。
iniquity . . . none（罪孽……无）——不仅指偶像崇拜（犹太人自巴比伦之掳以来已永远弃绝），更是指他们弃绝弥赛亚。如同已注销的债，必像从未有过一样；神为基督的缘故，必待他们如无辜
(Jer 31:34)。
若不除掉罪，刑罚的赦免既不能荣耀神，也不能达成选民最高的利益。
whom I reserve（我所留下的）——即选民"余民"
(Isa 1:9)。
"剩余的人"
(Zec 14:2; 13:8, 9)。
英文原文
20. The specification of "Israel," as well as Judah, shows the reference is to times yet to come.
iniquity . . . none--not merely idolatry, which ceased among the Jews ever since the Babylonian captivity, but chiefly their rejection of Messiah. As in a cancelled debt, it shall be as if it had never been; God, for Christ's sake, shall treat them as innocent
(Jer 31:34).
Without cleansing away of sin, remission of punishment would be neither to the honor of God nor to the highest interests of the elect.
whom I reserve--the elect "remnant"
(Isa 1:9).
The "residue"
(Zec 14:2; 13:8, 9).
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21. Merathaim（米拉大温）——巴比伦的象征名，意为双重背叛，即背叛神。参
Jer 50:24，
"你与耶和华争竞"；和
Jer 50:29，
"向耶和华擅自骄傲"。"双重"指：先是亚述人欺压以色列；其次是同族的迦勒底人欺压犹大
(参
Jer 50:17-20, 33；
特别是
Jer 50:18)。
Pekod（比割）——
(Eze 23:23)；
亚述的主要省份，现已倾覆的尼尼微曾在其境内。但与米拉大温一样，此处暗指比割之意，即"访问"；其居民当受惩罚的访问之时到了；但也不无指现在的巴比伦省比割之意。对巴比伦的访问，是对亚述之访问的延续。
after them（在他们之后）——甚至他们的后裔，以及巴比伦所剩的一切，直到这名号全然灭绝 [GROTIUS]。毁坏那城，是在其居民离开之后。
all . . . I . . . commanded（凡……我……所吩咐的）——借以赛亚所吩咐的
(Isa 13:1
等)。
英文原文
21. Merathaim--a symbolical name for Babylon, the doubly rebellious, namely, against God. Compare
Jer 50:24,
"thou hast striven against the Lord"; and
Jer 50:29,
"proud against the Lord." The "doubly" refers to: first, the Assyrian's oppression of Israel; next, the kindred Chaldean's oppression of Judah (compare
Jer 50:17-20, 33;
especially
Jer 50:18).
Pekod--
(Eze 23:23);
a chief province of Assyria, in which Nineveh, now overthrown, once lay. But, as in Merathaim, the allusion is to the meaning of Pekod, namely, "visitation"; the inhabitants whose time of deserved visitation in punishment is come; not, however, without reference to the now Babylonian province, Pekod. The visitation on Babylon was a following up of that on Assyria.
after them--even their posterity, and all that is still left of Babylon, until the very name is extinct [GROTIUS]. Devastate the city, after its inhabitants have deserted it.
all . . . I . . . commanded--by Isaiah
(Isa 13:1,
&c.).
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23. hammer（锤子）——即巴比伦，如此称呼是因其庞大的毁灭力；正如"Martel"（即"小锤"）是法兰克一位国王的姓氏
(Isa 14:6)。
英文原文
23. hammer--that is, Babylon, so called because of its ponderous destructive power; just as "Martel," that is, "a little hammer," was the surname of a king of the Franks
(Isa 14:6).
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24. I（我）——你所对付的是神，不仅是人。
taken . . . not aware（被取……不觉）——[HERODOTUS]记载，城的一半被攻取时，另一半的人还"不觉"。古列将受防御的伯拉大河的水引入另一河道，便在夜间从干涸的河床进城，由上门和下门而入
(Da 5:30, 31)。
英文原文
24. I--Thou hast to do with God, not merely with men.
taken . . . not aware--HERODOTUS relates that one half of the city was taken before those in the other half were "aware" of it. Cyrus turned the waters of the Euphrates where it was defended into a different channel, and so entered the city by the dried-up channel at night, by the upper and lower gates
(Da 5:30, 31).
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25. weapons of his indignation（他忿怒的兵器）——即玛代人和波斯人
(Isa 13:5)。
英文原文
25. weapons of his indignation--the Medes and Persians
(Isa 13:5).
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26. from the utmost border——即地的极处。或作"从四面八方" [LUDOVICUS DE DIEU]。
storehouses——或作"她装满人与货物的房屋" [MICHAELIS]。当居鲁士攻取它时，在那里所找到的粮食足以供应许多年。
as heaps——使那曾荣耀的城成为废墟堆。如今巨大的瓦烁堆标示着古巴比伦的遗址。"践踏她如同打谷场上惯常被践踏的谷物堆" [GROTIUS]。
英文原文
26. from the utmost border--namely, of the earth. Or, from all sides [LUDOVICUS DE DIEU].
storehouses--or, "her houses filled with men and goods" [MICHAELIS]. When Cyrus took it, the provisions found there were enough to have lasted for many years.
as heaps--make of the once glorious city heaps of ruins. Vast mounds of rubbish now mark the site of ancient Babylon. "Tread her as heaps of corn which are wont to be trodden down in the threshing-floor" [GROTIUS].
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27. bullocks——即君王与壮士
(Jer 46:21； Ps 22:12； Isa 34:7)。
go down to . . . slaughter——屠宰场位于河边低处；故说"下去"；适合于幼发拉底河上的巴比伦，那里是杀戮者进城的大道。
英文原文
27. bullocks--that is, princes and strong warriors
(Jer 46:21; Ps 22:12; Isa 34:7).
go down to . . . slaughter--The slaughterhouses lay low beside the river; therefore it is said, "go down"; appropriate to Babylon on the Euphrates, the avenue through which the slaughterers entered the city.
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28. declare in Zion . . . temple——巴比伦倾覆时，一些"逃离"巴比伦的犹太人必在犹大传述神如何为被亵渎的锡安与其圣殿复仇
(Jer 52:13； Da 1:2；5:2)。
英文原文
28. declare in Zion . . . temple--Some Jews "fleeing" from Babylon at its fall shall tell in Judea how God avenged the cause of Zion and her temple that had been profaned
(Jer 52:13; Da 1:2; 5:2).
29
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29. archers——字面意为"极多且强盛"；故这希伯来文词用于弓箭手
(Job 16:13)
因其箭众多而有力。
according to all that she hath done——（见
Jer 50:15
的注释）。
proud against the Lord——不仅对人残忍
(Isa 47:10)。
英文原文
29. archers--literally, "very many and powerful"; hence the Hebrew word is used of archers
(Job 16:13)
from the multitude and force of their arrows.
according to all that she hath done--(See on
Jer 50:15).
proud against the Lord--not merely cruel towards men
(Isa 47:10).
30
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30.（见
Jer 49:26
的注释）。
in the streets——巴比伦人因数败而气馁，退守城墙之内，不肯再到战场上与居鲁士交锋。
英文原文
30. (See on
Jer 49:26).
in the streets--The Babylonians were so discouraged by having lost some battles that they retired within their walls and would not again meet Cyrus in the field.
31
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31. most proud——字面意为"pride"（骄傲）；即骄傲的人；指巴比伦王。
visit——即刑罚
(Jer 50:27)。
英文原文
31. most proud--literally, "pride"; that is, man of pride; the king of Babylon.
visit--punish
(Jer 50:27).
33
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33. Israel and . . . Judah were oppressed——他先设一异议为要答复：你们固然曾被"欺压"，因此对拯救绝望；但要记得你们的"救赎主大有能力"，因此能也必拯救你们。
英文原文
33. Israel and . . . Judah were oppressed--He anticipates an objection, in order to answer it: Ye have been, no doubt, "oppressed," therefore ye despair of deliverance; but, remember your "Redeemer is strong," and therefore can and will deliver you.
34
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34. strong——与以色列欺压者的势力相对
(Re 18:8)。
plead . . . cause——作为他们的辩护者。从法庭取象；适合，因神不是单凭权能，而是凭公义拯救祂的百姓。祂对撒但与众仇敌的抗辩，是祂自己永远的爱，在救赎者的作为与位格上使怜悯与公义和好
(Mic 7:9； Zec 3:1-5； 1Jo 2:1)。
give rest . . . disquiet——两个希伯来文动词的谐音被利用，以更生动地表达对比："好使祂使犹大地得安息（从前被巴比伦搅扰）；却使巴比伦的居民不得安宁"（从前安然无虑）
(Isa 14:6-8)。
英文原文
34. strong--as opposed to the power of Israel's oppressor
(Re 18:8).
plead . . . cause--as their advocate. Image from a court of justice; appropriate as God delivers His people not by mere might, but by righteousness. His plea against Satan and all their enemies is His own everlasting love, reconciling mercy and justice in the Redeemer's work and person
(Mic 7:9; Zec 3:1-5; 1Jo 2:1).
give rest . . . disquiet--There is a play on the similarity of sounds in the two Hebrew verbs to express more vividly the contrast: "that He may give quiet to the land of Judah (heretofore disquieted by Babylon); but disquiet to the inhabitants of Babylon" (heretofore quietly secure)
(Isa 14:6-8).
35
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35-37. 每节开头重复"A sword"（有剑），借首语重复（anaphora）的修辞手法增强效果；重复的审判是普遍的；同样的剑之重击落在与有罪的巴比伦相连的每一个人和每一件事上。
wise men——
(Isa 47:13)。
巴比伦自夸是智慧与智者的独特所在，尤其在天文与星象方面。
英文原文
35-37. The repetition of "A sword" in the beginning of each verse, by the figure anaphora, heightens the effect; the reiterated judgment is universal; the same sad stroke of the sword is upon each and all connected with guilty Babylon.
wise men--
(Isa 47:13).
Babylon boasted that it was the peculiar seat of wisdom and wise men, especially in astronomy and astrology.
36
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36. liars——他先前称为"智者"的人，此处称为"说谎者"（骗子），即占星家（参
Isa 44:25； Ro 1:21-25； 1Co 1:20)。
英文原文
36. liars--Those whom he before termed "wise men," he here calls "liars" (impostors), namely, the astrologers (compare
Isa 44:25; Ro 1:21-25; 1Co 1:20).
37
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37. as women——失去一切男子气概
(Na 3:13)。
英文原文
37. as women--divested of all manliness
(Na 3:13).
38
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38. drought——若改动元音点，本节可如前三节那样以"A sword"（有剑）开头。然而所有带元音点的抄本读作"A drought"（干旱），如English Version。居鲁士将幼发拉底河水引入新河道，借干涸的河床进入城内
(Jer 51:32)。
巴比伦曾以谷物闻名，常有一百至二百倍的收成 [HERODOTUS]。这是因其从幼发拉底河引水灌溉的水道网；其痕迹 [LAYARD] 至今四面可见，却已干涸荒凉
(Isa 44:27)。
their idols——字面意为"terrors"（可畏之物）。他们狂热追随的偶像，与其说能吸引，不如说能吓人
(Jer 51:44, 47, 52； Da 3:1)。
不过是吓小孩的怪物罢了。
英文原文
38. drought--Altering the pointing, this verse will begin as the three previous verses, "A sword." However, all the pointed manuscripts read, "A drought," as English Version. Cyrus turned off the waters of the Euphrates into a new channel and so marched through the dried-up bed into the city
(Jer 51:32).
Babylonia once was famed for its corn, which often yielded from one to two hundredfold [HERODOTUS]. This was due to its network of water-courses from the Euphrates for irrigation, traces of which [LAYARD] are seen still on all sides, but dry and barren
(Isa 44:27).
their idols--literally, "terrors." They are mad after idols that are more calculated to frighten than to attract
(Jer 51:44, 47, 52; Da 3:1).
Mere bugbears with which to frighten children.
39
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39. wild beasts of the desert——野猫，以其嚅叫闻名 [BOCHART]。
wild beasts of the islands——胡狼（见
Isa 13:21
的注释）。
owls——应作"female ostriches"（雌鸵鸟）；它们喜爱荒凉之处。字面意为"daughters of crying"（哭泣之女）。论属灵的巴比伦，参
Re 18:2。
no more inhabited for ever——词语的累积是为表达巴比伦的最终与彻底灭亡；不是立刻应验，而是逐渐应验；居鲁士夺去其首位。大流士·希斯塔斯普斯在它叛变时剥夺其防御工事。西流古·尼卡诺将其居民与财富迁至他在附近所建的西流基；帕提亚人将余下的一切迁至忒西丰。到罗马皇帝哈德良时，只剩城墙尚存。
英文原文
39. wild beasts of the desert--wild cats, remarkable for their howl [BOCHART].
wild beasts of the islands--jackals (See on
Isa 13:21).
owls--rather, "female ostriches"; they delight in solitary places. Literally, "daughters of crying." Compare as to spiritual Babylon,
Re 18:2.
no more inhabited for ever--The accumulation of phrases is to express the final and utter extinction of Babylon; fulfilled not immediately, but by degrees; Cyrus took away its supremacy. Darius Hystaspes deprived it, when it had rebelled, of its fortifications. Seleucus Nicanor removed its citizens and wealth to Seleucia, which he founded in the neighborhood; and the Parthians removed all that was left to Ctesiphon. Nothing but its walls was left under the Roman emperor Adrian.
40
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40.
(Isa 13:19)。
重复自
Jer 49:18。
英文原文
40.
(Isa 13:19).
Repeated from
Jer 49:18.
41
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41-43.（比较
Jer 6:22-24)。
用来描述巴比伦加于锡安之灾祸的言语，与这里用来描述巴比伦自己所受、由玛代人加于其上之灾祸的言语，完全相同。同类报应。
kinds——即玛代波斯帝国各省的盟友与总督：亚美尼亚、希尔卡尼亚、吕底亚等。
coasts——即偏远之地。
英文原文
41-43. (Compare
Jer 6:22-24).
The very language used to describe the calamities which Babylon inflicted on Zion is that here employed to describe Babylon's own calamity inflicted by the Medes. Retribution in kind.
kinds--the allies and satraps of the various provinces of the Medo-Persian empire: Armenia, Hyrcania, Lydia, &c.
coasts--the remote parts.
42
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42. cruel——这是波斯人的性格，甚至居鲁士亦然，尽管他愿被视为宽宏
(Isa 13:18)。
like a man——他们的"阵"如此整齐划一，全军如一人前进争战 [GROTIUS]。
英文原文
42. cruel--the character of the Persians, and even of Cyrus, notwithstanding his wish to be thought magnanimous
(Isa 13:18).
like a man--So orderly and united is their "array," that the whole army moves to battle as one man [GROTIUS].
43
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43. hands waxed feeble——未作任何抵抗；正如 HERODOTUS 所述，立即被制伏。
英文原文
43. hands waxed feeble--attempted no resistance; immediately was overcome, as HERODOTUS tells us.
44
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44-46. 主要重复自
Jer 49:19-21。
神对待以东与对待巴比伦的原则相同，这从两者所用言语的相似性暗示出来。
英文原文
44-46. Repeated mainly from
Jer 49:19-21.
The identity of God's principle in His dealing with Edom, and in that with Babylon, is implied by the similarity of language as to both.
46
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46. cry . . . among the nations——论以东是："其呼声在红海也被听见"。这变化暗示巴比伦倾覆的响声将被听见的范围更广。
英文原文
46. cry . . . among the nations--In Edom's case it is, "at the cry the noise thereof was heard in the Red Sea." The change implies the wider extent to which the crash of Babylon's downfall shall be heard.
耶 50:1-46。
巴比伦将临的覆亡；以色列的救赎。
在论及巴比伦要加于列国的审判之后，接着是这篇针对巴比伦本身的预言，是全书最长的一篇，共一百节。预言发出的年代是西底家第四年，那时受托此预言的西莱雅被派往巴比伦
(耶 51:59, 60)。
其中多有重复，看来是不同时期所说的预言，如今由耶利米收集在一起，为要安慰被掳的犹太人，并借着展示神的百姓之仇敌巴比伦在长久兴盛之后的最终结局，来辩明神的作为。其文体、意象和对话，都证明它是真的，反驳了那些否定其真实性的人。这表明了他的忠心：他虽对巴比伦王有义务，对神却更有更高的义务；是神吩咐他说预言攻击巴比伦。
1. 试将
赛 45:1-47:15
相比较。但随着应验的时间临近，预言如今也比以前更为清晰了。