1
Job 30:1-31.
英文原文
Job 30:1-31.
1. younger--not the three friends
(Job 15:10; 32:4, 6, 7).
A general description:
Job 30:1-8,
the lowness of the persons who derided him;
Job 30:9-15,
the derision itself. Formerly old men rose to me
(Job 29:8).
Now not only my juniors, who are bound to reverence me
(Le 19:32),
but even the mean and base-born actually deride me; opposed to, "smiled upon"
(Job 29:24).
This goes farther than even the "mockery" of Job by relations and friends
(Job 12:4; 16:10, 20; 17:2, 6; 19:22).
Orientals feel keenly any indignity shown by the young. Job speaks as a rich Arabian emir, proud of his descent.
dogs--regarded with disgust in the East as unclean
(1Sa 17:43; Pr 26:11).
They are not allowed to enter a house, but run about wild in the open air, living on offal and chance morsels
(Ps 59:14, 15).
Here again we are reminded of Jesus Christ
(Ps 22:16).
"Their fathers, my coevals, were so mean and famished that I would not have associated them with (not to say, set them over) my dogs in guarding my flock."
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2. 他们的父亲既不能给我带来益处，何况儿子呢？他们比父辈更软弱，且因体质孱弱，活到老年的指望全然断绝（伯5:26）[毛雷尔（MAURER）]。即使他们“手上有力气”，如今对我也没有用处，因我在眼前的苦难中所需要的，不过是同情而已。
英文原文
2. If their fathers could be of no profit to me, much less the sons, who are feebler than their sires; and in whose case the hope of attaining old age is utterly gone, so puny are they
(Job 5:26)
[MAURER]. Even if they had "strength of hands," that could be now of no use to me, as all I want in my present affliction is sympathy.
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3. 凄凉孤寂（solitary）——原文作“坚如磐石”；故更当译作“枯干”，即因饥饿而消瘦。约伯所描述的是沙漠中最粗野的贝都因（Bedouin）种族[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]。
逃奔（fleeing）——七十士译本（Septuagint）如此译。更佳的译法，如叙利亚译本、阿拉伯译本与武加大译本（Vulgate）：“旷野的啃噬者”。他们所啃的是什么，记在伯30:4。
从前的时候（in former time）——原文作“荒凉废墟的昨夜”（最彻底的荒凉，结6:14）；即那些对人可怖如夜的荒漠，甚至在那些地方，也是自古如此。我认为幽暗[格塞纽斯（GESENIUS）]与古远[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]两层意思都包含在这字里。（赛30:33，边注）。
英文原文
3. solitary--literally, "hard as a rock"; so translate, rather, "dried up," emaciated with hunger. Job describes the rudest race of Bedouins of the desert [UMBREIT].
fleeing--So the Septuagint. Better, as Syriac, Arabic, and Vulgate, "gnawers of the wilderness." What they gnaw follows in
Job 30:4.
in former time--literally, the "yesternight of desolation and waste" (the most utter desolation;
Eze 6:14);
that is, those deserts frightful as night to man, and even there from time immemorial. I think both ideas are in the words darkness [GESENIUS] and antiquity [UMBREIT].
(Isa 30:33,
Margin).
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4. 锦葵（mallows）——更当译作“盐草”，生于沙漠，穷人当作沙拉食用[毛雷尔（MAURER）]。
在灌木丛旁（by the bushes）——即灌木丛中。
杜松（juniper）——更当译作一种金雀花，即 Spartium junceum[林奈（LINNÆUS）]，至今在阿拉伯仍如约伯记希伯来文所称的 retem，其苦根为穷人食用。
英文原文
4. mallows--rather, "salt-wort," which grows in deserts and is eaten as a salad by the poor [MAURER].
by the bushes--among the bushes.
juniper--rather, a kind of broom, Spartium junceum [LINNÆUS], still called in Arabia, as in the Hebrew of Job, retem, of which the bitter roots are eaten by the poor.
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5. 他们呼喊（they cried）——即“有人高喊”。表达文明且出身良好的阿拉伯人对这种族的蔑视。当这些野蛮流浪者袭击村庄时，便被赶走，如同赶贼一样。
英文原文
5. they cried--that is, "a cry is raised." Expressing the contempt felt for this race by civilized and well-born Arabs. When these wild vagabonds make an incursion on villages, they are driven away, as thieves would be.
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6. 他们被迫“居住”。
谷中的陡崖（cliffs of the valleys）——更当译作“在幽暗的谷中”；原文作“在山谷的幽暗中”，即 wadi（旱谷）中。在东方，住在谷中是悲惨的标记。穴居人（troglodytes）在阿拉伯某些地方就住在洞穴那样的居所里。
英文原文
6. They are forced "to dwell."
cliffs of the valleys--rather, "in the gloomy valleys"; literally, "in the gloom of the valleys," or wadies. To dwell in valleys is, in the East, a mark of wretchedness. The troglodytes, in parts of Arabia, lived in such dwellings as caves.
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7. 鸣叫（brayed）——如野驴（伯6:5，为食物而鸣）。这未开化暴民的含糊叫声，仅比田野走兽略高一等。
聚在一处（gathered together）——更当译作：三三两两地散布。原文作“倾倒出来”，生动描绘他们杂乱的扎营方式，在荆棘丛后东倒西歪。
荨麻（nettles）——或作荆棘[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]。
英文原文
7. brayed--like the wild ass
(Job 6:5
for food). The inarticulate tones of this uncivilized rabble are but little above those of the beast of the field.
gathered together--rather, sprinkled here and there. Literally, "poured out," graphically picturing their disorderly mode of encampment, lying up and down behind the thorn bushes.
nettles--or brambles [UMBREIT].
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8. 愚顽人（fools）——即不敬虔、堕落之人（撒上25:25）。
卑贱（base）——无名的、出身低微的暴民。
比……更卑（viler than, &c.）——更当译作：他们被驱逐或被打出那地。西珥山（Mount Seir）的何利人（Horites）（创14:6，与创36:20、21；申2:12、22比较）大概就是原住民，被约伯祖先所属的部族赶出；他们的名字意为穴居人（troglodytae），即“洞穴居住者”。约伯在此暗指他们（伯30:1-8，并创24:4-8，一并比较）。
英文原文
8. fools--that is, the impious and abandoned
(1Sa 25:25).
base--nameless, low-born rabble.
viler than, &c.--rather, they were driven or beaten out of the land. The Horites in Mount Seir
(Ge 14:6
with which compare
Ge 36:20, 21; De 2:12, 22)
were probably the aborigines, driven out by the tribe to which Job's ancestors belonged; their name means troglodytæ, or "dwellers in caves." To these Job alludes here
(Job 30:1-8, and Ge 24:4-8,
which compare together).
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9. （伯17:6）。与耶稣基督所受的戏笑极为相似（哀3:14；诗69:12）。此处约伯回到伯30:1的情怀。我对这样的人竟成了“戏弄”之歌。
英文原文
9.
(Job 17:6).
Strikingly similar to the derision Jesus Christ underwent
(La 3:14; Ps 69:12).
Here Job returns to the sentiment in
Job 30:1.
It is to such I am become a song of "derision."
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10. 在我脸上（in my face）——更当译作：不避讳在我脸前故意吐唾沫以示轻蔑。在东方，在别人面前吐唾沫已被视为侮辱，更不用说为表明“厌恶”而吐了。试比较对耶稣基督进一步的侮辱（赛50:6；太26:67）。
英文原文
10. in my face--rather, refrain not to spit in deliberate contempt before my face. To spit at all in presence of another is thought in the East insulting, much more so when done to mark "abhorrence." Compare the further insult to Jesus Christ
(Isa 50:6; Mt 26:67).
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11. 祂（He）——即“神”；与“他们”相对；英文译本（English Version）此处依边注读法（Keri）。
我的绳（my cord）——取自卸下弓弦的意象；与伯29:20相对。正文（Chetib）作“祂的绳”或“辔头”更佳；“是的，各人放松自己的辔头”[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]。
英文原文
11. He--that is, "God"; antithetical to "they"; English Version here follows the marginal reading (Keri).
my cord--image from a bow unstrung; opposed to
Job 29:20.
The text (Chetib), "His cord" or "reins" is better; "yea, each lets loose his reins" [UMBREIT].
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12. youth——更宜译作一群(卑贱的)乌合之众。在右手边起来即指控告,因在法庭上那正是控告者所站的位置
(Zec 3:1; Ps 109:6)。
push . . . feet——把我推挤开去
(Job 24:4)。
ways of——即他们的(以我为目标的)毁灭之路。此喻象取自攻城军队为逼近城池而修筑进路,如
Job 19:12 所述。
英文原文
12. youth--rather, a (low) brood. To rise on the right hand is to accuse, as that was the position of the accuser in court
(Zec 3:1; Ps 109:6).
push . . . feet--jostle me out of the way
(Job 24:4).
ways of--that is, their ways of (that is, with a view to my) destruction. Image, as in
Job 19:12,
from a besieging army throwing up a way of approach for itself to a city.
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13. 被围攻堡垒的喻象仍延续。他们拆毁了那可使救援达到我处的路。
set forward——见
(Zec 1:15)。
they have no helper——阿拉伯谚语指可鄙之人。然而连这样的人也苦待约伯。
英文原文
13. Image of an assailed fortress continued. They tear up the path by which succor might reach me.
set forward--
(Zec 1:15).
they have no helper--Arabic proverb for contemptible persons. Yet even such afflict Job.
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14. waters——(如
2Sa 5:20)。
但保留
Job 30:12, 13
的喻象更佳。“他们如同宽阔的破口而来[于我]”,即攻城者在堡垒墙上所打的破口
(Isa 30:13)
[MAURER]。
in the desolation——“在崩塌之中”,指倒塌砖石的碎裂声,或“伴着如崩塌般的呼喊声”等等。
英文原文
14. waters--(So
2Sa 5:20).
But it is better to retain the image of
Job 30:12, 13.
"They came [upon me] as through a wide breach," namely, made by the besiegers in the wall of a fortress
(Isa 30:13)
[MAURER].
in the desolation--"Amidst the crash" of falling masonry, or "with a shout like the crash" of, &c.
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15. they——指惊吓。
soul——更宜作“我的尊严”[UMBREIT]。
welfare——兴盛。
cloud——见
(Job 7:9; Isa 44:22)。
英文原文
15. they--terrors.
soul--rather, "my dignity" [UMBREIT].
welfare--prosperity.
cloud--
(Job 7:9; Isa 44:22).
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16-23. 约伯外在的灾祸影响了他的心。
poured out——于无法抑制的抱怨之中\n (Ps 42:4; Jos 7:5)。
英文原文
16-23. Job's outward calamities affect his mind.
poured out--in irrepressible complaints
(Ps 42:4; Jos 7:5).
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17. 希伯来文中,“夜”被诗意地拟人化,如\n Job 3:3:
“夜刺透我的骨头(使之)从我脱落”(不是如英文译本所译“在我里面”;见\n Job 30:30)。
sinews——阿拉伯语作“静脉”,与希伯来文同源;更宜作“啃嗑者”(见\n Job 30:3),
即我啃嗑之痛永不止息。这是象皮病的症状。
英文原文
17. In the Hebrew, night is poetically personified, as in
Job 3:3:
"night pierceth my bones (so that they fall) from me" (not as English Version, "in me"; see
Job 30:30).
sinews--so the Arabic, "veins," akin to the Hebrew; rather, "gnawers" (see on
Job 30:3),
namely, my gnawing pains never cease. Effects of elephantiasis.
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18. of my disease——更宜作:“神”\n (Job 23:6)。
garment changed——从尊荣之袍变为丧服,字面之意\n (Job 2:8; Joh 3:6)
与隐喻之意[UMBREIT]皆然。或更宜如 SCHUTTENS,承接\n Job 30:17,作:我的外衣变为灾难;即灾难成了我的外衣;它又如里衣的领口紧绑住我(的喉咙);即它既是我里衣也是我外衣。注意里衣与外衣的区分。后者指他从外而来的苦难\n (Job 30:1-13);
前者指他个人的苦难\n (Job 30:14-23)。
UMBREIT 以“神”作“绑住”的主语,如\n Job 30:19。
英文原文
18. of my disease--rather, "of God"
(Job 23:6).
garment changed--from a robe of honor to one of mourning, literally
(Job 2:8; Joh 3:6)
and metaphorically [UMBREIT]. Or rather, as SCHUTTENS, following up
Job 30:17,
My outer garment is changed into affliction; that is, affliction has become my outer garment; it also bindeth me fast round (my throat) as the collar of the inner coat; that is, it is both my inner and outer garment. Observe the distinction between the inner and outer garments. The latter refers to his afflictions from without
(Job 30:1-13);
the former his personal afflictions
(Job 30:14-23).
UMBREIT makes "God" subject to "bindeth," as in
Job 30:19.
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19. 诗体上说,神作了哀伤者对自己所作的事\n (Job 2:8)。
他既躺在灰中,便与灰一样肮脏的颜色。
英文原文
19. God is poetically said to do that which the mourner had done to himself
(Job 2:8).
With lying in the ashes he had become, like them, in dirty color.
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20. stand up——恳求者在王面前敬畏的姿态\n (1Ki 8:14; Lu 18:11-13)。
not——从首句补上。但中间的肯定词“站”使这种省略不太可能。更宜如\n Job 16:9
所译,(你不仅拒绝帮助我这“站着”恳求的人,而且)你以皱眉看我:严厉地盯着我。
英文原文
20. stand up--the reverential attitude of a suppliant before a king
(1Ki 8:14; Lu 18:11-13).
not--supplied from the first clause. But the intervening affirmative "stand" makes this ellipsis unlikely. Rather, as in
Job 16:9
(not only dost thou refuse aid to me "standing" as a suppliant, but), thou dost regard me with a frown: eye me sternly.
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22. liftest . . . to wind——如“落叶”或“碎秸”\n (Job 13:25)。
旅行者所述被风卷至云霄的移动沙柱,若为约伯所暗指,正好描绘约伯激动的心。
dissolvest . . . substance——旁记希伯来文读法(Kərî)作“我的财富”,或作“智慧”,即理智与精神,或“我得拯救之望”。但正文(Chətîb)更佳:你(以恐惧,\n Ex 15:15)
在崩塌中(旋风的;见\n Job 30:14)
将我溶化\n [MAURER]。UMBREIT 译作动词:“你吓坏了我。”
英文原文
22. liftest . . . to wind--as a "leaf" or "stubble"
(Job 13:25).
The moving pillars of sand, raised by the wind to the clouds, as described by travellers, would happily depict Job's agitated spirit, if it be to them that he alludes.
dissolvest . . . substance--The marginal Hebrew reading (Keri), "my wealth," or else "wisdom," that is, sense and spirit, or "my hope of deliverance." But the text (Chetib) is better: Thou dissolvest me (with fear,
Ex 15:15)
in the crash (of the whirlwind; see on
Job 30:14)
[MAURER]. UMBREIT translates as a verb, "Thou terrifiest me."
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23. 这表明\n Job 19:25
不能局限于约伯对今世拯救的盼望。
death——如\n Job 28:22,
指死者之境\n (Heb 9:27; Ge 3:19)。
英文原文
23. This shows
Job 19:25
cannot be restricted to Job's hope of a temporal deliverance.
death--as in
Job 28:22,
the realm of the dead
(Heb 9:27; Ge 3:19).
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24. 表达约伯对死后状态的信心。虽人必下坟墓,他却不在身体朽坏中(希伯来文作“坟墓”)再苦待人——若人在被毁灭时曾向他呼求。死后他伸手刑罚,与第二句中发出祷告的“呼声”相对。MAURER 提供另一种译法,与\n Job 30:24-31
的上下文相符:受苦之人求援本是自然的,为何(在三友看来)在我的情形中就算为错呢?“然而人在灾难中岂不伸手(恳求帮助,\n Job 30:20; La 1:17)?人若在他的灾祸(毁灭)中,岂不因此有‘呼声’(求救)?”如此,在平行结构中“呼声”对应“伸手”;“在他的灾祸中”对应“在灾难中”。首句的否定当补在第二句中,如\n Job 30:25
(Job 28:17)。
英文原文
24. Expressing Job's faith as to the state after death. Though one must go to the grave, yet He will no more afflict in the ruin of the body (so Hebrew for "grave") there, if one has cried to Him when being destroyed. The "stretching of His hand" to punish after death answers antithetically to the raising "the cry" of prayer in the second clause. MAURER gives another translation which accords with the scope of
Job 30:24-31;
if it be natural for one in affliction to ask aid, why should it be considered (by the friends) wrong in my case? "Nevertheless does not a man in ruin stretch out his hand" (imploring help,
Job 30:20; La 1:17)?
If one be in his calamity (destruction) is there not therefore a "cry" (for aid)? Thus in the parallelism "cry" answers to "stretch--hand"; "in his calamity," to "in ruin." The negative of the first clause is to be supplied in the second, as in
Job 30:25
(Job 28:17).
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25. 我岂不可被允许抱怨我的灾难、恳求解救么?何况我自己曾同情那些“遭难的人”(字面作“日子难过的人”)。
英文原文
25. May I not be allowed to complain of my calamity, and beg relief, seeing that I myself sympathized with those "in trouble" (literally, "hard of day"; those who had a hard time of it).
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26. 我可以被允许恳求帮助,因为“我指望福(因我的敬虔与慈善),灾祸却”等等。
light——见\n (Job 22:28)。
英文原文
26. I may be allowed to crave help, seeing that, "when I looked for good (on account of my piety and charity), yet evil," &c.
light--
(Job 22:28).
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27. bowels——被视为深沉情感的所在\n (Isa 16:11)。
boiled——猛烈地烧热激荡。
prevented——古英语,意即“出乎意料地临到我”、“使我惊奇”。
英文原文
27. bowels--regarded as the seat of deep feeling
(Isa 16:11).
boiled--violently heated and agitated.
prevented--Old English for "unexpectedly came upon" me, "surprised" me.
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28. mourning——更宜作:我虽发黑,却非因日头;即许多人因日头发黑,我却因神忿怒的热气而发黑(如上文的“沸腾”,
Job 30:27);
象皮病使我的皮肤发黑
(Job 30:30),
如同披上居丧之衣
(Jer 14:2)。
这种引人注目、谜语式的希伯来文表达,见于
Isa 29:9。
stood up——如无辜之人在聚集的法庭上呼求公义
(Job 30:20)。
英文原文
28. mourning--rather, I move about blackened, though not by the sun; that is, whereas many are blackened by the sun, I am, by the heat of God's wrath (so "boiled,"
Job 30:27);
the elephantiasis covering me with blackness of skin
(Job 30:30),
as with the garb of mourning
(Jer 14:2).
This striking enigmatic form of Hebrew expression occurs,
Isa 29:9.
stood up--as an innocent man crying for justice in an assembled court
(Job 30:20).
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29. dragons . . . owls——更宜作:“野狗”、“鸵鸟”,二者都发出凄惨的鸣叫
(Mic 1:8);
在这点上,并且也因它们独居于荒野(荒凉的象征),约伯成了它们的兄弟与同伴;即与它们相似。“Dragon”(巨兽),希伯来文 tannim,通常指鳄鱼;此处或亦然——它张口向天,鸣声仿佛为命运哀号[BOCHART]。
英文原文
29. dragons . . . owls--rather, "jackals," "ostriches," both of which utter dismal screams
(Mic 1:8);
in which respect, as also in their living amidst solitudes (the emblem of desolation), Job is their brother and companion; that is, resembles them. "Dragon," Hebrew, tannim, usually means the crocodile; so perhaps here, its open jaws lifted towards heaven, and its noise making it seem as if it mourned over its fate [BOCHART].
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30. upon me——更宜如
Job 30:17
(参
Job 30:17),
译作“我的皮肤发黑(并脱落)离我”。
my bones——
(Job 19:20; Ps 102:5)。
英文原文
30. upon me--rather, as in
Job 30:17
(see on
Job 30:17),
"my skin is black (and falls away) from me."
my bones--
(Job 19:20; Ps 102:5).
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31. organ——更宜作:“笛”
(Job 21:12)。
“我的欢乐变为哭泣的声音”
(La 5:15)。
这些乐器本属喜乐所用
(Isa 30:29, 32),
如今用于悲愁之中,反差之下更见凄凉。
英文原文
31. organ--rather, "pipe"
(Job 21:12).
"My joy is turned into the voice of weeping"
(La 5:15).
These instruments are properly appropriated to joy
(Isa 30:29, 32),
which makes their use now in sorrow the sadder by contrast.
伯30:1-31。
1. 比我年幼的（younger）——不是指那三位朋友（伯15:10；32:4、6、7）。
概略描述如下：伯30:1-8，戏笑他之人的卑微；伯30:9-15，戏笑本身。从前老年人向我起身（伯29:8）。如今不仅我的晚辈——他们本有义务尊敬我（利19:32）——甚至连卑贱、出身微贱的人也竟然戏笑我，与从前的“向我微笑”（伯29:24）正相反。这甚至比亲属和朋友对约伯的“嗤笑”（伯12:4；16:10、20；17:2、6；19:22）更进一步。东方人对年轻人所加的侮辱感受尤为敏锐。约伯以一位以家世为荣的富有的阿拉伯族长（emir）口吻发言。
狗（dogs）——在东方被视为不洁而令人厌恶（撒上17:43；箴26:11）。狗不得进屋，只在户外野跑，以污秽之物和偶然得来的零碎为食（诗59:14、15）。此处再次叫我们想起耶稣基督（诗22:16）。“他们的父亲，与我同代的人，是如此卑贱饥饿，我甚至不肯把他们和我的狗放在一起（更不用说让他们居于其上）来看守我的羊群。”