1
Mt 20:1-16.
英文原文
Mt 20:1-16.
PARABLE OF THE LABORERS IN THE VINEYARD.
This parable, recorded only by Matthew, is closely connected with the
end of the nineteenth chapter,
being spoken with reference to Peter's question as to how it should fare with those who, like himself, had left all for Christ. It is designed to show that while they would be richly rewarded, a certain equity would still be observed towards later converts and workmen in His service.
1. For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, &c.--The figure of a vineyard, to represent the rearing of souls for heaven, the culture required and provided for that purpose, and the care and pains which God takes in that whole matter, is familiar to every reader of the Bible.
(Ps 80:8-16; Isa 5:1-7; Jer 2:21; Lu 20:9-16; Joh 15:1-8).
At vintage time, as WEBSTER and WILKINSON remark, labor was scarce, and masters were obliged to be early in the market to secure it. Perhaps the pressing nature of the work of the Gospel, and the comparative paucity of laborers, may be incidentally suggested,
Mt 9:37, 38.
The "laborers," as in
Mt 9:38,
are first, the official servants of the Church, but after them and along with them all the servants of Christ, whom He has laid under the weightiest obligation to work in His service.
2
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2. 和工人讲定一天一钱银子——这是一般工人一日的工价。
就打发他们进葡萄园去。
英文原文
2. And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny--a usual day's hire.
he sent them into his vineyard.
3
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3. 约在巳初出去——约上午九点，即一个工作日的四分之一过去之后：十二小时的白昼是从早六时算到晚六时。
看见市上还有闲站的人——即无所事事的。
英文原文
3. And he went out about the third hour--about nine o'clock, or after a fourth of the working day had expired: the day of twelve hours was reckoned from six to six.
and saw others standing idle in the market place--unemployed.
4
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4. 就对他们说：你们也进葡萄园去，所当给的，我必给你们——即按他们做工的时间，公平、合理地给予。
他们也进去了。
英文原文
4. And said unto them, Go ye also into the vineyard; and whatsoever is right--just, equitable, in proportion to their time.
I will give you. And they went their way.
5
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5. 约在午正和申初又出去——约正午和下午三点。
也是这样行——每次都雇用新的工人，打发他们进葡萄园去。
英文原文
5. Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour--about noon, and about three o'clock in the afternoon.
and did likewise--hiring and sending into his vineyard fresh laborers each time.
6
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6. 约在酉初出去——离工作日结束仅一小时；无论对雇主还是工人而言，这都是一个极不寻常的时辰。
看见还有人站在那里，还有闲站的人，就说：你们为什么整天在这里闲站呢？——当然他们要么不在那里，要么到了合适的时候并不愿意自荐；但既然他们如今愿意，日子又还未过去，“还有余地”，他们也被雇了，条件与其余众人相同。
英文原文
6. And about the eleventh hour--but one hour before the close of the working day; a most unusual hour both for offering and engaging
and found others standing idle, and saith, Why stand ye here all the day idle?--Of course they had not been there, or not been disposed to offer themselves at the proper time; but as they were now willing, and the day was not over, and "yet there was room," they also are engaged, and on similar terms with all the rest.
8
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8. 到了晚上——即主人与工人算账的时候（见
De 24:15)；
指向最终算账之日。
葡萄园的主人对管事的——对应于基督自己，祂“如同儿子治理神的家”
(Heb 3:6；
见
Mt 11:27；Joh 3:35; 5:27)。
说：叫工人都来，给他们工钱，从后来的起，到先来的为止——这是值得注意的指示——后雇的先付。
英文原文
8. So when even was come--that is, the reckoning time between masters and laborers (see
De 24:15);
pointing to the day of final account.
the lord of the vineyard saith unto his steward--answering to Christ Himself, represented "as a Son over His own house"
(Heb 3:6;
see
Mt 11:27; Joh 3:35; 5:27).
Call the labourers and give them their hire, beginning from the last unto the first--Remarkable direction this--last hired, first paid.
9
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9. 约在酉初雇的人来了，各人得了一钱银子——即一整天的工价。
英文原文
9. And when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they received every man a penny--a full day's wages.
10
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10. 及至那先雇的来了，他们以为必要多得——这就是那在彼得发问
(Mt 19:27)
中——虽然也许很轻微地——露头的算计、唯利是图的灵；而这比喻正是要一劳永逸地把它从基督的仆人中间除掉。
英文原文
10. But when the first came, they supposed that they should have received more--This is that calculating, mercenary spirit which had peeped out--though perhaps very slightly--in Peter's question
(Mt 19:27),
and which this parable was designed once for all to put down among the servants of Christ.
11
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11. 他们得了，就埋怨家主——更当译作“那家主”，这字与
Mt 20:1
所用相同。
英文原文
11. And when they had received it, they murmured against the goodman of the house--rather, "the householder," the word being the same as in
Mt 20:1.
12
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12. 说：我们整天劳苦受热——灼人的炎热。
那些后来的只做了一小时，你竟叫他们和我们一样吗？——那些不但做工更久，且是在一天中更难熬的时段做工的人。
英文原文
12. Saying, These last have wrought but one hour, and thou hast made them equal unto us, which have borne the burden and heat--the burning heat.
of the day--who have wrought not only longer but during a more trying period of the day.
13
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13. 家主回答其中的一人——无疑是那抱怨之人的发言人。
*说：朋友，我不亏负你，你与我讲定的不是一钱银子吗？*等等。
英文原文
13. But he answered one of them--doubtless the spokesman of the complaining party.
and said, Friend, I do thee no wrong: didst not thou agree with me for a penny? &c.
15
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15. 我的东西难道不可随我的意思用吗？因为我作好人，你就红了眼吗？——意即「你们诉诸公义，由此你们口被堵住了；因为你们讲定的工价已经付给你们。你们的案子既已处理完毕，我与别的工人所定的条件与你们无关；你们既自己承认受了公平的对待，却对别人所蒙的恩惠心存嫉妒，这既是对邻舍的不配之忌，也是对那起初召你们服事他并赏赐你们之恩典的不满。」
英文原文
15. Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own? Is thine eye evil, because I am good?--that is, "You appeal to justice, and by that your mouth is shut; for the sum you agreed for is paid you. Your case being disposed of, with the terms I make with other laborers you have nothing to do; and to grudge the benevolence shown to others, when by your own admission you have been honorably dealt with, is both unworthy envy of your neighbor, and discontent with the goodness that engaged and rewarded you in his service at all."
16
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16. 这样，那在后的，将要在前；那在前的，将要在后了——意即「要小心，不要因纵容那些抱怨给最后雇的人一钱银子之人的心，你们反而错失了自己的那一钱——虽然你们先进葡萄园；而这些人既自知进来得这样晚，这意识可能激发他们谦卑的心，并对那竟香他们并赏赐他们的恩典心怀崇仰，终将使他们位居前列。」
因为被召的人多，选上的人少——这是我们主简洁而内涵丰富的言辞之一，在不同场合不止一次说过。（见
太19:30; 22:14）。
新约几乎总是说的「呼召」，是神学家所谓的有效的呼召，伴随对意志的超自然运行以获得其同意。但此处不能是这个意思；因为「被召的」与「选上的」明显有别。此处只能指「受邀请的」。因此其意是：许多人接受了福音的邀请，却从未被神「选上——因着圣灵的成为圣洁和对真理的信——来得救」\n （帖后2:13）。
但人或问：这与本比喻的主题有何关系？可能是这样——要教导我们：那些一生在基督服事中劳苦的人，可能因他们末后所表现的心，使事情过于明显——在神与他们自己的灵魂之间，他们根本从未是蒙选的工人。
英文原文
16. So the last shall be first, and the first last--that is, "Take heed lest by indulging the spirit of these murmurers at the penny given to the last hired, ye miss your own penny, though first in the vineyard; while the consciousness of having come in so late may inspire these last with such a humble frame, and such admiration of the grace that has hired and rewarded them at all, as will put them into the foremost place in the end."
for many be called, but few chosen--This is another of our Lord's terse and pregnant sayings, more than once uttered in different connections. (See
Mt 19:30; 22:14).
The "calling" of which the New Testament almost invariably speaks is what divines call effectual calling, carrying with it a supernatural operation on the will to secure its consent. But that cannot be the meaning of it here; the "called" being emphatically distinguished from the "chosen." It can only mean here the "invited." And so the sense is, Many receive the invitations of the Gospel whom God has never "chosen to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth"
(2Th 2:13).
But what, it may be asked, has this to do with the subject of our parable? Probably this--to teach us that men who have wrought in Christ's service all their days may, by the spirit which they manifest at the last, make it too evident that, as between God and their own souls, they never were chosen workmen at all.
17
Mt 20:17-28.
太20:17-28.
第三次明言 预告祂 将临的 受苦、 死亡、 与复活—— 雅各与 约翰的野心之求， 及其回答
（=
可10:32-45；路18:31-34）。
释经请见
可10:32-45的注释。
英文原文
Mt 20:17-28.
THIRD EXPLICIT ANNOUNCEMENT OF HIS APPROACHING SUFFERINGS, DEATH, AND RESURRECTION--THE AMBITIOUS REQUEST OF JAMES AND JOHN, AND THE REPLY. ( =
Mr 10:32-45; Lu 18:31-34).
For the exposition, see on
Mr 10:32-45.
29
Mt 20:29-34.
Mt 20:29-34.
两个 瞎子 得医治。 ( =
Mr 10:46-52; Lu 18:35-43).
注释请见
Lu 18:35-43.
英文原文
Mt 20:29-34.
TWO BLIND MEN HEALED. ( =
Mr 10:46-52; Lu 18:35-43).
For the exposition, see on
Lu 18:35-43.
Mt 20:1-16。
葡萄园作工的比喻。
本比喻只见于马太福音，与第十九章末紧密相连，是针对彼得那个发问而说的：像他这样为基督撇下一切的人，将来将如何呢？比喻的目的，是要表明：他们固然必大得赏赐，但对那些较晚归信并在祂事工中作工的人，仍要持守某种公平。
1. 因为天国好像家主，等等——以葡萄园比喻为天上栽培人的灵魂，以及为此而需、所备的栽培工夫，并神在这整件事上所倾注的关照与劳苦，乃是每位圣经读者所熟悉的。
(Ps 80:8-16；Isa 5:1-7；Jer 2:21；Lu 20:9-16；Joh 15:1-8)。
正如 WEBSTER 与 WILKINSON 所指出的，在葡萄采收时节，劳力短缺，主人们必须及早到市集上去雇用工人。或许福音工作的紧迫性质，以及工人的相对稀少，在此也有所暗示
(Mt 9:37, 38)。
这些“工人”，正如在
Mt 9:38
中一样，首先是指教会中有职任的仆人，但其次也包括他们之后、与他们并列的一切属基督的仆人——祂已使这些人负有最沉重的责任，要在祂的事工中劳碌。