1
Mt 28:1-15.
英文原文
Mt 28:1-15.
GLORIOUS ANGELIC ANNOUNCEMENT ON THE FIRST DAY OF THE WEEK, THAT CHRIST IS RISEN--HIS APPEARANCE TO THE WOMEN--THE GUARDS BRIBED TO GIVE A FALSE ACCOUNT OF THE RESURRECTION. ( =
Mr 16:1-8; Lu 24:1-8; Joh 20:1).
The Resurrection Announced to the Women
(Mt 28:1-8).
1. In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn--after the Sabbath, as it grew toward daylight.
toward the first day of the week--Luke
(Lu 24:1)
has it, "very early in the morning"--properly, "at the first appearance of daybreak"; and corresponding with this, John
(Joh 20:1)
says, "when it was yet dark." See on
Mr 16:2.
Not an hour, it would seem, was lost by those dear lovers of the Lord Jesus.
came Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary--"the mother of James and Joses" (see on
Mt 27:56;
Mt 27:61).
to see the sepulchre--with a view to the anointing of the body, for which they had made all their preparations. (See on
Mr 16:1, 2).
And, behold, there was--that is, there had been, before the arrival of the women.
a great earthquake; for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, &c.--And this was the state of things when the women drew near. Some judicious critics think all this was transacted while the women were approaching; but the view we have given, which is the prevalent one, seems the more natural. All this august preparation--recorded by Matthew alone--bespoke the grandeur of the exit which was to follow. The angel sat upon the huge stone, to overawe, with the lightning-luster that darted from him, the Roman guard, and do honor to his rising Lord.
3
无标题
3. 容貌——即相貌。
像闪电，衣服洁白如雪——前者表达他所来自之天的荣耀，后者表达其纯洁。
英文原文
3. His countenance--appearance.
was like lightning, and his raiment white as snow--the one expressing the glory, the other the purity of the celestial abode from which he came.
4
无标题
4. 看守的人就因他吓得浑身乱战，甚至和死人一样——祭司长啊，坟墓现在“妥当”了吗？那坐在天上的必嗤笑你们。
英文原文
4. And for fear of him the keepers did shake, and became as dead men--Is the sepulchre "sure" now, O ye chief priests? He that sitteth in the heavens doth laugh at you.
5
无标题
5. 天使对妇女说：不要害怕——“你们”在此是强调的，为要对比她们与兵丁的境况。“让那些被派来看守活人中之死人的微弱家伙，因我而战抖，如死人一般吧
(Mt 28:4)；
但你们是怀着别的使命来到这里的，你们不要害怕。”
我知道你们是寻找那钉十字架的耶稣——即那钉十字架的耶稣。
英文原文
5. And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye--The "ye" here is emphatic, to contrast their case with that of the guards. "Let those puny creatures, sent to keep the Living One among the dead, for fear of Me shake and become as dead men
(Mt 28:4);
but ye that have come hither on another errand, fear not ye."
for I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified--Jesus the Crucified.
6
无标题
6. 祂不在这里，照祂所说的，已经复活了——参见
Lu 24:5-7。
请——如
Mt 11:28。
看安放主的地方——何等动人的邀请！“请来看荣耀之主曾躺卧之处：如今这是一座空坟：祂不在这里，但祂曾躺卧在此。请来，以你的眼目饱览之！”但参见
Joh 20:12。
英文原文
6. He is not here; for he is risen, as he said--See on
Lu 24:5-7.
Come--as in
Mt 11:28.
see the place where the Lord lay--Charming invitation! "Come, see the spot where the Lord of glory lay: now it is an empty grave: He lies not here, but He lay there. Come, feast your eyes on it!" But see on
Joh 20:12.
7
无标题
7. 快去告诉祂的门徒——关于一段宝贵的补充，请参见
Mr 16:7。
说：祂从死里复活了，并且在你们以先往加利利去——这些妇女正是来自加利利
(Mt 27:55)。
在那里你们要见祂——这必是指祂对大批门徒同时作的更公开的显现，这些显现只在加利利赐下；因为个别地说，祂几乎在这次之后立即就被其中一些妇女看见了
(Mt 28:9, 10)。
看哪，我已经告诉你们了——看哪，你们已从光明的世界得了这话！
英文原文
7. And go quickly, and tell his disciples--For a precious addition to this, see on
Mr 16:7.
that he is risen from the dead; and, behold, he goeth before you into Galilee--to which those women belonged
(Mt 27:55).
there shall ye see him--This must refer to those more public manifestations of Himself to large numbers of disciples at once, which He vouchsafed only in Galilee; for individually He was seen of some of those very women almost immediately after this
(Mt 28:9, 10).
Lo, I have told you--Behold, ye have this word from the world of light!
8
无标题
8. 妇女们就急忙——马可
(Mr 16:8)
说“她们……逃跑”。
离开坟墓，又害怕，又大大地欢喜——这两种情感的结合何等自然！参见对
Mr 16:11
类似陈述的论述。
跑去要报给祂的门徒——“她们……又发抖又惊奇，就逃跑……因为她们害怕”
(Mr 16:8)。
英文原文
8. And they departed quickly--Mark
(Mr 16:8)
says "they fled."
from the sepulchre with fear and great joy--How natural this combination of feelings! See on a similar statement of
Mr 16:11.
and did run to bring his disciples word--"Neither said they anything to any man [by the way]; for they were afraid"
(Mr 16:8).
9
无标题
向妇女显现
(Mt 28:9, 10)。
这一次显现唯马太有所记载。
9. 忽然耶稣遇见她们，说：愿你们平安——这是惯常的问候，但出自耶稣之口却带着更高的意义。
她们就上前，抱住祂的脚拜祂——何等真实的女人性情！
英文原文
Appearance to the Women
(Mt 28:9, 10).
This appearance is recorded only by Matthew.
9. And as they went to tell his disciples, behold, Jesus met them, saying, All hail!--the usual salute, but from the lips of Jesus bearing a higher signification.
And they came and held him by the feet--How truly womanly!
10
无标题
10. 耶稣对她们说：不要害怕——这些熟悉的话——如今以更高的格调说出，却出自同一张口——会勾起她们何等亲切的回忆！
去告诉我的弟兄，叫他们往加利利去，在那里必见我——这里所说的弟兄，必是指祂肉身的弟兄（比较
Mt 13:55)；
因为祂那更高意义上的弟兄（见
Joh 20:17)
在祂往加利利去之前，已在耶路撒冷与祂有过几次会面；若被吩咐往加利利见祂的是他们，便会错过那些会面。
英文原文
10. Then said Jesus unto them, Be not afraid--What dear associations would these familiar words--now uttered in a higher style, but by the same Lips--bring rushing back to their recollection!
go tell my brethren that they go into Galilee, and there shall they see me--The brethren here meant must have been His brethren after the flesh (compare
Mt 13:55);
for His brethren in the higher sense (see on
Joh 20:17)
had several meetings with Him at Jerusalem before He went to Galilee, which they would have missed if they had been the persons ordered to Galilee to meet Him.
11
无标题
兵丁受贿
(Mt 28:11-15)。
整段重要内容唯马太福音特有。
11. 她们去的时候——即妇女们正在去把复活之主的信息传给祂弟兄的途中。
有几个看守的兵进城去，将所经历的事都报给祭司长——单纯的、未加矫饰的兵丁啊！你们怎能想象，你们所讲的那等事，不会立即取信于你们那受惊的雇主？他们若对此有片刻怀疑，又怎敢走近他们？因为他们知道，罗马兵丁在守卫时被证实睡着是死罪；而那当然是这情形唯一的另一种解释。
英文原文
The Guards Bribed
(Mt 28:11-15).
The whole of this important portion is peculiar to Matthew.
11. Now when they were going--while the women were on their way to deliver to His brethren the message of their risen Lord.
some of the watch came into the city, and showed unto the chief priests all the things that were done--Simple, unsophisticated soldiers! How could ye imagine that such a tale as ye had to tell would not at once commend itself to your scared employers? Had they doubted this for a moment, would they have ventured to go near them, knowing it was death to a Roman soldier to be proved asleep when on guard? and of course that was the only other explanation of the case.
12
无标题
12. 祭司长和长老聚集——但约瑟至少不在场：迦玛列大概也不在；可能还有其他人。
商议，就拿许多银钱给兵丁——这需要不少钱；但犹太当局的整个案子如今已押在此举上。这些兵丁必是以何等的蔑视来看待犹太教士们！
英文原文
12. And when they were assembled with the elders--But Joseph at least was absent: Gamaliel probably also; and perhaps others.
and had taken counsel, they gave large money unto the soldiers--It would need a good deal; but the whole case of the Jewish authorities was now at stake. With what contempt must these soldiers have regarded the Jewish ecclesiastics!
13
无标题
13. 说：你们这样说：夜间他的门徒来把他偷去了，我们睡觉的时候——正如我们已观察到的，这对值勤的兵丁而言是死罪。
英文原文
13. Saying, Say ye, His disciples came by night, and stole him away while we slept--which, as we have observed, was a capital offense for soldiers on guard.
14
无标题
14. 假若这话听了巡抚的耳——宁可说「若这事到了巡抚面前」；即非仅传闻的方式，而是要司法调查。
我们能劝他，保你们无事——这里的「我们」与「你们」是强调性的——「我们必〔负责〕劝他，使你们免于麻烦」，或「保你们安然无事」。这子句的语法形式暗示所假设的事被预期会发生。意即，「若这事到了巡抚面前——这很可能——我们必负责使其……」等等。「劝」彼拉多无疑指以贿赂安抚他，我们从别处知道他绝非不受贿赂（正如后来的腓力斯，
徒24:26）。
英文原文
14. And if this come to the governor's ears--rather, "If this come before the governor"; that is, not in the way of mere report, but for judicial investigation.
we will persuade him, and secure you--The "we" and the "you" are emphatic here--"we shall [take care to] persuade him and keep you from trouble," or "save you harmless." The grammatical form of this clause implies that the thing supposed was expected to happen. The meaning then is, "If this come before the governor--as it likely will--we shall see to it that," &c. The "persuasion" of Pilate meant, doubtless, quieting him by a bribe, which we know otherwise he was by no means above taking (like Felix afterwards,
Ac 24:26).
15
无标题
15. 兵丁受了银钱，就照所嘱咐他们的去行——如此同意以恶名玷漆自己。
这话就传说在犹太人中间，直到今日——直到本福音书出版之日。令人惊奇的是，如此拙劣且不可信的故事竟能流传这么久。但决心不就近光的人，连稂稊也会抓住。殉道者游斯丁，活跃于约主后170年，在其《与犹太人特里弗的对话》中说，犹太人藉着派专使到各国去传播这个故事。
英文原文
15. So they took the money, and did as they were taught--thus consenting to brand themselves with infamy.
and this saying is commonly reported among the Jews until this day--to the date of the publication of this Gospel. The wonder is that so clumsy and incredible a story lasted so long. But those who are resolved not to come to the light will catch at straws. JUSTIN MARTYR, who flourished about A.D. 170, says, in his Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, that the Jews dispersed the story by means of special messengers sent to every country.
16
Mt 28:16-20.
太28:16-20.
耶稣在加利利 的山上与门徒 相见，并 颁布 大使命。
16. 十一个门徒往加利利去——但必然不在复活后的第二周之前，可能还要晚些。
到了耶稣约定的山上——应当译为「那山」，指某座祂曾指明的山——可能是在祂受难的前一夜，祂说：「但我复活以后，要在你们以先往加利利去」
（太26:32；可14:28）。
那是什么山只能推测；在两种分歧意见——登山宝训之山或他泊山——之间，前者因其靠近提比哩亚海更为可能，叙述告诉我们祂最后在那里与其中七人相见并同席。
（约21:1
等等）。此处所记的会面与唯一另一处提到的
林前15:6
——「后来一时显给五百多弟兄看，其中一大半到如今还在，却也有已经睡了的」——是同一回事，如今是最有能力的福音史学者所持的见解。除了期待他们复活之主某次应许的显现，没有什么能解释五百人同集一处；而祂在复活之前的应许、复活之后两次重复，最能解释这一盛大聚会。
英文原文
Mt 28:16-20.
JESUS MEETS WITH THE DISCIPLES ON A MOUNTAIN IN GALILEE AND GIVES FORTH THE GREAT COMMISSION.
16. Then the eleven disciples went away into Galilee--but certainly not before the second week after the resurrection, and probably somewhat later.
into a mountain where Jesus had appointed them--It should have been rendered "the mountain," meaning some certain mountain which He had named to them--probably the night before He suffered, when He said, "After I am risen, I will go before you into Galilee"
(Mt 26:32; Mr 14:28).
What it was can only be conjectured; but of the two between which opinions are divided--the Mount of the Beatitudes or Mount Tabor--the former is much the more probable, from its nearness to the Sea of Tiberias, where last before this the Narrative tells us that He met and dined with seven of them.
(Joh 21:1,
&c.). That the interview here recorded was the same as that referred to in one place only--
1Co 15:6
--when "He was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remained unto that day, though some were fallen asleep," is now the opinion of the ablest students of the evangelical history. Nothing can account for such a number as five hundred assembling at one spot but the expectation of some promised manifestation of their risen Lord: and the promise before His resurrection, twice repeated after it, best explains this immense gathering.
17
无标题
17. 他们见了他就拜他，然而还有人疑惑——当然「十一人」中无一如此，因为在耶路撒冷先前会面中所发生的事之后。但若五百人现在在场，我们可以相信其中某些人如此。
英文原文
17. And when they saw him, they worshipped him; but some doubted--certainly none of "the Eleven," after what took place at previous interviews in Jerusalem. But if the five hundred were now present, we may well believe this of some of them.
19
无标题
19. 所以，你们要去，使万民作我的门徒——宁可说「使万民作门徒」；因为「教训」一词更一般意义在后文才出现，并由另一个词表达。
奉父、子、圣灵的名给他们施洗——应作「归于名下」；如
林前10:2，
「都在云里、海里受洗归了（宁可说归入）摩西」；以及
加3:27，
「你们受洗归入基督的」。
英文原文
19. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations--rather, "make disciples of all nations"; for "teaching," in the more usual sense of that word, comes in afterwards, and is expressed by a different term.
baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost--It should be, "into the name"; as in
1Co 10:2,
"And were all baptized unto (or rather 'into') Moses"; and
Ga 3:27,
"For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ."
20
无标题
20. 凡我所吩咐你们的——这是按该词较一般意义而言的教训；即对那些已归信并受洗的门徒的教导。
都教训他们遵守；我就常——这里的「我」是强调性的。我与你同在已经够了——
与你们同在，直到世界的末了——「所有的日子」；即直到领人归主、施洗、并以基督教教导建立他们这些事不再存在为止。
阿们——这荣耀的委托包含两大部门，差传与牧养，并有两个崇高而全面的鼓励，以承担并完成它们。
第一，差传部门
（太28:18）：
「你们要去，使万民作门徒。」在马可的平行经文
（可16:15）
中作：「你们往普天下去，传福音给万民听。」唯一的分别在于，这段经文中更完整明确地表达了领域的世界性范围与对象的普世性；而前者则以「使万民作我的门徒」这一命令，可喜地表达了伟大的目标与必然的结果。「去，为我征服世界；将大喜的信息传到一切地方、一切耳朵，并且不要以为这工作已经完成，直到万民都拥抱福音、登记为我的门徒。」那么，这一切是要由那时拥挤在复活救赎主周围的众人中最亲近祂的那十一人完成吗？不可能。是在他们有生之年完成吗？必然不是。在那小小的队伍中，耶稣实际上是对历代一切从他们手中接下同样工作的人说话。在教会复活之元首的眼中，那十一人展开了祂历代所有的仆人；他们全都一一在那一刻领受了他的委托。那么，接下来呢？以「奉父、子、圣灵的名」——即归于「父、子、圣灵」之恩典的全部丰满——给信的人施洗，作为可见门徒身份的印记。（见
林后13:14的注释）。
此事既毕，你们那本质上暂时的差传工作，必须汇入另一项永久的工作。那就是——
第二，牧养部门
（太28:20）：
「教训他们」——教训这些受洗的有形教会成员——「遵守我所吩咐你们的一切」，就是我在你们与我同在的这三年间所吩咐你们使徒的。
这样的委托所唤起的是何等的心情？「我们这连自己的疑虑都胜不过的人——我们这加利利的渔夫，无学问、无资源、对最卑微的受造物也无影响力——要为你征服世界，主？不，主，不要戏弄我们。」「我不戏弄你们，也不叫你们自费出征。因为」——这里我们来到——
第三，承担并完成这工作的鼓励。共有两项：一项在委托之前，另一项在委托之后。
头一个鼓励：「天上所有的权柄」——即天堂之爱、智慧、力量的全部权能——「与地上所有的权柄」——对一切人、一切情感、一切原则、一切运动的权柄——使之都弯向这同一个崇高目标，即世界的福音化：这一切「都赐给我了」。作为复活的主，为要由我交在你们的命令之下——「所以你们要去。」但还有——
第二个鼓励：「看哪！我常与你们同在，所有的日子」——不仅是直到永远，并且无一日间断，「直到世界的末了。」「阿们」一词在此处的真实性可疑。然而，若它属于原文本，它是福音书作者自己的结语。
[目录]
[上一页]
[下一页]
罗伯特·贾米森、A. R. 福塞特、大卫·布朗
《全本圣经批判与解释性注释》（1871）
请将增补、勘误与评注寄给编者
英文原文
20. Teaching them--This is teaching in the more usual sense of the term; or instructing the converted and baptized disciples.
to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I--The "I" here is emphatic. It is enough that I
am with you alway--"all the days"; that is, till making converts, baptizing, and building them up by Christian instruction, shall be no more.
even unto the end of the world. Amen--This glorious Commission embraces two primary departments, the Missionary and the Pastoral, with two sublime and comprehensive Encouragements to undertake and go through with them.
First, The MISSIONARY department
(Mt 28:18):
"Go, make disciples of all nations." In the corresponding passage of Mark
(Mr 16:15)
it is, "Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature." The only difference is, that in this passage the sphere, in its world-wide compass and its universality of objects, is more fully and definitely expressed; while in the former the great aim and certain result is delightfully expressed in the command to "make disciples of all nations." "Go, conquer the world for Me; carry the glad tidings into all lands and to every ear, and deem not this work at an end till all nations shall have embraced the Gospel and enrolled themselves My disciples." Now, Was all this meant to be done by the Eleven men nearest to Him of the multitude then crowding around the risen Redeemer? Impossible. Was it to be done even in their lifetime? Surely not. In that little band Jesus virtually addressed Himself to all who, in every age, should take up from them the same work. Before the eyes of the Church's risen Head were spread out, in those Eleven men, all His servants of every age; and one and all of them received His commission at that moment. Well, what next? Set the seal of visible discipleship upon the converts, by "baptizing them into the name," that is, into the whole fulness of the grace "of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost," as belonging to them who believe. (See on
2Co 13:14).
This done, the Missionary department of your work, which in its own nature is temporary, must merge in another, which is permanent. This is
Second, The PASTORAL department
(Mt 28:20):
"Teach them"--teach these baptized members of the Church visible--"to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you," My apostles, during the three years ye have been with Me.
What must have been the feelings which such a Commission awakened? "WE who have scarce conquered our own misgivings--we, fishermen of Galilee, with no letters, no means, no influence over the humblest creature, conquer the world for Thee, Lord? Nay, Lord, do not mock us." "I mock you not, nor send you a warfare on your own charges. For"--Here we are brought to
Third, The ENCOURAGEMENTS to undertake and go through with this work. These are two; one in the van, the other in the rear of the Commission itself.
First Encouragement: "All power in heaven"--the whole power of Heaven's love and wisdom and strength, "and all power in earth"--power over all persons, all passions, all principles, all movements--to bend them to this one high object, the evangelization of the world: All this "is given unto Me." as the risen Lord of all, to be by Me placed at your command--"Go ye therefore." But there remains a
Second Encouragement: "And lo! I am with you all the days"--not only to perpetuity, but without one day's interruption, "even to the end of the world," The "Amen" is of doubtful genuineness in this place. If, however, it belongs to the text, it is the Evangelist's own closing word.
[Table of Contents]
[Previous] [Next]
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
Mt 28:1-15.
七日的第一日荣耀的天使宣告基督已经复活——祂向妇女显现——兵丁受贿买，就复活之事作假见证。 （ =
Mr 16:1-8；Lu 24:1-8；Joh 20:1）。
复活之事向妇女宣告
(Mt 28:1-8)。
1. 安息日将尽，七日的第一日天快亮的时候——即安息日之后，天色将明之时。
七日的头一日——路加
(Lu 24:1)
记作“黎明的时候”——更准确地说，是“破晓初现之时”；与此相应，约翰
(Joh 20:1)
则说“天还黑的时候”。参见
Mr 16:2。
看来，这些亲爱的爱主耶稣的人，一刻工夫也没有耽延。
抹大拉的马利亚和那个马利亚——“雅各和约西的母亲”（参见
Mt 27:56；
Mt 27:61）。
来看坟墓——为要膏抹身体，他们早已为此作好了一切准备。（参见
Mr 16:1, 2）。
忽然，地大震动——即曾经发生过，时间在妇女到达之前。
因为有主的使者从天降下来，等等——当妇女们走近时，情形正是如此。有些审慎的批评家认为这一切都是在妇女们走近的途中发生的；但我们所采纳的、也是较为流行的看法，似乎更为自然。这一切庄严的预备——唯马太有所记载——正预示着随之而来的那荣耀的出场何等伟大。天使坐在那块巨石上，以从他身上射出的闪电般的光辉，震慑罗马的兵丁，并以此尊崇他那复活的主。