1
Na 2:1-13.
英文原文
Na 2:1-13.
THE ADVANCE OF THE DESTROYING FORCES AGAINST NINEVEH, AFTER IT WAS USED AS GOD'S ROD FOR A TIME TO CHASTISE HIS PEOPLE: THE CAPTURE OF THAT LION'S DWELLING, ACCORDING TO THE SURE WORD OF JEHOVAH.
1. He that dasheth in pieces--God's "battle axe," wherewith He "breaks in pieces" His enemies.
Jer 51:20
applies the same Hebrew term to Nebuchadnezzar (compare
Pr 25:18; Jer 50:23,
"the hammer of the whole earth"). Here the Medo-Babylonian army under Cyaxares and Nabopolassar, that destroyed Nineveh, is prophetically meant.
before thy face--before Nineveh. Openly, so that the work of God may be manifest.
watch the way--by which the foe will attack, so as to be ready to meet him. Ironical advice; equivalent to a prophecy, Thou shalt have need to use all possible means of defense; but use what thou wilt, all will be in vain.
make thy loins strong--The loins are the seat of strength; to gird them up is to prepare all one's strength for conflict
(Job 40:7).
Also gird on thy sword
(2Sa 20:8; 2Ki 4:29).
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2. 耶和华复兴雅各的荣华——即尼尼微倾覆的时机已经成熟，因为雅各（犹大）和以色列（十支派）已受够惩治。作为惩治之杖的亚述既已尽其用，便要被扔入火中。神既用其一切"荣华"来惩治雅各和以色列——那荣华乃是在神眼中超乎万国的耶路撒冷和圣殿
（诗 47:4; 87:2； 结 24:21；
见
摩 6:8 注释），
何况对他陌生且拜偶像的尼尼微，他岂不更要致命地刑罚？莫勒（Maurer）的翻译"恢复"或"将恢复雅各的荣华"并不妥当。
抢掠的——亚述的劫掠者。
已经抢掠一空——即劫掠了以色列人和犹大人
（何 10:1）。
请比较
诗 80:8-16，
论到应用于以色列的"葡萄树枝"。
英文原文
2. For the Lord hath turned away the excellency of Jacob--that is, the time for Nineveh's overthrow is ripe, because Jacob (Judah) and Israel (the ten tribes) have been sufficiently chastised. The Assyrian rod of chastisement, having done its work, is to be thrown into the fire. If God chastised Jacob and Israel with all their "excellency" (Jerusalem and the temple, which was their pre-eminent excellency above all nations in God's eyes,
Ps 47:4; 87:2; Eze 24:21;
see on
Am 6:8),
how much more will He punish fatally Nineveh, an alien to Him, and idolatrous? MAURER, not so well, translates, "restores," or "will restore the excellency of Jacob."
emptiers--the Assyrian spoilers.
have emptied them out--have spoiled the Israelites and Jews
(Ho 10:1).
Compare
Ps 80:8-16,
on "vine branches," as applied to Israel.
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3. 他勇士的——攻打尼尼微的玛代-巴比伦将领的勇士。
都穿朱红衣服——古人将他们的牛皮盾牌染成红色，部分是为了震慑敌人，主要是为了不让伤口所流的血被察觉而给敌人增添信心 [加尔文（Calvin）]。G. V. 史密斯（Smith）推测这是指亚述遗物中所见的铜盾或铜盾在日光下的红色反光。
穿朱红——或作深红色军装（比较
太 27:28）。
色诺芬（Xenophon）提到玛代人喜爱这种颜色。吕底亚人和推罗人从一种特殊的虫中提取染料。
车辆……如同火把——即战车将如同火把，车轮旋转如闪电般迅速，闪烁光芒并在经过的石头上迸出火星（比较
赛 5:28）。
英文译本假设希伯来文字母有所调换。最好照希伯来文原样翻译："战车（将配备）闪烁火光的镰刀"（字面作"以火"，或铁兵器的光芒）。铁制镰刀固定在车轴的直角位置并向下弯，或与车轴平行，插入轮辋之中。玛代人或许拥有这样的战车，尽管亚述遗物中未见其踪迹。鉴于后者的事实，译作"战车（带着）钢制兵器的光辉而来"也许更好 [莫勒（Maurer）和 G. V. 史密斯]。
他预备的日子——耶和华所预备的
（赛 13:3）。
或作"玛代-巴比伦统帅预备攻击之日"
（鸿 2:1）。
本节中的"他"和"他的"印证了这一解释。
松树——他们的松木长枪。
大大的震动——挥舞以震慑之意。或作"因被挥舞而颤动" [莫勒]。
英文原文
3. his mighty men--the Medo-Babylonian general's mighty men attacking Nineveh.
made red--The ancients dyed their bull's-hide shields red, partly to strike terror into the enemy, chiefly lest the blood from wounds which they might receive should be perceived and give confidence to the foe [CALVIN]. G. V. SMITH conjectures that the reference is to the red reflection of the sun's rays from shields of bronze or copper, such as are found among the Assyrian remains.
in scarlet--or crimson military tunics (compare
Mt 27:28).
XENOPHON mentions that the Medes were fond of this color. The Lydians and Tyrians extracted the dye from a particular worm.
chariots . . . with flaming torches--that is, the chariots shall be like flaming torches, their wheels in lightning-like rapidity of rotation flashing light and striking sparks from the stones over which they pass (compare
Isa 5:28).
English Version supposes a transposition of the Hebrew letters. It is better to translate the Hebrew as it is, "the chariots (shall be furnished) with fire-flashing scythes" (literally, "with the fire," or glitter, of iron weapons). Iron scythes were fixed at right angles to the axles and turned down, or parallel to it, inserted into the felly of the wheel. The Medes, perhaps, had such chariots, though no traces of them are found in Assyrian remains. On account of the latter fact, it may be better to translate, "the chariots (shall come) with the glitter of steel weapons" [MAURER and G. V. SMITH].
in the day of his preparation--JEHOVAH'S
(Isa 13:3).
Or, "Medo-Babylonian commander's day of preparation for the attack"
(Na 2:1).
"He" confirms this, and "his" in this verse.
the fir trees--their fir-tree lances.
terribly shaken--branded so as to strike terror. Or, "shall be tremulous with being brandished" [MAURER].
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4. 在宽阔处——即被猛烈地驱驰狂奔
（耶 46:9）。
彼此碰撞——即来回奔跑 [莫勒（Maurer）]。
在宽阔处——
（代下 32:6）。
尼尼微郊外宽阔的空地。
他们好像火把——字面作"它们（希伯来文为阴性）的样子（是）"：即宽阔之处的样子如同火把，因为其中有大量的战车在日光下闪烁
（箴 8:26，
旁记）。
好像闪电——以迅猛之势
（太 24:27； 路 10:18）。
英文原文
4. rage--are driven in furious haste
(Jer 46:9).
justle one against another--run to and fro [MAURER].
in the broad ways--
(2Ch 32:6).
Large open spaces in the suburbs of Nineveh.
they shall seem like torches--literally, "their (feminine in Hebrew) appearance (is)": namely, the appearance of the broad places is like that of torches, through the numbers of chariots in them flashing in the sun
(Pr 8:26,
Margin).
run like the lightnings--with rapid violence
(Mt 24:27; Lu 10:18).
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5. 亚述人预备防御。
他——亚述王。
招聚他的贵胄——
（鸿 3:18）。
检阅，或在心中逐一数点他的贵族，从中挑选最勇敢的，急忙赶赴城墙击退攻击。但归于徒然；因为
他们行走之时绊跌——因恐惧和仓皇，"在他们前进之时绊跌"。
预备掩护——更恰当的是指攻城者在向城墙推进时用以保护自己的掩护器械。如这里这样从被围者突然转到围攻者的情形并不少见（比较
结 4:2），
[莫勒（Maurer）]。或作被围的亚述人所使用 [加尔文（Calvin）]。
英文原文
5. The Assyrian preparations for defense.
He--the Assyrian king.
shall recount his worthies--
(Na 3:18).
Review, or count over in his mind, his nobles, choosing out the bravest to hasten to the walls and repel the attack. But in vain; for
they shall stumble in their walk--"they shall stumble in their advance" through fear and hurry.
the defence shall be prepared--rather, the covering machine used by besiegers to protect themselves in advancing to the wall. Such sudden transitions, as here from the besieged to the besiegers, are frequent (compare
Eze 4:2),
[MAURER]. Or, used by the besieged Assyrians [CALVIN].
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6. 河闸开放——底格里斯河旁的河堤城墙（尼尼微的西面防线）长达4,530码。北、南、东三面有大壕沟，可以轻易从霍斯鲁河（Khosru）引水注满。调节供水的堤坝（"闸"，或水闸）的痕迹至今仍清晰可见，因此整座城可以被水障包围
（鸿 2:8）。
此外，在最薄弱的东面，还有一道高大的双重城墙加以保护，两道城墙之间有在岩石地面上凿出的、宽达两百英尺的壕沟。尼尼微人在被围之前注满壕沟或运河以抵御敌人，但敌人将水引入别的河道，使这些壕沟或运河变成了可以进军城内的干涸河床：正如居鲁士（Cyrus）围攻巴比伦时所行 [莫勒（Maurer）]。在玛代人阿尔巴刻斯（Arbaces）和巴比伦人毕勒西斯（Belesis）较早攻取尼尼微时，狄奥多罗斯·西库路斯（Diodorus Siculus）[1.2.80]记载，有一个古老的预言说，除非那河成为那城的仇敌，否则该城不会被攻取；因此围攻的第三年，河水泛滥冲塌了二十弗隆长的城墙，王便在那里自焚，连同王宫和所有妃嫔、财物一并付之一炬，敌人便从城墙的破口进入。此处预言的第二次毁灭，其手段无疑与第一次一样，都是火与水。
融化——因洪水泛滥 [韩德森（Henderson）]。或作宫中之人，即王和他的贵族们，因恐惧而消化 [格罗提乌斯（Grotius）]。
英文原文
6. The gates of the rivers . . . opened--The river wall on the Tigris (the west defense of Nineveh) was 4,530 yards long. On the north, south, and east sides, there were large moats, capable of being easily filled with water from the Khosru. Traces of dams ("gates," or sluices) for regulating the supply are still visible, so that the whole city could be surrounded with a water barrier
(Na 2:8).
Besides, on the east, the weakest side, it was further protected by a lofty double rampart with a moat two hundred feet wide between its two parts, cut in the rocky ground. The moats or canals, flooded by the Ninevites before the siege to repel the foe, were made a dry bed to march into the city, by the foe turning the waters into a different channel: as Cyrus did in the siege of Babylon [MAURER]. In the earlier capture of Nineveh by Arbaces the Mede, and Belesis the Babylonian, DIODORUS SICULUS, [1.2.80], states that there was an old prophecy that it should not be taken till the river became its enemy; so in the third year of the siege, the river by a flood broke down the walls twenty furlongs, and the king thereupon burnt himself and his palace and all his concubines and wealth together, and the enemy entered by the breach in the wall. Fire and water were doubtless the means of the second destruction here foretold, as of the first.
dissolved--by the inundation [HENDERSON]. Or, those in the palace shall melt with fear, namely, the king and his nobles [GROTIUS].
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7. 王后——尼尼微王后的名字，出自一个希伯来文词根，暗示她侍立在王旁
（诗 45:9），
[瓦塔布卢斯（Vatablus）]。更恰当的是指被拟人化为王后的尼尼微。她曾长久地在极度的繁荣中屹立。加尔文（Calvin）亦如此。莫勒（Maurer）认为这不是专有名词，译作"这是确定的"，或"已定规的"（比较
创 41:32）。
英文译本更得平行法的支持。
被掳去——希伯来文更要求作"她被揭开"；从东方妇女隐居的内室中被带出来，被剥去装饰性的衣饰。请比较
赛 47:2, 3，
那里以同样面容和腿脚暴露的妇女形象，来描写一座被掳被毁的城（比较
鸿 3:5），
[莫勒]。
被带上去——她的百姓将被带往巴比伦。比较"上去"指从一个地方迁移的用法，见
耶 21:2。
她的宫女……如同鸽子——尼尼微被比作被废被辱的王后，因此这里以如鸽子般哀鸣的侍女随侍她的形象来描写她的宫女
（赛 38:14; 59:11。
这一意象暗示无助和被压抑的悲哀，但时时爆发出来）。可能指尼尼微的小城和附属地，或她的被掳妇女 [耶柔米（Jerome）]。格罗提乌斯（Grotius）和莫勒将"领她"译作"哀鸣"或"叹息"。
捶胸——如击打手鼓般捶打胸膛。
英文原文
7. Huzzab--the name of the queen of Nineveh, from a Hebrew root implying that she stood by the king
(Ps 45:9),
[VATABLUS]. Rather, Nineveh personified as a queen. She who had long stood in the most supreme prosperity. Similarly CALVIN. MAURER makes it not a proper name, and translates, "It is established," or "determined" (compare
Ge 41:32).
English Version is more supported by the parallelism.
led away captive--The Hebrew requires rather, "she is laid bare"; brought forth from the apartments where Eastern women remained secluded, and is stripped of her ornamental attire. Compare
Isa 47:2, 3,
where the same image of a woman with face and legs exposed is used of a city captive and dismantled (compare
Na 3:5),
[MAURER].
brought up--Her people shall be made to go up to Babylon. Compare the use of "go up" for moving from a place in
Jer 21:2.
her maids . . . as . . . doves--As Nineveh is compared to a queen dethroned and dishonored, so she has here assigned to her in the image handmaids attending her with dove-like plaints
(Isa 38:14; 59:11.
The image implies helplessness and grief suppressed, but at times breaking out). The minor cities and dependencies of Nineveh may be meant, or her captive women [JEROME]. GROTIUS and MAURER translate, for "lead her," "moan," or "sigh."
tabering--beating on their breasts as on a tambourine.
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8. 然而——更恰当的是"虽然" [G. V. 史密斯]。
自古以来——更恰当的是"自她存在之日起"，即自她存在的最早时期。暗指尼尼微的古老
（创 10:11）。
"虽然尼尼微自古以来以环绕她的水为防御，然而她的居民必逃遁。"格罗提乌斯（Grotius）以较小可能性（比较
鸿 3:8-12）
将"水"解为她众多的人口
（赛 8:7； 耶 51:13； 启 17:15）。
站住，站住，他们呼喊——即少数爱国的市民向逃亡的同胞呼喊；"却无一人回顾"，更遑论停下脚步，他们惊恐之极。
英文原文
8. But--rather, "Though" [G. V. SMITH].
of old--rather, "from the days that she hath been"; from the earliest period of her existence. Alluding to Nineveh's antiquity
(Ge 10:11).
"Though Nineveh has been of old defended by water surrounding her, yet her inhabitants shall flee away." GROTIUS, less probably (compare
Na 3:8-12),
interprets, the "waters" of her numerous population
(Isa 8:7; Jer 51:13; Re 17:15).
Stand, stand, shall they cry--that is, the few patriotic citizens shall cry to their fleeing countrymen; "but none looketh back," much less stops in flight, so panic-stricken are they.
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9. 银子……金子——征服者被召来掠夺这城。尼尼微的财富既来自广泛的商业，也来自如此众多属国每年所缴纳的贡物
（鸿 3:16； 结 27:23, 24）。
宝物——靠劫掠属国所积聚。值得注意的是，在尼尼微的废墟中发现了价值不菲的小物件（金镶嵌的青铜、宝石、印章、雪花石膏瓶），却没有一件金的或银的。正如这里所预言，这些在被焚烧宫殿之前已被"作为掠物取走"。
从一切美好的器具中取出的荣耀——或作"有各样珍贵的器血，极其丰富" [莫勒（Maurer）]。
英文原文
9. silver . . . gold--The conquerors are summoned to plunder the city. Nineveh's riches arose from the annual tribute paid by so many subject states, as well as from its extensive merchandise
(Na 3:16; Eze 27:23, 24).
store--accumulated by the plunder of subject nations. It is remarkable, that while small articles of value (bronze inlaid with gold, gems, seals, and alabaster vases) are found in the ruins of Nineveh, there are is none of gold and silver. These, as here foretold, were "taken for spoil" before the palaces were set on fire.
glory out of all the pleasant furniture--or, "there is abundance of precious vessels of every kind" [MAURER].
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10. 字面作"荒凉，被荒凉的，荒废的"。名词在没有动词的情况下叠加（如
鸿 3:2），
三个词中前两个是同根的派生词，发音相近，其音节数呈某种递进式增加，加强了这一表达阴沉的力度。希伯来文作 Bukah, Mebukah, Mebullakah（比较
赛 24:1, 3, 4； 番 1:15）。
所有人的脸都聚拢黑暗——（见
珥 2:6 注释）。
加尔文（Calvinin）译作"收回（字面作'收拢'）他们的光采"，即血色褪去、变得苍白。这或许是更好的译法。莫勒（Maurer）亦如此认为。
英文原文
10. Literally, "emptiness, and emptiedness, and devastation." The accumulation of substantives without a verb (as in
Na 3:2),
the two first of the three being derivatives of the same root, and like in sound, and the number of syllables in them increasing in a kind of climax, intensify the gloomy effectiveness of the expression. Hebrew, Bukah, Mebukah, Mebullakah (compare
Isa 24:1, 3, 4; Zep 1:15).
faces of all gather blackness--(See on
Joe 2:6).
CALVIN translates, "withdraw (literally, 'gather up') their glow," or flush, that is, grow pale. This is probably the better rendering. So MAURER.
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11. 狮子的洞——尼尼微是各阶层贪婪而毁灭性之战士的帝国所在，他们以"狮子"、"少壮狮子"、"老狮子"（或作母狮 [莫勒（Maurer）]）、"小狮"为表征。这一比喻特别贴切，因为亚述的陵墓中常有各种形态的狮子——有翅膀的，有时带人头的。它如狮子洞满是猎物残骸一般，充满了从万国掠夺来的战利品。"在哪里"云云的提问，暗示耶和华"必彻底灭绝那地方"，以致其旧址也无法寻见
（鸿 1:8）。
这是表达惊奇的提问，因为当时看来实在难以置信。
英文原文
11. dwelling of . . . lions--Nineveh, the seat of empire of the rapacious and destructive warriors of various ranks, typified by the "lions," "young lions," "old lion" (or lioness [MAURER]), "the lion's whelp." The image is peculiarly appropriate, as lions of every form, winged, and sometimes with the head of a man, are frequent in the Assyrian sepulchres. It was as full of spoils of all nations as a lion's den is of remains of its prey. The question, "Where," &c., implies that Jehovah "would make an utter end of the place," so that its very site could not be found
(Na 1:8).
It is a question expressing wonder, so incredible did it then seem.
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12. 猎物……撕裂之物——不同种类的猎物。请比较
赛 3:1，
"所倚靠的粮和所倚靠的水"。
英文原文
12. prey . . . ravin--different kinds of prey. Compare
Isa 3:1,
"the stay and the staff."
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13. 用火烧灭……化为烟——或作（使之成为）"化为烟"，即"彻底地" [莫勒（Maurer）]，
（诗 37:20; 46:9）。
加尔文（Calvin）与英文译本一样解释：火焰一燃起，火冒出烟之际，仅凭那烟我就要烧灭她的战车。
从地上剪除你的猎物——你不再能从地上的万国掠取猎物。
你使者的声音……不再……听见——你的使臣——传达你王命令并向属国勒索贡物的——不再在你的各省中被听见。
英文原文
13. burn . . . in the smoke--or (so as to pass) "into smoke," that is, "entirely" [MAURER],
(Ps 37:20; 46:9).
CALVIN, like English Version, explains, As soon as the flame catches, and the fire smokes, by the mere smoke I will burn her chariots.
cut off thy prey from the earth--Thou shalt no more carry off prey from the nations of the earth.
the voice of thy messengers . . . no more . . . heard--No more shall thy emissaries be heard throughout thy provinces conveying thy king's commands, and exacting tribute of subject nations.
鸿 2:1-13。
尼尼微曾一度被用作神的杖来惩治他的百姓，此后灭命的军队向尼尼微进军，以及按照耶和华确切的话语这狮子洞被攻取。
1. 打碎邦国的——即神的"战斧"，他用它来"打碎"自己的仇敌。
耶 51:20
将同样的希伯来文词用于尼布甲尼撒（比较
箴 25:18； 耶 50:23，
"全地的锤子"）。这里预言性地指在基亚克萨雷斯（Cyaxares）和那波帕拉萨尔（Nabopolassar）率领下毁灭尼尼微的玛代-巴比伦军队。
在你面前——即在尼尼微面前。公开地，使神的工作得以彰显。
把守大道——即把守仇敌将要进攻的道路，以便迎击。这是反讽的建议；等同于一个预言：你将需要用尽一切可能的防御手段；但无论用什么，都将归于徒然。
大力坚固你的腰——腰是力量之所；束腰就是为争战而集中全身之力
（伯 40:7）。
也指佩上刀剑
（撒下 20:8； 王下 4:29）。