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英文原文
Six years bloody Athaliah had tyrannised; in this chapter we have her deposed and slain, and Joash, the rightful heir, enthroned. We had the story before nearly as it is here related, 2Ki 11:4-21, etc. I. Jehoiada prepared the people for the king, acquainted them with his design, armed them, and appointed them their posts, 2Ch 23:1-10. II. He produced the king to the people, crowned him, and anointed him, 2Ch 23:11. III. He slew the usurper, 2Ch 23:12-15. IV. He reformed the kingdom, re-established religion, and restored the civil government, 2Ch 23:16-21.
1-11
Preparations to Restore Judah (878 BC)
复辟犹大的预备（主前878年）
¹ 第七年，耶何耶大奋勇自强，招聚百夫长耶罗罕的儿子亚撒利雅、约哈难的儿子以实玛利、俄备得的儿子亚撒利雅、亚大雅的儿子玛西雅、细基利的儿子以利沙法，与他们立约。
² 他们走遍犹大，从犹大各城招聚利未人和以色列的族长，来到耶路撒冷。
³ 会众在神殿里与王立约。耶何耶大对他们说：看哪，王的儿子必当作王，正如耶和华论大卫子孙所说的话。
⁴ 你们当这样行：凡安息日进班的祭司和利未人，三分之一要作守门的；
⁵ 三分之一要在王宫，三分之一要在基址门；众百姓都要在耶和华殿的院子里。
⁶ 除了祭司和供职的利未人之外，不准别的人进耶和华的殿；惟独他们可以进去，因为他们是圣的；众百姓都要遵守耶和华所吩咐的。
⁷ 利未人要周围环绕王，各人手拿兵器；凡擅入殿的，必被治死；王出入的时候，你们要与他同在。
⁸ 于是利未人和犹大众人都照着祭司耶何耶大一切所吩咐的去行，各人带着安息日进班的人和安息日出班的人；因为祭司耶何耶大没有遣散那些班次。
⁹ 耶何耶大祭司又将大卫王从前藏在神殿里的枪、盾牌和挡牌交给百夫长。
¹⁰ 他使众百姓各人手拿兵器，从殿的右边到殿的左边，靠近坛和殿，周围环绕王。
¹¹ 于是他们领出王的儿子，给他戴上冠冕，将律法书交给他，立他作王。耶何耶大和他众子膏他；众人都说：愿王万岁。
我们可以想象，亚他利雅篡位的六年间，耶路撒冷的局势何等糟糕；也奇怪神竟容许这事，祂的子民竟忍受这么久；但经过这样漫长漆黑的夜晚之后，这次革命中所归回的白昼，便越发明亮、越受欢迎。大卫的子孙与宝座的存续，是神凭祂的圣洁起誓的事（诗89:35）；中断并非废除；治理的潮流此处又归回正道。复辟的工具和主要主持者是耶何耶大；他似乎是——
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极有见识的人。他把这位年幼的王子隐藏多年，直到他能公开露面，直到全国厌烦了篡位者；他事先预备好了自己的工作，然后以可佩的隐秘与迅速加以完成。神有事工要做时，必赐人资格、激励人去作。
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极有威望的人。众百夫长与他联合（代下23:1）。利未人和以色列的族长应他的呼召来到耶路撒冷（代下23:2），在那里听候他的命令。请看智慧与德行能给人何等的权威。「利未人和犹大众人都照着耶何耶大所吩咐的去行」（代下23:8）；而且奇的是，凡托以机密的人都守口如瓶，直到事成。如此「智慧人的言语，在安静之中听受」（传9:17）。
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极有信心的人。促使他行这事，不仅是常理的公平（更不是他妻子与王室的关系），而是因他顾念神的话和王冠的神圣继承（代下23:3）：「王的儿子必当作王」，必当作王，「正如耶和华所说」。他眼目注视应许，并倚赖那应许，给这事业添了不少光彩。
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极有信仰的人。这事要在圣殿中办理，可能因此破坏了一些规矩；事态的紧迫或可视为借口；但他特别吩咐，除了祭司和供职的利未人——因为是圣的——之外，百姓中任何人不得进入耶和华的殿，违者处死（代下23:6,7）。绝不可因支持属世的权益而亵渎圣物。
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极有决心的人。他既承担这事，便贯彻到底，「领出王来，给他戴上冠冕，将律法书交给他」（代下23:11）。他冒了性命的危险，但为善事而冒，所以放胆前进。这里说他的众子与他一同膏这位年幼的王。其中一位，大概就是后来约沙法因他责备自己而处死的那位撒迦利雅（代下24:20）——这就更显得忘恩，因为他曾甘心乐意参与膏立他为王。
英文原文
Preparations to Restore Judah (878 BC)
¹ And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him.
² And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the chief of the fathers of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem.
³ And all the congregation made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king's son shall reign, as the LORD hath said of the sons of David.
⁴ This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you entering on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the doors;
⁵ And a third part shall be at the king's house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LORD.
⁶ But let none come into the house of the LORD, save the priests, and they that minister of the Levites; they shall go in, for they are holy: but all the people shall keep the watch of the LORD.
⁷ And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever else cometh into the house, he shall be put to death: but be ye with the king when he cometh in, and when he goeth out.
⁸ So the Levites and all Judah did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest had commanded, and took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that were to go out on the sabbath: for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses.
⁹ Moreover Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David's, which were in the house of God.
¹⁰ And he set all the people, every man having his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the temple, along by the altar and the temple, by the king round about.
¹¹ Then they brought out the king's son, and put upon him the crown, and gave him the testimony, and made him king. And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and said, God save the king.
We may well imagine the bad posture of affairs in Jerusalem during Athaliah's six years' usurpation, and may wonder that God permitted it and his people bore it so long; but after such a dark and tedious night the returning day in this revolution was the brighter and the more welcome. The continuance of David's seed and throne was what God had sworn by his holiness (Ps 89:35), and an interruption was no defeasance; the stream of government here runs again in the right channel. The instrument and chief manager of the restoration is Jehoiada, who appears to have been, 1. A man of great prudence, who reserved the young prince for so many years till he was fit to appear in public, and till the nation had grown weary of the usurper, who prepared his work beforehand, and then effected it with admirable secresy and expedition. When God has work to do he will qualify and animate men for it. 2. A man of great interest. The captains joined with him, 2Ch 23:1. The Levites and the chief of the fathers of Israel came at his call to Jerusalem (2Ch 23:2) and were there ready to receive his orders. See what a command wisdom and virtue will give men. The Levites and all Judah did as Jehoiada commanded (2Ch 23:8), and, which is strange, all that were entrusted with the secret kept their own counsel till it was executed. Thus the words of the wise are heard in quiet, Ec 9:17. 3. A man of great faith. It was not only common equity (much less his wife's relation to the royal family) that put him upon this undertaking, but a regard to the word of God, and the divine entail of the crown (2Ch 23:3): The king's son shall reign, must reign, as the Lord hath said. His eye to the promise, and dependence upon that, added a great deal of glory to this undertaking. 4. A man of great religion. This matter was to be done in the temple, which might occasion some breach of rule, and the necessity of the case might be thought to excuse it; but he gave special order that none of the people should come into the house of the Lord, but the priests and Levites only, who were holy, upon pain of death, 2Ch 23:6,7. Never let sacred things be profaned, no, not for the support of civil rights. 5. A man of great resolution. When he had undertaken this business he went through with it, brought out the king, crowned him, and gave him the testimony, 2Ch 23:11. He ventured his head, but it was in a good cause, and therefore he went on boldly. It is here said that his sons joined with him in anointing the young king. One of them, it is likely, was that Zechariah whom Joash afterwards put to death for reproving him (2Ch 24:20), which was so much the more ungrateful because he bore a willing part in anointing him.
12-21
Joash Crowned and Athaliah Slain (878 BC)
约阿施加冕，亚他利雅被杀（主前878年）
¹² 亚他利雅听见百姓奔跑赞美的声音，就进到耶和华殿里，到百姓那里。
¹³ 她观看，见王站在进门处的柱旁，众首领和吹号的人在王左右；那地的众百姓都欢乐、吹号，又有歌唱的用各样乐器奏乐，教人歌唱颂赞。亚他利雅就撕裂衣服，说：反了！反了！
¹⁴ 祭司耶何耶大带着管辖军队的百夫长出来，对他们说：把她从队伍中拉出来；凡跟随她的，必用刀杀。因为祭司说：不可在耶和华殿里杀她。
¹⁵ 众兵就下手拿住她；她走到王宫马门的入口，他们就在那里把她杀了。
¹⁶ 耶何耶大使自己和众民，并与王，立约，要作耶和华的民。
¹⁷ 于是众民到巴力庙去，拆毁它，打碎它的坛和像，又在坛前杀了巴力的祭司玛坦。
¹⁸ 耶何耶大又派官管理耶和华殿的事，交在祭司利未人手里，就是大卫从前所派的，照摩西律法上所写的，献耶和华的燔祭，又欢乐、歌唱，按大卫所定的例。
¹⁹ 他又设立守门的在耶和华殿的各门，凡不洁的，无论何事，都不可进去。
²⁰ 他带着百夫长和贵胄，以及民间的官长和那地的众百姓，请王从耶和华殿下来，从上门进了王宫，立他坐在国位上。
²¹ 那地的众百姓都欢喜，全城也都安静；众人既用刀杀了亚他利雅，全城便太平了。
我们在此看见：
一、众百姓的欢喜（代下23:12,13）。王站在他的柱旁——按其本分理当站在那里——「那地的众百姓都欢喜，看见从耶西的本必发一条」（赛11:1）。当大卫家似如「干地的根」，却看见他们曾绝望以为永不得见的事——一位大卫家的王——这对他们是何等令人喜悦的惊喜！他们欢天喜地地奔跑去看这景象，赞美王，又赞美神，因为与他们同在的有「教人歌唱颂赞」的人。
二、亚他利雅被杀。她撞在公义之剑的尖上；因她把自己的势力看得比实际好得多，竟在那时「进耶和华的殿」，喊叫说：「反了！反了！」却无人附和她，无人站在她一边。她心中的骄傲欺骗了她。她以为一切都是自己的，其实没有谁真心如此。耶何耶大作为王幼年时的监护人，下令把她处死（代下23:14），随即执行（代下23:15）；只是当心不可「在耶和华殿里杀她」——那圣地不可如此被玷污，那恶妇也不可如此被尊荣。
三、原始契约的签订（代下23:16）。在《列王纪》中说耶何耶大「使耶和华、百姓与王」立约（王下11:17）；此处说是「他自己、百姓与王」；因为他作为神的祭司，是神在这事上的代表，或如摩西那样作中保。这契约是三方的，但全约的真意是「他们要作耶和华的民」。神借耶何耶大与他们立约，收纳他们作自己的子民；王和百姓与祂立约，要作祂的民；然后王又与百姓立约，要「作神的民」那样治理他们，百姓也与王立约，要在神的敬畏中、为祂的缘故顺服他，「作耶和华的民」。我们若看自己和别人为「耶和华的民」，这对我们尽对神对人的一切本分，必大有影响。
四、巴力的毁灭（代下23:17）。他们若只除灭了篡夺「王」权的人，却不除灭篡夺「神」权的人；只主张了宝座的尊荣，却不主张祭坛的尊荣——他们便只做了一半的工。亚他利雅朝代最大的祸患就是引进了巴力的敬拜并加以扶持；因此那当先废除。要拆毁巴力的庙、坛和像；都要拆毁，使巴力祭司的血与他的祭物相混；因为神曾吩咐，引诱人拜偶像的当被治死（申13:5,6）。
五、圣殿事奉的复兴（代下23:18,19）。这事在前几个朝代被忽略了，因为当君王厌恶它时，祭司和百姓或无权柄、或无热心去维持。耶何耶大使「耶和华殿的事务」——近来被搅扰被侵占的——恢复到当有的次序和当有的人手中。
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他派定祭司的班次，按摩西律法按时献祭。
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派定歌唱者的班次，照大卫所定的。祭物（似是）「以欢喜歌唱献上」，这是应当的。我们「因信称义」之时，便「以神为乐」（罗5:11）。
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守门的被安置在各岗位，照大卫所吩咐的（代下23:19）；他们的本分是留意，凡在仪文上不洁的，都不可进入圣殿的院宇。
六、民政的重建（代下23:20）。他们以隆重的礼仪把王带到他自己的宫殿，使他「坐在国位上」，亲自或借他的师傅耶何耶大颁布律法、施行审判。如此这次愉快的革命便完成了。大多数百姓为之欢乐，其余的也安静，不作反对（代下23:21）。当大卫的子孙在灵魂里登上宝座时，一切都安静，喜乐的泉源便敞开。
英文原文
Joash Crowned and Athaliah Slain (878 BC)
¹² Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD:
¹³ And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of music, and such as taught to sing praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason.
¹⁴ Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth of the ranges: and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword. For the priest said, Slay her not in the house of the LORD.
¹⁵ So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there.
¹⁶ And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the people, and between the king, that they should be the LORD's people.
¹⁷ Then all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars.
¹⁸ Also Jehoiada appointed the offices of the house of the LORD by the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as it was ordained by David.
¹⁹ And he set the porters at the gates of the house of the LORD, that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in.
²⁰ And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of the LORD: and they came through the high gate into the king's house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom.
²¹ And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, after that they had slain Athaliah with the sword.
Here we have, I. The people pleased, 2Ch 23:12,13. When the king stood at his pillar, whose right it was to stand there, all the people of the land rejoiced to see a rod sprung out of the stem of Jesse, Isa 11:1. When it seemed a withered root in a dry ground, to see what they despaired of ever seeing—a king of the house of David, what a pleasing surprise was it to them! They ran in transports of joy to see this sight, praised the king, and praised God, for they had with them such as taught to sing praise.
II. Athaliah slain. She ran upon the point of the sword of justice; for, imagining her interest much better than it was, she ventured into the house of the Lord at that time, and cried, Treason, treason! But nobody seconded her, or sided with her. The pride of her heart deceived her. She thought all her own, whereas none were cordially so. Jehoiada, as protector in the king's minority, ordered her to be slain (2Ch 23:14), which was done immediately (2Ch 23:15), only care was taken that she should not be slain in the house of the Lord, that sacred place must not be so far disgraced, nor that wicked woman so far honoured.
III. The original contract agreed to, 2Ch 23:16. In the Kings it is said that Jehoiada made a covenant between the Lord, the people, and the king, 2Ki 11:17. Here it is said to be between himself, the people, and the king; for he, as God's priest, was his representative in this transaction, or a sort of mediator, as Moses was. The indenture was tripartite, but the true intent and meaning of the whole was that they should be the Lord's people. God covenanted by Jehoiada to take them for his people; the king and people covenanted with him to be his; and then the king covenanted with the people to govern them as the people of God, and the people with the king to be subject to him as the Lord's people, in his fear and for his sake. Let us look upon ourselves and one another as the Lord's people, and this will have a powerful influence upon us in the discharge of all our duty both to God and man.
IV. Baal destroyed, 2Ch 23:17. They would not have done half their work if they had only destroyed the usurper of the king's right, and not the usurper of God's right—if they had asserted the honour of the throne, and not that of the altar. The greatest grievance of Athaliah's reign was the bringing in of the worship of Baal, and supporting of that; therefore that must be abolished in the first place. Down with Baal's house, his altars, his images; down with them all, and let the blood of his priests be mingled with his sacrifices; for God had commanded that seducers to idolatry should be put to death, De 13:5,6.
V. The temple service revived, 2Ch 23:18,19. This had been neglected in the last reigns, the priest and people wanting either power or zeal to keep it up when they had princes that were disaffected to it. But Jehoiada restored the offices of the house of the Lord, which in the late times had been disturbed and invaded, to the proper course and proper hands. 1. He appointed the priests to their courses, for the due offering of sacrifices, according to the law of Moses. 2. The singers to theirs, according to the appointment of David. The sacrifices (it should seem) were offered with rejoicing and singing, and with good reason. We joy in God when we receive the atonement, Ro 5:11. 3. The porters were put in their respective posts as David ordered (2Ch 23:19), and their office was to take care that none who were upon any account ceremonially unclean should be admitted into the courts of the temple.
VI. The civil government re-established, 2Ch 23:20. They brought the king in state to his own palace, and set him upon the throne of the kingdom, to give law, and give judgment, either in his own person or by Jehoiada his tutor. Thus was this happy revolution perfected. The generality of the people rejoiced in it, and the rest were quiet and made no opposition, 2Ch 23:21. When the Son of David is enthroned in the soul all is quiet and springs of joy are opened.
血腥的亚他利雅已专权暴虐六年；本章所记的，是她的被废与被杀，以及合法王储约阿施的被立为王。这个故事我们已在前文读过，所记的与此处大致相同（王下11:4-21等）。本章所记的有：一、耶何耶大为新王预备百姓，把他们所设计的方案告诉他们，为他们配备兵器，并为他们指定当站的岗位（代下23:1-10）。二、他将王带到百姓面前，为他加冕，又膏他（代下23:11）。三、他诛灭了那篡位者（代下23:12-15）。四、他改革国政，重立信仰，又恢复民政（代下23:16-21）。