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英文原文
We have here a further account of the furniture of God's house. I. Those things that were of brass. The altar for burnt-offerings (2Ch 4:1), the sea and lavers to hold water (2Ch 4:2-6), the plates with which the doors of the court were overlaid (2Ch 4:9), the vessels of the altar, and other things, 2Ch 4:10-18. II. Those that were of gold. The candlesticks and tables (2Ch 4:7,8), the altar of incense (2Ch 4:19), and the appurtenances of each of these, 2Ch 4:20-22. All these, except the brazen altar (2Ch 4:1), were accounted for more largely, 1Ki 7:23-50, etc.
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The Furniture of the Temple (1012 BC)
圣殿的器具（主前1012年）
¹ 他又制造一座铜坛，长二十肘、宽二十肘、高十肘。
² 他又铸一个铜海，从这边的边到那边的边十肘，完全是圆的，高五肘，周围的线长三十肘。
³ 海下面有牛的样式，每肘十只，环绕铜海四周；铜海铸成之时，铸了两行牛。
⁴ 海坐在十二只牛的背上：三只向北，三只向西，三只向南，三只向东；海在它们上面，牛的后部都向内。
⁵ 海厚一掌，边如杯边之工，又像百合花；可容三千罢特。
⁶ 他又制造十个盆，五个放在右边，五个放在左边，为洗涤之用；燔祭所当献的物要在其中洗，但铜海是为祭司沐浴之用。
⁷ 他又照规定的式样制造十个金灯台，安在殿里，五个在右边，五个在左边。
⁸ 他又造十张桌子，安在殿里，五张在右边，五张在左边；又造一百个金碗。
⁹ 他又建造祭司院和大院，并院子的门，门上包铜。
¹⁰ 他将铜海安在殿门东边、南面的右边。
大卫常常带着深情说到「耶和华的殿」和「我们神的院」。门外门内都有象征福音之恩、预表未来美事之物，这些美事的实体就是基督。
一、在外院的明显之处，在众百姓眼前，有几样极有意义之物。
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有「铜坛」（代下4:1）。在《列王纪》中没有提到它的制造。一切祭物都在其上献上，坛也叫礼物成圣。这坛比摩西在会幕中所造的大得多；那是五肘见方，这是二十肘见方。如今以色列人数既多、又富足，我们也盼他们更敬虔（每一代都当立志比前一代更有智慧、更善良），就可指望比从前有更丰盛的祭物带到神的坛前；所以这坛被造得如 此宽大的台座，可以容纳这一切，免得有人借口说坛上没有地方接收，就不把他们虔诚的奉献带来。神既大大扩张他们的境界，他们理当也扩张他的坛。我们的回报当与我们所领受的相称。坛高十肘，所以在院中敬拜的百姓可以看见祭牲被焚烧，眼见便能打动他们的心，使他们为罪忧伤：「这是因耶和华的怜悯，我才不致如此被焚灭，这祭牲得蒙悦纳，作为我罪孽的赎价。」他们由此可以被引导，思想到将来在时候满足之时所要献上、能除去世人之罪、废掉死亡的那大祭——这是牛羊的血所不能作的。借着祭物的烟，他们的心也可在圣洁的渴慕中升到天上，仰望神和神的恩。我们在一切敬拜中，都当用信心的眼目定睛于基督——那伟大的挽回祭。他们怎样上到这坛，怎样把祭物带到坛上，圣经没有告诉我们；有人认为借着像小山那样的平坡；若是借台阶而上，无疑台阶的设计也使出20:26所提的律法得以遵行。
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有「铜海」——一口极大的铜盆，里面盛水供祭司洗濯之用（代下4:2、6）。它放在祭司院入口处，正如教堂门口的洗礼盆一般。它若盛满到边，可容三千罢特（如此处代下4:5所言），但通常其中只有二千罢特（王上7:26）。圣灵借此表明：（1）我们极大的福音特权——「基督的血洗净我们一切的罪」（约壹1:7）。为我们「开了一个泉源」，为一切信徒（他们就是属灵的祭司，启1:5-6），不，为「耶路撒冷的居民」都可以在其中洗净罪——那原是不洁之物。耶稣基督功劳丰满，足够一切凭信心就近他、求洁净良心、好「事奉永生神」之人所用（来9:14）。（2）我们极大的福音本分，就是借着真实的悔改，洁净自己，脱离肉体的污秽和世界上的败坏。我们的心必须成圣，否则我们不能使神的名成圣。亲近神的人必须「洁净手，清洁心」（雅4:8）。「我若不洗你，你就与我无分了」；而且那「已经洗过澡的人」，仍需「洗脚」，每逢他要进去事奉之时，仍要更新悔改（约13:10）。
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有「十个铜盆」，「他们要在其中洗净燔祭所当献的物」（代下4:6）。祭司要洗，祭物也要洗。我们不仅在准备尽信仰本分时要洁净自己，更要小心除去那些粘附在我们的本分本身之上、污秽它们的虚妄意念和败坏动机。
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院的门「包上铜」（代下4:9），既为坚固又为美观，也使门不至因所受的风雨而朽坏。诗107:16也提到「铜门」。
二、在「耶和华的殿」中（只有祭司进去事奉）的几样物，也有极深的意义。那里一切都是金。我们越亲近神，就越当纯洁，也必将越纯洁。1. 有「十个金灯台」，照着会幕中那一个的样式而造（代下4:7）。写下来的话语是灯、是光，照亮暗处。摩西之时只有一个灯台，即五经；但日后要陆续加添的其他圣经书卷，或可用这灯台数目的增加来表明。光正在加添。灯台就是众教会（启1:20）。摩西只设立了一个——犹太人的教会；但在福音的圣殿中，不仅信徒增多，教会也增多。2. 有「十张金桌子」（代下4:8），「摆陈设饼的桌子」（代下4:19）。也许每张桌子上都有十二个陈设饼。殿既扩大了，殿里的家常也随之扩大。「在我父的家里，有足够的饼给全家人吃。」这些桌子配有一百个金碗或金盘；因为神的桌子陈设丰美。3. 有「金坛」（代下4:19），在其上烧香。这坛大概与铜坛相称地扩大了。基督一次为罪献上了挽回祭，便永远活着，借这挽回祭的功劳为人代求。
¹¹ 户兰又制造锅、铲、碗。户兰为所罗门王所当为神殿作的工，就这样作完了。
¹² 就是两根柱子，和柱顶上两个球，盖在两根柱子顶上；又有两套网子，遮盖柱顶上两个球。
¹³ 两套网子上共有四百石榴；每套网子上有两行石榴，遮盖柱顶上的两个球。
¹⁴ 他又制造座，又在其上制造盆。
¹⁵ 一个铜海，底下有十二只牛。
¹⁶ 户兰又为耶和华的殿制造锅、铲、肉叉和一切器具，都是用光亮的铜作的。
¹⁷ 王在约旦平原、疏割和撒利但之间的胶泥地里铸造这些物件。
¹⁸ 所罗门制造这一切器具甚多；铜的重量无法可查。
¹⁹ 所罗门又为神殿造了一切器具：金坛、摆陈设饼的桌子；
²⁰ 又有灯台和灯盏，按内殿前的样式用精金制造；
²¹ 还有花、灯、蜡剪，都是金作的，且是纯全的金；
²² 蜡花盘、碗、勺、火鼎，都是精金作的；又殿的门、至圣所的内门，并殿的门，都是金作的。
我们在此读到的，是圣殿铜工和金工的总览，与我们已读过的王上7:13-51等处大致相同。我们在此没有更多要观察的，除了：1. 工人户兰十分守约：「他作完了……所当作的工」（代下4:11），他所当作的工没有一样留下未作。他被称为「户兰，他的父亲」（代下4:16）。这可能是个常见的绰号，即「户兰父」；因为推罗王称他为「我父户兰」，所罗门也随而称他为他的父——他既是伟大的巧匠，又是铜铁工匠的祖师。他无论在巧思和殷勤上都尽善尽美。2. 所罗门十分慷慨。他「制造这一切器具甚多」（代下4:18），各样都有许多，可以雇用许多工人，使工程加快进行；或者也可以把一些备用，等别的用坏了再拿出来用。他「白白地领受」，也愿「白白地舍去」。他既已造了足够当前所用的器具，也不肯把剩下的铜转作己用；它既已献给神，就必为神所用。
英文原文
The Furniture of the Temple (1012 BC)
¹ Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof.
² Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass, and five cubits the height thereof; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.
³ And under it was the similitude of oxen, which did compass it round about: ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about. Two rows of oxen were cast, when it was cast.
⁴ It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward.
⁵ And the thickness of it was a handbreadth, and the brim of it like the work of the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies; and it received and held three thousand baths.
⁶ He made also ten lavers, and put five on the right hand, and five on the left, to wash in them: such things as they offered for the burnt offering they washed in them; but the sea was for the priests to wash in.
⁷ And he made ten candlesticks of gold according to their form, and set them in the temple, five on the right hand, and five on the left.
⁸ He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side, and five on the left. And he made an hundred basons of gold.
⁹ Furthermore he made the court of the priests, and the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with brass.
¹⁰ And he set the sea on the right side of the east end, over against the south.
David often speaks with much affection both of the house of the Lord and of the courts of our God. Both without doors and within there was that which typified the grace of the gospel and shadowed out good things to come, of which the substance is Christ.
I. There were those things in the open court, in the view of all the people, which were very significant.
1. There was the brazen altar, 2Ch 4:1. The making of this was not mentioned in the Kings. On this all the sacrifices were offered, and it sanctified the gift. This altar was much larger than that which Moses made in the tabernacle; that was five cubits square, this was twenty cubits square. Now that Israel had become both numerous and more rich, and it was to be hoped more devout (for every age should aim to be wiser and better than that which went before it), it was expected that there would be a greater abundance of offerings brought to God's altar than had been. It was therefore made such a capacious scaffold that it might hold them all, and none might excuse themselves from bringing those temptations of their devotion by alleging that there was not room to receive them. God had greatly enlarged their borders; it was therefore fit that they should enlarge his altars. Our returns should bear some proportion to our receivings. It was ten cubits high, so that the people who worshipped in the courts might see the sacrifice burnt, and their eye might affect their heart with sorrow for sin: "It is of the Lord's mercies that I am not thus consumed, and that this is accepted as an expiation of my guilt." They might thus be led to consider the great sacrifice which should be offered in the fulness of time to take away sin and abolish death, which the blood of bulls and goats could not possibly do. And with the smoke of the sacrifices their hearts might ascend to heaven in holy desires towards God and his favour. In all our devotions we must keep the eye of faith fixed upon Christ, the great propitiation. How they went up to this altar, and carried the sacrifices up to it, we are not told; some think by a plain ascent like a hill: if by steps, doubtless they were so contrived as that the end of the law (mentioned Ex 20:26) might be answered.
2. There was the molten sea, a very large brass pan, in which they put water for the priests to wash in, 2Ch 4:2,6. It was put just at the entrance into the court of the priests, like the font at the church door. If it were filled to the brim, it would hold 3000 baths (as here, 2Ch 4:5), but ordinarily there were only 2000 baths in it, 1Ki 7:26. The Holy Ghost by this signified, (1.) Our great gospel privilege, that the blood of Christ cleanseth from all sin, 1Jo 1:7. To us there is a fountain opened for all believers (who are spiritual priests, Re 1:5,6), nay, for all the inhabitants of Jerusalem to wash in, from sin, which is uncleanness. There is a fulness of merit in Jesus Christ for all those that by faith apply to him for the purifying of their consciences, that they might serve the living God, Heb 9:14. (2.) Our great gospel duty, which is to cleanse ourselves by true repentance from all the pollutions of the flesh and the corruption that is in the world. Our hearts must be sanctified, or we cannot sanctify the name of God. Those that draw nigh to God must cleanse their hands, and purify their hearts, Jam 4:8. If I was thee not, thou hast no part with me; and he that is washed still needs to wash his feet, to renew his repentance, whenever he goes in to minister, Joh 13:10.
3. There were ten lavers of brass, in which they washed such things as they offered for the burnt-offerings, 2Ch 4:6. As the priests must be washed, so must the sacrifices. We must not only purify ourselves in preparation for our religious performances, but carefully put away all those vain thoughts and corrupt aims which cleave to our performances themselves and pollute them.
4. The doors of the court were overlaid with brass (2Ch 4:9), both for strength and beauty, and that they might not be rotted with the weather, to which they were exposed. Gates of brass we read of, Ps 107:16.
II. There were those things in the house of the Lord (into which the priests alone went to minister) that were very significant. All was gold there. The nearer we come to God the purer we must be, the purer we shall be. 1. There were ten golden candlesticks, according to the form of that one which was in the tabernacle, 2Ch 4:7. The written word is a lamp and a light, shining in a dark place. In Moses's time they had but one candlestick, the Pentateuch; but the additions which, in process of time, were to be made of other books of scripture might be signified by this increase of the number of the candlesticks. Light was growing. The candlesticks are the churches, Re 1:20. Moses set up but one, the church of the Jews; but, in the gospel temple, not only believers, but churches, are multiplied. 2. There were ten golden tables (2Ch 4:8), tables whereon the show-bread was set, 2Ch 4:19. Perhaps every one of the tables had twelve loaves of show-bread on it. As the house was enlarged, the house-keeping was. In my father's house there is bread enough for the whole family. To those tables belonged 100 golden basins, or dishes; for God's table is well furnished. 3. There was a golden altar (2Ch 4:19), on which they burnt incense. It is probable that this was enlarged in proportion to the brazen altar. Christ, who once for all made atonement for sin, ever lives, making intercession, in virtue of that atonement.
¹¹ And Huram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basons. And Huram finished the work that he was to make for king Solomon for the house of God;
¹² To wit, the two pillars, and the pommels, and the chapiters which were on the top of the two pillars, and the two wreaths to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were on the top of the pillars;
¹³ And four hundred pomegranates on the two wreaths; two rows of pomegranates on each wreath, to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were upon the pillars.
¹⁴ He made also bases, and lavers made he upon the bases;
¹⁵ One sea, and twelve oxen under it.
¹⁶ The pots also, and the shovels, and the fleshhooks, and all their instruments, did Huram his father make to king Solomon for the house of the LORD of bright brass.
¹⁷ In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredathah.
¹⁸ Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance: for the weight of the brass could not be found out.
¹⁹ And Solomon made all the vessels that were for the house of God, the golden altar also, and the tables whereon the showbread was set;
²⁰ Moreover the candlesticks with their lamps, that they should burn after the manner before the oracle, of pure gold;
²¹ And the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, made he of gold, and that perfect gold;
²² And the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers, of pure gold: and the entry of the house, the inner doors thereof for the most holy place, and the doors of the house of the temple, were of gold.
We have here such a summary both of the brass-work and the gold-work of the temple as we had before (1Ki 7:13-51, etc.), in which we have nothing more to observe than, 1. That Huram the workman was very punctual: He finished all that he was to make (2Ch 4:11), and left no part of his work undone. Huram, his father, he is called, 2Ch 4:16. Probably it was a sort of nickname by which he was commonly known, Father Huram; for the king of Tyre called him Huram Abi, my father, in compliance with whom Solomon called him his, he being a great artist and father of the artificers in brass and iron. He acquitted himself well both for ingenuity and industry. 2. Solomon was very generous. He made all the vessels in great abundance (2Ch 4:18), many of a sort, that many hands might be employed, and so the work might go on with expedition, or that some might be laid up for use when others were worn out. Freely he has received, and he will freely give. When he had made vessels enough for the present he could not convert the remainder of the brass to his own use; it is devoted to God, and it shall be used for him.
本章进一步记载神殿中之器具。一、铜制的器具：燔祭坛（代下4:1），盛水的铜海和盆（代下4:2-6），院门所包的铜板（代下4:9），坛的器皿和其他物件（代下4:10-18）。二、金制的器具：灯台和桌子（代下4:7-8），香坛（代下4:19），以及各样附属之物（代下4:20-22）。除了铜坛之外（代下4:1），这一切在王上7:23-50等处已有更详尽的记述。