서론
无标题
英文原文
In this chapter we have the law concerning the peace-offerings, whether they were, I. Of the heard, a bullock or a heifer, Le 3:1-5. Or, II. Of the flock, either a lamb (Le 3:6-11) or a goat, Le 3:12-17. The ordinances concerning each of these are much the same, yet they are repeated, to show the care we ought to take that all our services be done according to the appointment and the pleasure God takes in the services that are so performed. It is likewise to intimate what need we have of precept upon precept, and line upon line.
1-17
Law of the Peace-Offering (1490 BC)
平安祭的律法（主前1490年）
¹ 人献供物为平安祭，若是从牛群中献，无论是公的母的，必要没有残疾的，献在耶和华面前。 \n> ² 他要按手在供物的头上，宰于会幕门口。亚伦子孙作祭司的，要把血洒在坛的周围。 \n> ³ 从平安祭中，他要将火祭献给耶和华，就是盖脏的脂油和脏上所有的脂油， \n> ⁴ 并两个腰子和腰子上的脂油，就是靠腰两旁的，并与肝上的网子和腰子，一概取下。 \n> ⁵ 亚伦的子孙要在坛上把这一切烧在燔祭上，就是在坛的柴上烧着的火祭上，献给耶和华为馨香的火祭。
燔祭是仰望神本身为至善之物，最为完全至美；它们纯粹表明敬拜，所以全然焚烧。但平安祭则是仰望神为受造之物的恩主，并将各样美物赐给我们；所以这些祭要在坛、祭司和献祭者之间分用。平安的意义有：1. 和好、和睦与相交。所以这些祭称为平安祭，因为神和祂的百姓在其中仿佛一同坐席，作为友谊的记号。那为人设立来办理关乎神之事的祭司，将这平安祭的一部分归给神（就是祂所要求的那一分，理当先伺候祂），烧在神的坛上；一部分给献祭者，让他与家人朋友同吃；一部分归自己，作为那按手在双方身上的中保。他们除非已经和好，否则不能如此同吃；所以这是神人之间友谊和相通的象征，也是平安之约的印证。2. 它表明昌盛和一切福乐：愿你平安便等于愿各样美福归于你；所以平安祭或是：(1.）为所缺少、所渴望的某样美物，借祈求的方式而献。若有人在追求或期望得着什么怜恤，便以平安祭来印证他为这事所献的祷告，很可能在按手在供物头上时便献上这祷告。基督就是我们的平安，我们的平安祭；因为惟独借着祂，我们才能指望得怜恤，并使我们的祷告得着平安的回应；在祂里面，正直的祷告必蒙悦纳、必见果效，纵然我们不献平安祭。我们奉献的代价愈轻省，便当愈活泼、愈恳切。或(2.）为所得的某项特别的怜恤，以感恩的方式而献。这称为感恩的平安祭，因为有时正是如此；在别的情况下则称为许愿，利7:15,16。也有人认为原文的词是酬报之意。当他们得了什么特别的怜恤，并思想当献上什么时，便受指示当向那赐怜悯的神献上这祭，作为对所得恩惠的感恩承认，诗116:12。我们也当借着我们这位平安之祭基督，不断地献上颂赞为祭献给神；这样必比献公牛或公牛犊更蒙耶和华喜悦。请留意，
I. 论到平安祭的供物，若是从牛群中献，必须没有残疾；若是如此，是公是母并无分别，利3:1。在我们属灵的祭上，神所看重的不是性别，而是内心，加3:28。
II. 论到献祭的处理。1. 献祭者要借庄严的移交，将自己的权益转归给神（利3:2），并且按手在祭牲头上，承认他为此定为感恩祭的那特别的怜恤；若是许愿，便献上祷告。2. 必须宰杀；这事虽然可在院子的任何一处进行，然而经上说是在会幕门口，因为人所领受或期望的怜恤，都承认是从神而来，祷告或赞美也都指向祂，并且仿佛都是经过那门而达。我们的主耶稣曾说：我就是门，祂实在是会幕的门。3. 祭司要把血洒在坛上，因为正是血为魂作了赎罪；虽然这不是赎罪祭，但我们必须受教，晓得在我们一切献祭的事上，都要仰望基督为挽回祭，因为我们知道，我们最好的事奉若不借着祂使罪得赦，就不能蒙悦纳。悔改的认罪必须与感恩的承认常相伴随；无论我们求什么怜恤，为要得着，都必须先求除去罪咎，因为正是罪孽拦阻美福不到我们这里来。先除净一切罪孽，然后才悦纳我们，或说赐下美福，何14:2。4. 一切内脏的脂油，就是我们所称的板油和肥油，连同包裹它的网子以及其间的腰子，都要取下，烧在坛上，作为火祭，利3:3-5。这就是从平安祭中献给耶和华的全部；至于其余的当如何处置，我们在利7:11-34等处可见。这里吩咐要烧在燔祭之上，就是每日常献的燔祭——每日早晨在其他祭未献以先所献的那只羊羔；所以平安祭的脂油是加在其上，作为其延续。那伟大的平安之祭——除去世人罪孽的神的羔羊——为我们的颂赞之祭预备了祭坛，这些祭要等到我们与神和好之后才蒙悦纳。焚烧这脂油，被认为表明：(1.）在我们一切祷告和赞美中，将自己良善的情感献给神。神要的是内脏；因为我们在祷告中必须倾吐自己的灵魂、举起我们的心，并要用我们里面的一切来称颂祂的名。凡我们与神相关的事，都要求我们在内心深处与祂亲近。脂油表明最好、最精选的部分，必须常献给神，因为祂为我们预备了肥甘的筵席。(2.）治死我们败坏的情感和私欲，并用神圣恩典的火将其焚烧，西3:5。我们惟有在舍弃自己的罪，并借审判的灵和焚烧的灵（赛4:4）使心得脱离一切肉欲之后，才是真正为已往的怜恤感恩，并预备好领受更大的怜恤。
⁶ 人献给耶和华为平安祭的供物，若是从羊群中献，无论是公的母的，必要没有残疾的。 \n> ⁷ 若献一只羊羔为供物，就要献在耶和华面前。 \n> ⁸ 他要按手在供物的头上，宰于会幕前。亚伦的子孙要把血洒在坛的周围。 \n> ⁹ 从平安祭中，他要将火祭献给耶和华，其中的脂油和整条肥尾巴，要在贴近脊骨处取下，并盖脏的脂油和脏上所有的脂油， \n> ¹⁰ 并两个腰子和腰子上的脂油，就是靠腰两旁的，并与肝上的网子和腰子，一概取下。 \n> ¹¹ 祭司要在坛上把这一切烧了，这是献给耶和华为火祭的食物。 \n> ¹² 他的供物若是一只山羊，就要献在耶和华面前。 \n> ¹³ 他要按手在山羊的头上，宰于会幕前。亚伦的子孙要把血洒在坛的周围。 \n> ¹⁴ 他要从中献上他的供物，就是献给耶和华为火祭，盖脏的脂油和脏上所有的脂油， \n> ¹⁵ 并两个腰子和腰子上的脂油，就是靠腰两旁的，并与肝上的网子和腰子，一概取下。 \n> ¹⁶ 祭司要在坛上把这一切烧了，这是献给耶和华为馨香之火祭的食物。所有的脂油都是属耶和华的。 \n> ¹⁷ 这在你们一切的住处，要作你们世世代代永远的定例：脂油和血都不可吃。
此处论到平安祭的条例，若所献的是绵羊或山羊。斑鸠或雏鸽，虽可献为全燔之祭，却不可作平安祭，因为它们没有足量的脂油可烧在坛上；若按平安祭的律法加以分用，便几乎等于无物。论到献羊羔或山羊作平安祭的律例，与论公牛的几乎相同，此处没有多少新事；但，1. 羊的尾巴要与内脏的脂油一同烧在坛上，就是整条肥尾巴（利3:9），因为在那些地方这尾巴又肥又大。有人由此观察到，无论一物何等卑微，神只要将其用于自己的事奉，便能使其得尊荣。所以经上说，神把更充足的荣耀加在那有缺欠的肢体上，林前12:23,24。2. 烧在坛上的那部分称为献祭的食物，利3:11,16。它养活了圣火；在神眼中如同我们的食物在我们眼中之可悦；既然神在会幕中仿佛在他们中间治理家事，便借着坛上的祭物摆设了丰美的筵席，正如所罗门在他的宫中一样，王上4:22-28等。3. 这里立下了一个通则：所有的脂油都是属耶和华的（利3:16），并据此立下律法：他们脂油和血都不可吃，就是在自己家中也不可，利3:17。(1.）至于脂油，所论的并不是与肉相间的肥油（那是可以吃的，尼8:10），而是内脏的脂油，即板油，这一向是献祭牲畜中归神的一分；所以他们不可吃，连他们为日常食用所宰的牲畜也不可。这样神便保守那归祂为圣之物的尊荣。他们不仅不可吃那作为坛上食物的脂油，连任何与之相类的脂油也不可吃，免得耶和华的桌子（坛既是如此称呼），若不为其保留一份特有的分，便被人轻看，以致其上的果子，就是可吃的食物，也被轻看，玛1:7,12。(2.）血也同样是普遍被禁的，理由与脂油相同，因为它是每一种祭中归神的一分。异教徒喝他们祭牲的血；所以我们读到他们有血的奠祭，诗16:4。但神不容许那作赎罪之用的血被当作凡物（来10:29），也不容许我们虽然享用了所成就之赎罪的安慰，却以为自己有分于成就这赎罪的功劳。夸口的，当指着主夸口，所有的血都当倾倒在祂面前，归给祂的赞美。
英文原文
Law of the Peace-Offering (1490 BC)
¹ And if his oblation be a sacrifice of peace offering, if he offer it of the herd; whether it be a male or female, he shall offer it without blemish before the LORD.
² And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron's sons the priests shall sprinkle the blood upon the altar round about.
³ And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
⁴ And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away.
⁵ And Aaron's sons shall burn it on the altar upon the burnt sacrifice, which is upon the wood that is on the fire: it is an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD.
The burnt-offerings had regard to God as in himself the best of beings, most perfect and excellent; they were purely expressive of adoration, and therefore were wholly burnt. But the peace-offerings had regard to God as a benefactor to his creatures, and the giver of all good things to us; and therefore these were divided between the altar, the priest, and the owner. Peace signifies, 1. Reconciliation, concord, and communion. And so these were called peace-offerings, because in them God and his people did, as it were, feast together, in token of friendship. The priest, who was ordained for men in things pertaining to God, gave part of this peace-offering to God (that part which he required, and it was fit he should be first served), burning it upon God's altar; part he gave to the offerer, to be eaten by him with his family and friends; and part he took to himself, as the days-man that laid his hand upon them both. They could not thus eat together unless they were agreed; so that it was a symbol of friendship and fellowship between God and man, and a confirmation of the covenant of peace. 2. It signifies prosperity and all happiness: Peace be to you was as much as, All good be to you; and so the peace-offerings were offered either, (1.) By way of supplication or request for some good that was wanted and desired. If a man was in the pursuit or expectation of any mercy, he would back his prayer for it with a peace-offering, and probably put up the prayer when he laid his hand upon the head of his offering. Christ is our peace, our peace-offering; for through him alone it is that we can expect to obtain mercy, and an answer of peace to our prayers; and in him an upright prayer shall be acceptable and successful, though we bring not a peace-offering. The less costly our devotions are the more lively and serious they should be. Or, (2.) By way of thanksgiving for some particular mercy received. It is called a peace-offering of thanksgiving, for so it was sometimes; as in other cases a vow, Le 7:15,16. And some make the original word to signify retribution. When they had received any special mercy, and were enquiring what they should render, this they were directed to render to the God of their mercies as a grateful acknowledgment for the benefit done to them, Ps 116:12. And we must offer to God the sacrifice of praise continually, by Christ our peace; and then this shall please the Lord better than an ox or bullock. Observe,
I. As to the matter of the peace-offering, suppose it was of the herd, it must be without blemish; and, if it was so, it was indifferent whether it was male or female, Le 3:1. In our spiritual offerings, it is not the sex, but the heart, that God looks at, Ga 3:28.
II. As to the management of it. 1. The offerer was, by a solemn manumission, to transfer his interest in it to God (Le 3:2), and, with his hand on the head of the sacrifice, to acknowledge the particular mercies for which he designed this a thank-offering, or, if it was a vow, to make his prayer. 2. It must be killed; and, although this might be done in any part of the court, yet it is said to be at the door of the tabernacle, because the mercies received or expected were acknowledged to come from God, and the prayers or praises were directed to him, and both, as it were, through that door. Our Lord Jesus has said, I am the door, for he is indeed the door of the tabernacle. 3. The priest must sprinkle the blood upon the altar, for it was the blood that made atonement for the soul; and, though this was not a sin-offering, yet we must be taught that in all our offerings we must have an eye to Christ as the propitiation for sin, as those who know that the best of their services cannot be accepted unless through him their sins be pardoned. Penitent confessions must always go along with our thankful acknowledgments; and, whatever mercy we pray for, in order to it we must pray for the removal of guilt, as that which keeps good things from us. First take away all iniquity, and then receive us graciously, or give good, Ho 14:2. 4. All the fat of the inwards, that which we call the tallow and suet, with the caul that encloses it and the kidneys in the midst of it, were to be taken away, and burnt upon the altar, as an offering made by fire, Le 3:3-5. And this was all that was sacrificed to the Lord out of the peace-offering; how the rest was to be disposed of we shall find, Le 7:11-34, etc. It is ordered to be burnt upon the burnt-sacrifice, that is, the daily burnt-offering, the lamb which was offered every morning before any other sacrifice was offered; so that the fat of the peace-offerings was an addition to that, and a continuation of it. The great sacrifice of peace, that of the Lamb of God which takes away the sins of the world, prepares the altar for our sacrifices of praise, which are not accepted till we are reconciled. Now the burning of this fat is supposed to signify, (1.) The offering up of our good affections to God in all our prayers and praises. God must have the inwards; for we must pour out our souls, and lift up our hearts, in prayer, and must bless his name with all that is within us. It is required that we be inward with God in every thing wherein we have to do with him. The fat denotes the best and choicest, which must always be devoted to God, who has made for us a feast of fat things. (2.) The mortifying of our corrupt affections and lusts, and the burning up of them by the fire of divine grace, Col 3:5. Then we are truly thankful for former mercies, and prepared to receive further mercy, when we part with our sins, and have our minds cleared from all sensuality by the spirit of judgment and the spirit of burning, Isa 4:4.
⁶ And if his offering for a sacrifice of peace offering unto the LORD be of the flock; male or female, he shall offer it without blemish.
⁷ If he offer a lamb for his offering, then shall he offer it before the LORD.
⁸ And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it before the tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron's sons shall sprinkle the blood thereof round about upon the altar.
⁹ And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat thereof, and the whole rump, it shall he take off hard by the backbone; and the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
¹⁰ And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away.
¹¹ And the priest shall burn it upon the altar: it is the food of the offering made by fire unto the LORD.
¹² And if his offering be a goat, then he shall offer it before the LORD.
¹³ And he shall lay his hand upon the head of it, and kill it before the tabernacle of the congregation: and the sons of Aaron shall sprinkle the blood thereof upon the altar round about.
¹⁴ And he shall offer thereof his offering, even an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
¹⁵ And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away.
¹⁶ And the priest shall burn them upon the altar: it is the food of the offering made by fire for a sweet savour: all the fat is the LORD's.
¹⁷ It shall be a perpetual statute for your generations throughout all your dwellings, that ye eat neither fat nor blood.
Directions are here given concerning the peace-offering, if it was a sheep or a goat. Turtle-doves or young pigeons, which might be brought for whole burnt offerings, were not allowed for peace-offerings, because they have no fat considerable enough to be burnt upon the altar; and they would be next to nothing if they were to be divided according to the law of the peace-offerings. The laws concerning a lamb or goat offered for a peace offering are much the same with those concerning a bullock, and little now occurs here; but, 1. The rump of the mutton was to be burnt with the fat of the inwards upon the altar, the whole rump (Le 3:9), because in those countries it was very fat and large. Some observe from this that, be a thing ever so contemptible, God can make it honourable, by applying it to his service. Thus God is said to give more abundant honour to that part which lacked, 1Co 12:23,24. 2. That which was burnt upon the altar is called the food of the offering, Le 3:11,16. It fed the holy fire; it was acceptable to God as our food is to us; and since in the tabernacle God did, as it were, keep house among them, by the offerings on the altar he kept a good table, as Solomon in his court, 1Ki 4:22-28, etc. 3. Here is a general rule laid down, that all the fat is the Lord's (Le 3:16), and a law made thereupon, that they should eat neither fat nor blood, no, not in their private houses, Le 3:17. (1.) As for the fat, it is not meant of that which is interlarded with the meat (that they might eat, Neh 8:10), but the fat of the inwards, the suet, which was always God's part out of the sacrificed beasts; and therefore they must not eat of it, no, not out of the beasts that they killed for their common use. Thus would God preserve the honour of that which was sacred to himself. They must not only not feed upon that fat which was to be the food of the altar, but not upon any like it, lest the table of the Lord (as the altar is called), if something were not reserved peculiar to it, should become contemptible, and the fruit thereof, even its meat, contemptible, Mal 1:7,12. (2.) The blood was universally forbidden likewise, for the same reason that the fat was, because it was God's part of every sacrifice. The heathen drank the blood of their sacrifices; hence we read of their drink-offerings of blood, Ps 16:4. But God would not permit the blood, that made atonement, to be used as a common thing (Heb 10:29), nor will he allow us, though we have the comfort of the atonement made, to assume to ourselves any share in the honour of making it. He that glories, let him glory in the Lord, and to his praise let all the blood be poured out.
本章记载有关平安祭的律法：I. 若从牛群中献，或公牛或母牛，利3:1-5。II. 若从羊群中献，或绵羊（利3:6-11）或山羊，利3:12-17。关于各等的条例大致相同，却仍再三申述，为要表明我们当何等谨慎，使一切事奉皆照着所定的条例而行，并表明神何等喜悦这样行的事奉；同时也暗示我们何等需要「命上加命、令上加令」的训诲。