1
Exodus 34:1
英文原文
Hew thee - The former tables are called "the work of God;" compare Exodus 32:16.
The words - See Exodus 34:28.
6
Exodus 34:6
這是神的名字第二次向摩西啟示。第一次的啟示，是把耶和華啟示為那自有永有者，定意要以大能的手拯救祂的百姓（出三14）；這一次則是把同一位耶和華啟示為一位充滿愛的拯救者，如今正赦免他們的罪。標誌這兩次啟示的兩個觀念，撇開其歷史發展不談，已在第二誡中合併出現：在那裏，神的合一性是從其實踐的一面、即與人的本分之關係上顯明出來（參出三十四14；出二十4）。在誡命和本段中，神的愛都與神的公義相連；但在前者，為配合誡命的正當目的而作了次序的調換，公義居於愛之先。這嚴格說來是律法的安排，在禮儀律的完整體系中表露無遺：在其中，贖罪祭——作為承認公義對罪的判決——是在燔祭與平安祭之先獻上的。但在此處，真理以其本質的次序出現：耶和華報應的公義被置於、毋寧說被納入祂赦免的愛之中（見出三十二14註）。神的追討，無論採取何種形式，在每一個世代都是祂對兒女之愛的作為的展開。神性本體的種種不同方面——未重生的人心與一切異教都有將其分割的傾向——在主耶和華裏面完美和諧地合而為一；論到祂，這句話在一切的長闊高深上都是真實的：「神就是愛」（約壹四8）。正是對這一點的體會——按如今向他啟示的程度——使摩西伏地下拜（出三十四8）。但這和諧的完美啟示，要留待時候滿足之時，那時「從創世以來被殺之羔羊」（啟十三8）在肉身中向我們顯明，既作我們的拯救者，也作我們的審判者。
英文原文
This was the second revelation of the name of the God of Israel to Moses. The first revelation was of Yahweh as the self-existent One, who purposed to deliver His people with a mighty hand Exodus 3:14; this was of the same Yahweh as a loving Saviour who was now forgiving their sins. The two ideas that mark these revelations are found combined, apart from their historical development, in the second commandment, where the divine unity is shown on its practical side, in its relation to human obligations (compare Exodus 34:14; Exodus 20:4). Both in the commandment and in this passage, the divine love is associated with the divine justice; but in the former there is a transposition to serve the proper purpose of the commandments, and the justice stands before the love. This is strictly the legal arrangement, brought out in the completed system of the ceremonial law, in which the sin-offering, in acknowledgment of the sentence of justice against sin, was offered before the burnt-offering and the peace-offering. But in this place the truth appears in its essential order; the retributive justice of Yahweh is subordinated to, rather it is made a part of, His forgiving Love (see Exodus 32:14 note). The visitation of God, whatever form it may wear, is in all ages the working out purposes of Love toward His children. The diverse aspects of the divine nature, to separate which is the tendency of the unregenerate mind of man and of all paganism, are united in perfect harmony in the Lord Yahweh, of whom the saying is true in all its length and breadth, "God is love" 1 John 4:8. It was the sense of this, in the degree to which it was now revealed to him, that caused Moses to bow his head and worship Exodus 34:8. But the perfect revelation of the harmony was reserved for the fulness of time when "the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world" Revelation 13:8 was made known to us in the flesh as both our Saviour and our Judge.
9
Exodus 34:9
這種渴望得著確據的掙扎，就像人心在領受超乎所求所想的福時，常重複的那句話：「這是真的嗎？」
英文原文
This yearning struggle after assurance is like the often-repeated utterance of the heart, when it receives a blessing beyond its hopes, "can this be real?"
10
Exodus 34:10
「奇妙的事」（Marvels）——在下一節有所解釋。參 2Sa 7:23；Ps 77:14。
英文原文
Marvels - Explained in the following verse. Compare 2 Samuel 7:23; Psalm 77:14.
12
Exodus 34:12
這幾節所載的誡命，大部分在實質上與緊接十誡之後、記於「約書」中的某些誡命相同（Ex 20–23；見 Ex 24:7）。
英文原文
The precepts contained in these verses are, for the most part, identical in substance with some of those which follow the Ten Commandments and are recorded in "the Book of the covenant" (Exodus 20-23; see Exodus 24:7).
13
Exodus 34:13
砍下他們的木偶——這是聖經首次提及一般所謂的「木偶崇拜」。此處譯作「木偶」的原文字 אשׁרה 'ăšērāh，與 Genesis 21:33 中同樣譯法的字並不相同。我們的譯者以為，律法在此所命令的，是砍毀那些奉獻給假神崇拜的樹叢（Judges 6:25; 2 Kings 18:4）；但由於亞舍拉的崇拜總是與阿斯塔特（即亞斯他錄）的崇拜相提並論（Judges 2:13; Judges 10:6; 1 Samuel 7:4），因此亞斯他錄大概是那位女神的本名，而亞舍拉則是她的象徵物——大概按她某一方面的屬性，以木頭照某種慣常的形式製成。
英文原文
Cut down their groves - This is the first reference to what is commonly known as grove-worship. The original word for "grove" in this connection אשׁרה 'ăshêrāh is different from that so rendered in Genesis 21:33. Our translators supposed that what the law commands is the destruction of groves dedicated to the worship of false deities Judges 6:25; 2 Kings 18:4; but inasmuch as the worship of asherah is found associated with that of Astarte, or Ashtoreth Judges 2:13; Judges 10:6; 1 Samuel 7:4, it seems probable that while Astarte was the personal name of the goddess, the asherah was a symbol of her, probably in some one of her characters, made in wood in some conventional form.
15
Exodus 34:15
這是 Exodus 34:12 的引申。民族對耶和華之約的不忠，在此首次被說成婚姻之約的破裂。這比喻無論如何都是自然的，但若假定它暗指異教崇拜中種種可憎之事（如 Numbers 25:1-3 所述），其鋒芒便似乎更為鮮明。
英文原文
An expansion of Exodus 34:12. The unfaithfulness of the nation to its covenant with Yahweh is here for the first time spoken of as a breach of the marriage bond. The metaphor is, in any case, a natural one, but it seems to gain point, if we suppose it to convey an allusion to the abominations connected with pagan worship, such as are spoken of in Numbers 25:1-3.
21
Exodus 34:21
見 Exodus 20:9; Exodus 23:12。這裏在誡命之外，特別就一年中土地最需要勞作的時節加上告誡。古動詞「to ear」（即耕地）是地道的英語用詞。
英文原文
See Exodus 20:9; Exodus 23:12. There is here added to the commandment a particular caution respecting those times of year when the land calls for most labor. The old verb "to ear" (i. e. to plow) is genuine English.
24
Exodus 34:24
人也不可貪慕你的地土——這是要鼓勵那些或許懼怕遵守神律法、履行宗教本分會招致後果的人。比較 Proverbs 16:7。
英文原文
Neither shall any man desire etc. - Intended to encourage such as might fear the consequences of obeying the divine law in attending to their religious duties. Compare Proverbs 16:7.
28
Exodus 34:28
耶和華將這話寫上——即耶和華寫的（Exodus 34:1）。
英文原文
He wrote - i. e. Yahweh wrote Exodus 34:1.
29
Exodus 34:29
兩塊法版——比較 Exodus 31:18。
他的臉皮發光——比較 Matthew 17:2。那永恆榮耀的光輝，雖然摩西只是以遮蔽的方式觀看（Exodus 33:22-23），卻如此映照在他的臉上，以致亞倫和百姓都懾於敬畏，不敢就近他，直到他向他們說了安慰的話。
譯作「發光」的字與譯作「角」的字密切相關；因此拉丁譯本及其他一些譯本把這動詞譯作「長角」。摩西額上長角這一流行的形象，便是從這譯法而來，例如羅馬米開朗基羅的雕像。
英文原文
The two tables of testimony - Compare Exodus 31:18.
The skin of his face shone - Compare Matthew 17:2. The brightness of the Eternal Glory, though Moses had witnessed it only in a modified manner Exodus 33:22-23, was so reflected in his face, that Aaron and the people were stricken with awe, and feared to approach him until he gave them words of encouragement.
The word translated "shine" is closely connected with a word translated "horn"; and hence, the Latin version and others have rendered the verb "to be horned." From this rendering of the word has arisen the popular representation of Moses with horns on his forehead; e. g. in Michaelangelo's statue at Rome.
33
Exodus 34:33
保羅引用這段經文，說明律法雖有榮耀，卻只是「定罪的職事」，終必廢去，以襯托福音——「那靈的職事」——更大的榮耀；這福音沒有帕子遮蔽信徒的眼，並要存到永遠（2 Corinthians 3:7-15）。
Exodus 34:33
應補上「當」而非「直到」：摩西不是在對百姓說話時蒙上帕子，而是在沉默時才蒙上。見 Exodus 34:35。
英文原文
Paul refers to this passage as showing forth the glory of the law, though it was but a "ministration of condemnation," and was to be done away, in order to enhance the glory of the gospel, "the ministration of the spirit," which is concealed by no veil from the eyes of believers, and is to last forever 2 Corinthians 3:7-15.
Exodus 34:33
When rather than until should be supplied. Moses did not wear the veil when he was speaking to the people, but when he was silent. See Exodus 34:35.
34
Exodus 34:34
摩西進去——即進到相會之幕那裏。
英文原文
Moses went in - i. e. to the tent of meeting.
「你要鑿出」（Hew thee）——先前的石版被稱為「神的工作」；參出三十二16。
「這些話」（The words）——見出三十四28。