Genesis 第45章 · Barnes' Notes on the Bible · 註釋書

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Genesis 第 45 章

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Genesis 45:1

約瑟如今向弟兄們揭示了一件驚人的事實：站在他們面前的，正是他們失散多年的兄弟——他自己。「他情不自禁。」猶大把家中的情景描繪得栩栩如生，約瑟再也按捺不住了。「叫所有的人都離開我出去。」在弟兄之間這般毫無拘束地湧出柔情的時刻，讓外人在場是不合體面的。況且良心的翻動，會勾起對往事的回憶，以及那些如今已無可避免要略加提及的過錯——這些是不該暴露於大眾眼前的。「他放聲大哭。」在純樸而原始的社會狀態中，情感的抒發是自由而不受壓抑的。這情形在東方至今依然。「埃及人也聽見了。」約瑟家中那些埃及人會聽見這陣異乎尋常的深情抒發，並且告訴別人。「我是約瑟。」那熟悉的聲音、母語、久記不忘的面貌，會一齊撞擊弟兄們的知覺。

對己罪的記憶、約瑟絕對的權柄、以及報復的公義，都會湧上他們心頭。難怪他們在他面前驚惶失措，默然無語。「我父親還健在嗎？」這問話顯出約瑟的心在哪裏。他已屢次得到父親安好的保證。但久別與一片孺慕之心，又使這問題湧上來。這話對弟兄們也是寬慰，因為它與他們的過錯或刑罰全不相干。「上我這裏來。」約瑟看出弟兄們的不安，也洞悉其原因。他再一次對他們說話，並且明白提到他們把他賣了的事。他指出這事被神掌管，用以保全性命；因此，那滿懷憐憫把他差到埃及、為要存留他們所有人性命的，不是他們，而是神。「這兩年來。」由此可知，雅各的眾子頭一次得到的供應，足夠維持一年。「為要為你們在地上存留餘種。」

這話通常、也是最自然地，被理解為指他們族中存活的餘民。「作法老的父」——即作他生命的第二位創始者。他輕描淡寫地觸及他們的過犯，設法把他們的思念轉向整件事中所彰顯的神那奇妙的護理，末了又預先佔據他們的心思，使他們想到有責任、也有必要把父親和全家都帶下來，住在埃及。「在歌珊地。」這是位於埃及與亞拉伯邊界上的牧場，也許距尼羅河有段距離，如同他們自己的谷地一般，靠天上的雨水滋潤。隨後他訴諸他們的記憶與感官：自己豈不就是他們的兄弟約瑟嗎。「與你們說話的我這張口」——不是藉著通譯，而是親口，用他們的母語。作了這番必要而寬慰的解釋之後，他打破了一切隔閡，伏在便雅憫的頸項上與他親嘴，又對其他所有的弟兄也是如此；此後他們的心便得了安慰，就與他自由地交談起來。

英文原文

Joseph now reveals to his brothers the astonishing fact that he himself, their long-lost brother, stands before them. "He could not refrain himself." Judah has painted the scene at home to the life; and Joseph can hold out no longer. "Have every man out from me." Delicacy forbids the presence of strangers at this unrestrained outburst of tender emotion among the brothers. Besides, the workings of conscience, bringing up the recollections of the past, and the errors, to which some reference is now unavoidable, are not to be unveiled to the public eye. "He lifted up his voice in weeping." The expression of the feelings is free and uncontrolled in a simple and primitive state of society. This prevails still in the East. And Mizraim heard. The Egyptians of Joseph's house would hear, and report to others, this unusual utterance of deep feeling. "I am Joseph." The natural voice, the native tongue, the long-remembered features, would, all at once, strike the apprehension of the brothers.

The remembrance of their crime, the absolute power of Joseph, and the justice of revenge, would rush upon their minds. No wonder they were silent and troubled at his presence. "Is my father yet alive?" This question shows where Joseph's thoughts were. He had been repeatedly assured of his father's welfare. But the long absence and the yearning of a fond heart bring the question up again. It was reassuring to the brethren, as it was far away from any thought of their fault or their punishment. "Come near unto me." Joseph sees the trouble of his brothers, and discerns its cause. He addresses them a second time, and plainly refers to the fact of their having sold him. He points out that this was overruled of God to the saving of life; and, hence, that it was not they, but God who had mercifully sent him to Egypt to preserve all their lives. "For these two years." Hence, we perceive that the sons of Jacob obtained a supply, on the first occasion, which was sufficient for a year. "To leave to you a remnant in the land."

This is usually and most naturally referred to a surviving portion of their race. "Father to Pharaoh;" a second author of life to him. Having touched very slightly on their transgression, and endeavored to divert their thoughts to the wonderful providence of God displayed in the whole affair, he lastly preoccupies their minds with the duty and necessity of bringing down their father and all their families to dwell in Egypt. "In the land of Goshen." This was a pasture land on the borders of Egypt and Arabia, perhaps at some distance from the Nile, and watered by the showers of heaven, like their own valleys. He then appeals to their recollections and senses, whether he was not their very brother Joseph. "My mouth that speaketh unto you;" not by an interpreter, but with his own lips, and in their native tongue. Having made this needful and reassuring explanation, he breaks through all distance, and falls upon Benjamin's neck and kisses him, and all his other brothers; after which their hearts are soothed, and they speak freely with him.

Genesis 45:16

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約瑟的兄弟們來到的消息傳到了法老耳中，引出一份誠摯的邀請，請他們來埃及定居。「法老和他的臣僕都很喜歡。」他們因約瑟本人的緣故而極其尊重他；他又證明是出自可敬的家庭，並得以重遇至近的親屬，這些情形都使他們由衷感到欣慰。「埃及地的美物」——指那地所出產的美物。車輛——兩輪的車，適於在沒有修築道路的崎嶇鄉野行駛。「不要愛惜你們的家具」——即你們的房屋，或那些必須留在身後的家具物品。雅各家這樣來到埃及，不是憑征服，也不是憑購買，而是因著好客的邀請，作為自由而自主的訪客或定居者。他們來或不來既屬自由，住下或離開也同樣自由。

英文原文

The intelligence that Joseph's brethren are come reaches the ears of Pharaoh, and calls forth a cordial invitation to come and settle in Egypt. "It was good in the eyes of Pharaoh." They highly esteemed Joseph on his own account; and that he should prove to be a member of a respectable family, and have the pleasure of again meeting with his nearest relatives, were circumstances that afforded them a real gratification. "The good of the land of Mizraim." The good which it produces. Wagons; two-wheeled cars, fit for driving over the rough country, where roads were not formed. "Let not your eye care for your stuff;" your houses, or pieces of furniture which must be left behind. The family of Jacob thus come to Egypt, not by conquest or purchase, but by hospitable invitation, as free, independent visitors or settlers. As they were free to come or not, so were they free to stay or leave.

Genesis 45:21

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眾兄弟欣然接受法老的盛意邀請，著手安排行程所需的一切。「以色列的眾子」——包括約瑟在內，他在這安排中也有自己的一份角色。「法老的吩咐」——按他所授權的而行。「更換的衣服」——在盛大或喜樂之日替換穿的華美衣服。他給便雅憫特別的弟兄之愛的記號，這不再引起眾兄弟任何嫉妒，因為其合理性顯而易見。「相爭。」原文的字意為被任何情感所激動——無論是懼怕還是忿怒；解經者按他們對處境與上下文的領會各有解釋。英文譯本與七十士譯本的 ὀργίζεσθε orgizesthe 及昂克羅譯本（Onkelos）一致。這話也許指東方同伴之間慣常擾動和睦的小小火氣、急躁與爭執——他們有時行事像長不大的孩子。這樣的爆發常導致災難性的後果。約瑟的被賣，正是起因於弟兄之間細微的嫉妒。

英文原文

The brothers joyfully accept the hospitable invitation of Pharaoh, and set about the necessary arrangements for their journey. "The sons of Israel;" including Joseph, who had his own part to perform in the proposed arrangement. "At the mouth of Pharaoh;" as he had authorized him to do. "Changes of raiment;" fine raiment for change on a high or happy day. To Benjamin he gives special marks of fraternal affection, which no longer excite any jealous feeling among the brothers, as the reasonableness of them is obvious. "Fall out." The original word means to be stirred by any passion, whether fear or anger, and interpreters explain it as they conceive the circumstances and the context require. The English version corresponds with the Septuagint ὀργίζεσθε orgizesthe and with Onkelos. It refers, perhaps, to the little flashes of heat, impatience, and contention that are accustomed to disturb the harmony of companions in the East, who behave sometimes like overgrown children. Such ebullitions often lead to disastrous consequences. Joseph's exile arose from petty jealousies among brethren.

Genesis 45:25

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歸來的弟兄們把約瑟還在埃及、且居高位的事告訴他們的父親。年邁的先祖一時承受不住，終於醒悟過來，充分領會了這喜訊。「他心裏昏過去了」——心跳一時停止，顫動不已，往下沉。這消息太好，好得他不敢一下子就相信。但他們複述的約瑟的話、以及約瑟打來的車輛，終於使他確信這事必是真的。他滿足了。他唯一的念頭，就是在未死之前去見約瑟一面。二十二年的積愁如今得已抹去。

雅各下埃及

פלוּא pallû', Pallu（法勒），「尊貴的」。חצרן chetsrôn, Chetsron（希斯崙），出於「院」或「村」。כרמי karmı̂y, Karmi（迦米），「栽培葡萄園者」。
ימוּאל yemû'êl, Jemuel（耶母利），「以勒之日」。ימין yâmı̂yn, Jamin（雅憫），「右手」。אהד 'ôhad, Ohad（阿轄），「聯合」。יכין yâkı̂yn, Jakin（雅斤），「他必堅立」。צחר tsôchar, Tsochar（瑣轄），「潔白」。
גרשׁון gêreshôn, Gereshon（革順），「驅逐」。קהת qehâth, Qehath（哥轄），「聚集」。מררי merârı̂y, Merari（米拉利），「湧流、苦」。
חמוּל châmûl, Chamul（哈母勒），「被憐憫、蒙慈惠」。
תולע tôlâ‛, Tola'（陀拉），「蟲、朱紅」。פוּה pû'âh, Puvvah（普法），「口？」。יוב yôb, Job（約伯），「仇敵？」。שׂמרן śı̂mrôn, Shimron（伸侖），「守望」。
סרד sered, Sered（西倫），「懼怕」。אלון 'êlôn, Elon（以倫），「橡樹」。יחלאל yachle'êl, Jachleel（雅利），「以勒必患病或賜以盼望」。
צפיון tsı̂phyôn, Tsiphjon（洗非芸），「守望者」。חגי chaggı̂y, Chaggi（哈基），「節慶的」。שׁוּני shûnı̂y, Shuni（書尼），「安靜」。אצבון 'etsbôn, Etsbon（以斯本），「勞碌？」。ערי ‛êrı̂y, 'Eri（以利），「守望者」。ארודי 'ǎrôdı̂y, Arodi（亞羅底），「漂流者？」אראלי 'ar'êlı̂y, Areli（亞列利），「以勒之獅？」
ימנה yı̂mnâh, Jimnah（音拿），「昌盛」。ישׁוה yı̂shvâh, Jishvah（亦施瓦）, ישׁוי yı̂shvı̂y, Jishvi（亦施毗），「平坦、均平」。בריעה berı̂y‛âh, Beri'ah（比利亞），「在惡中」。שׂרח śerach, Serach（西拉），「溢流」。חבר cheber, Cheber（希別），「相交」。מלכיאל malkı̂y'êl Malkiel（瑪結），「以勒之王」
בלע bela‛, Bela'（比拉），「吞吃」。בכר beker, Beker（比結），「幼駱駝」。אשׁבל 'ashbêl Ashbel（亞實別），「矮短？」גרא gêrâ', Gerah（基拉），「一粒穀」。<נעמן na‛ămân, Na'aman（乃幔），「悅人」。אחי 'êchı̂y Echi（以希），「兄弟之情？」ראשׁ rô'sh, Rosh（羅實），「頭」。מפים mûppı̂ym, Muppim（母平）, חפים chûppı̂ym, Chuppim（戶平），「遮蓋」。ארד 'ard, Ard（亞勒），「逃亡者、漂流者」。
צשׁים chûshı̂ım, Chushim（戶伸），「急速」。
יחצאל yachtse'êl, Jachtseel（雅薛），「以勒必分」。גוּני gûnı̂y, Guni（沽尼），「染色」。יצר yêtser, Jetser（耶色），「形狀」。שׂלם śı̂llêm, Shillem（示冷），「報應」。

約瑟的第二個夢如今將要應驗。他的父親要向他下拜。他的母親已死；利亞大概也已去世。當夢的精義得著成就時，那藉以預表實事的表像也就應驗了。

英文原文

The returning brothers inform their father of the existence and elevation of Joseph in Egypt. The aged patriarch is overcome for the moment, but at length awakens to a full apprehension of the joyful news. His heart fainted; ceased to beat for a time, fluttered, sank within him. The news was too good for him to venture all at once to believe it. But the words of Joseph, which they recite, and the wagons which he had sent, at length lead to the conviction that it must be indeed true. He is satisfied. His only thought is to go and see Joseph before he dies. A sorrow of twenty-two years' standing has now been wiped away.

Jacob Goes Down to Egypt

פלוּא pallû', Pallu, "distinguished." חצרן chetsrôn, Chetsron, of the "court," or "village." כרמי karmı̂y, Karmi, "vine-dresser."
ימוּאל yemû'êl, Jemuel, "day of El." ימין yâmı̂yn, Jamin, "right hand." אהד 'ôhad, Ohad, "joining together." יכין yâkı̂yn, Jakin, "he shall establish." צחר tsôchar, Tsochar, "whiteness."
גרשׁון gêreshôn, Gereshon, "expelling." קהת qehâth, Qehath, "assembly." מררי merârı̂y, Merari, "flowing, bitter."
חמוּל châmûl, Chamul, "pitied, treated with mercy."
תולע tôlâ‛, Tola', "worm, scarlet." פוּה pû'âh, Puvvah, "mouth?" יוב yôb, Job, "enemy?" שׂמרן śı̂mrôn, Shimron, "watch."
סרד sered, Sered, "fear." אלון 'êlôn, Elon, "oak." יחלאל yachle'êl, Jachleel, "El shall sicken or inspire with hope."
צפיון tsı̂phyôn, Tsiphjon, "watcher." חגי chaggı̂y, Chaggi, "festive." שׁוּני shûnı̂y, Shuni, "quiet." אצבון 'etsbôn, Etsbon, "toiling?" ערי ‛êrı̂y, 'Eri, "watcher." ארודי 'ǎrôdı̂y, Arodi, rover? אראלי 'ar'êlı̂y, Areli, "lion of El?"
ימנה yı̂mnâh, Jimnah, "prosperity." ישׁוה yı̂shvâh, Jishvah, ישׁוי yı̂shvı̂y, Jishvi, "even, level." בריעה berı̂y‛âh, Beri'ah, "in evil." שׂרח śerach, Serach, "overflow." חבר cheber, Cheber, "fellowship." מלכיאל malkı̂y'êl Malkiel, "king of EL"
בלע bela‛, Bela', "devouring." בכר beker, Beker, "a young camel." אשׁבל 'ashbêl Ashbel, "short?" גרא gêrâ', Gerah, "a grain." <נעמן na‛ămân, Na'aman, "pleasant." אחי 'êchı̂y Echi, "brotherly?" ראשׁ rô'sh, Rosh, "head." מפים mûppı̂ym, Muppim, חפים chûppı̂ym, Chuppim, "covering." ארד 'ard, Ard, "fugitive, rover."
צשׁים chûshı̂ym, Chushim, "haste."
יחצאל yachtse'êl, Jachtseel, "El will divide." גוּני gûnı̂y, Guni, "dyed." יצר yêtser, Jetser, "form." שׂלם śı̂llêm, Shillem, "retribution."

The second dream of Joseph is now to receive its fulfillment. His father is to bow down before him. His mother is dead. It is probable that also Leah is deceased. The figure, by which the dream shadows forth the reality, is fulfilled, when the spirit of it receives its accomplishment.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible · Genesis 第45章