1
1Ch 19:1-5.
英文原文
1Ch 19:1-5.
DAVID'S MESSENGERS, SENT TO COMFORT HANUN, ARE DISGRACEFULLY TREATED.
1. after this--This phrase seems to indicate that the incident now to be related took place immediately, or soon after the wars described in the preceding chapter. But the chronological order is loosely observed, and the only just inference that can be drawn from the use of this phrase is, that some farther account is to be given of the wars against the Syrians.
Nahash the king of the children of Ammon died--There had subsisted a very friendly relation between David and him, begun during the exile of the former, and cemented, doubtless, by their common hostility to Saul.
3
無標題
3. 他的僕人豈不是到你這裏來窥察嗎？——意即，你的京城拉巴。
(2Sa 10:3)。
英文原文
3. are not his servants come unto thee for to search?--that is, thy capital, Rabbah
(2Sa 10:3).
4
無標題
4, 5. 將他們剃了——並非全剃，只剃了臉的一半。這樣對鬍鬚的侮辱，以及將衣服從腰以下割斷、暴露身體，乃是猶太人——與一切東方人一樣——所能遭受的最大羞辱。難怪這些人羞於露面；王也勸他們暫留在邊境隱居，等到羞辱的痕跡消退之後，才合宜地回到朝廷。
英文原文
4, 5. shaved them--not completely, but only the half of their face. This disrespect to the beard, and indecent exposure of their persons by their clothes being cut off from the girdle downwards, was the grossest indignity to which Jews, in common with all Orientals, could be subjected. No wonder that the men were ashamed to appear in public--that the king recommended them to remain in seclusion on the border till the mark of their disgrace had disappeared--and then they might, with propriety, return to the court.
6
1Ch 19:6-15.
1Ch 19:6-15.
約押與亞比篩勝過亞捫人。
6. 亞捫人知道大衛憎惡他們——以色列全地激起了一片共同的義憤之情，各階層的人都支持王決心要為希伯來民族所受這無端侮辱報仇。
哈嫩……送了一千他連得銀子——相當於三十四萬二千一百英鎊，用以招募外國的雇傭兵。
從米所波大米……瑪迦的亞蘭、並瑣巴雇了戰車和馬兵——米所波大米的軍隊並未在這次戰役中趕到
(1Ch 19:16)。
瑪迦的亞蘭位於約但河東以色列人地業之北，靠近基列。
瑣巴——（參
1Ch 18:3）。
英文原文
1Ch 19:6-15.
JOAB AND ABISHAI OVERCOME THE AMMONITES.
6. when the children of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David--One universal feeling of indignation was roused throughout Israel, and all classes supported the king in his determination to avenge this unprovoked insult on the Hebrew nation.
Hanun . . . sent a thousand talents of silver--a sum equal to £342,100, to procure the services of foreign mercenaries.
chariots and horsemen out of Mesopotamia . . . Syria-maachah, and . . . Zobah--The Mesopotamian troops did not arrive during this campaign
(1Ch 19:16).
Syria-maachah lay on the north of the possessions of the trans-jordanic Israelites, near Gilead.
Zobah--(see on
1Ch 18:3).
7
無標題
7. 於是他們雇了三萬二千輛戰車——希伯來文作「騎兵」，慣於在馬背上或戰車中作戰，有時也步行。若接受這譯法為正確，本節所記雇傭兵的數目，便與
2Sa 10:6
的記述完全吻合：兩萬人（來自亞蘭），一萬二千人（來自陀伯），合計三萬二千人，另有跟隨瑪迦王的一千人。
英文原文
7. So they hired thirty and two thousand chariots--Hebrew, "riders," or "cavalry," accustomed to fight either on horseback or in chariots, and occasionally on foot. Accepting this as the true rendering, the number of hired auxiliaries mentioned in this passage agrees exactly with the statement in
2Sa 10:6:
twenty thousand (from Syria), twelve thousand (from Tob), equal to thirty-two thousand, and one thousand with the king of Maachah.
8
無標題
8. 大衛……差遣約押和統率勇士的全軍——以色列的全軍，包括各大軍事編制，都投入了這場戰爭。
英文原文
8. David . . . sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men--All the forces of Israel, including the great military orders, were engaged in this war.
9
無標題
9-15. 亞捫人……在城門前擺列陣勢——即在米底巴城外，那是亞嫩河邊的一座邊城。
來的諸王都在田野裏——以色列軍隊既在前方被亞捫人、後方被亞蘭援軍夾擊，約押便決定攻擊後者（人數更多、更可怕的軍隊），同時派他的兄弟亞比篩率領一支合適的分隊攻擊亞捫人。約押在開戰前的訓話，顯出希伯來統帥當有的信心與敬虔。雇傭兵既被打敗，亞捫人的勇氣便消失了；於是他們逃跑，退守在堅固的城牆之內。
英文原文
9-15. children of Ammon . . . put the battle in array before the gate of the city--that is, outside the walls of Medeba, a frontier town on the Arnon.
the kings that were come were by themselves in the field--The Israelitish army being thus beset by the Ammonites in front, and by the Syrian auxiliaries behind, Joab resolved to attack the latter (the more numerous and formidable host), while he directed his brother Abishai, with a suitable detachment, to attack the Ammonites. Joab's address before the engagement displays the faith and piety that became a commander of the Hebrew people. The mercenaries being defeated, the courage of the Ammonites failed; so that, taking flight, they entrenched themselves within the fortified walls.
16
1Ch 19:16-19.
1Ch 19:16-19.
朔法被大衛所殺。
16. 亞蘭人見自己被以色列人殺敗——（參
2Sa 10:15-19）。
英文原文
1Ch 19:16-19.
SHOPHACH SLAIN BY DAVID.
16. And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel--(See on
2Sa 10:15-19).
18
無標題
18. 大衛殺了亞蘭人七千人——（參
2Sa 10:18，
那裏作七百輛戰車）。要麼兩卷書中有一卷的經文有誤〔KEIL, DAVIDSON〕，
要麼必須把兩處的記載合併，得出這樣的結果——七千馬兵、七千輛戰車、四萬步兵〔KENNICOTT, HOUBIGANT, CALMET〕。
英文原文
18. David slew of the Syrians seven thousand men--(Compare
2Sa 10:18,
which has seven hundred chariots). Either the text in one of the books is corrupt [KEIL, DAVIDSON], or the accounts must be combined, giving this result--seven thousand horsemen, seven thousand chariots, and forty thousand footmen [KENNICOTT, HOUBIGANT, CALMET].
1Ch 19:1-5.
大衛差遣使者去安慰哈嫩,卻遭凌辱
1. 此後——這一短語似乎表明,接下來所要敘述的事件,發生在前章所述戰爭之後不久。但此處對年代次序的遵循並不嚴格,從這一短語的用法所能得出的唯一合理推論是:尚要就對抗敘利亞人的戰事作進一步的記述。
亞捫人的王拿轄死了——大衛與他之間一直存有十分友好的關係,始於前者流亡之時,無疑因兩人同對掃羅懷有敵意而更加鞏固。