1
1Sa 17:1-3.
英文原文
1Sa 17:1-3.
THE ISRAELITES AND PHILISTINES BEING READY TO BATTLE.
1. the Philistines gathered together their armies--twenty-seven years after their overthrow at Michmash. Having now recovered their spirits and strength, they sought an opportunity of wiping out the infamy of that national disaster, as well as to regain their lost ascendency over Israel.
Shocoh--now Shuweikeh, a town in the western plains of Judah
(Jos 15:35),
nine Roman miles from Eleutheropolis, toward Jerusalem [ROBINSON].
Azekah--a small place in the neighborhood.
Ephes-dammim--or, "Pas-dammim"
(1Ch 11:13),
"the portion" or "effusion of blood," situated between the other two.
2
無標題
2. 以拉谷——即「篤耨香樹谷」，今日的Wady Er-Sumt[ROBINSON]。
稍北的另一個谷，如今稱為Wady Beit Hanina，歷代傳統以此為是。
英文原文
2. valley of Elah--that is, "the Terebinth," now Wady Er-Sumt [ROBINSON]. Another valley somewhat to the north, now called Wady Beit Hanina, has been fixed on by the tradition of ages.
4
1Sa 17:4-11.
撒上 17:4-11.
歌利亞挑戰交戰。
4-11節. 一個戰士. 希伯來文是「兩方之間的人」；即代表本國百姓，與敵軍中選出的勇士單打獨鬥以決定兩國之爭的人。
英文原文
1Sa 17:4-11.
GOLIATH CHALLENGES A COMBAT.
4-11. a champion--Hebrew, a "man between two"; that is, a person who, on the part of his own people, undertook to determine the national quarrel by engaging in single combat with a chosen warrior in the hostile army.
5
無標題
5節. 銅頭盔. 非利士人的頭盔看起來像冠冕或金屬箍上插著一排羽毛，其上附有同樣材料的鱗片，以保護頸項和臉的兩側[OSBORN]。
鎧甲. 是一種以皮革或金屬片縫綴的胸甲，僅及胸部，由肩帶支撐，使肩臂完全自由。
英文原文
5. helmet of brass--The Philistine helmet had the appearance of a row of feathers set in a tiara, or metal band, to which were attached scales of the same material, for the defense of the neck and the sides of the face [OSBORN].
a coat of mail--a kind of corslet, quilted with leather or plates of metal, reaching only to the chest, and supported by shoulder straps, leaving the shoulders and arms at full liberty.
6
無標題
6. 銅的脛甲——即戰靴，止於踝部，由一整塊金屬製成，但呈圓形以配合腿的形狀，內常襯以毛布或海綿。它們在保護腿部方面很有用，不僅防範敵人的尖刺，也在荊棘叢中開路時保護腿部。
銅的戛㦸——一個圓形的框架，背在背上，由一條長帶懸掛，從肩部斜挎胸前至腰間。
英文原文
6. greaves of brass--boots, terminating at the ankle, made in one plate of metal, but round to the shape of the leg, and often lined with felt or sponge. They were useful in guarding the legs, not only against the spikes of the enemy, but in making way among thorns and briers.
a target of brass--a circular frame, carried at the back, suspended by a long belt which crossed the breast from the shoulders to the loins.
7
無標題
7. 槍桿——長度不到五英尺，可用作標槍
(1Sa 19:10)。
它有鐵製的槍頭。
有一個拿盾牌的人在他前頭走——由於東方戰士的盔甲體積大且沉重，他有一個可信賴且技巧熟練的朋友，其職責是在大盾牌後方抵擋敵人的投射武器。他全身從頭到腳披著防禦性盔甲，卻只有兩件攻擊性武器——腰間的劍和手中的槍。
英文原文
7. staff of his spear--rather under five feet long, and capable of being used as a javelin
(1Sa 19:10).
It had an iron head.
one bearing a shield--In consequence of their great size and weight, the Oriental warrior had a trusty and skilful friend, whose office it was to bear the large shield behind which he avoided the missile weapons of the enemy. He was covered, cap-a-pie, with defensive armor, while he had only two offensive weapons--a sword by his side and a spear in his hand.
8
無標題
8-11. 我向以色列人的軍隊罵陣……給我一個人，讓我們戰鬥——在單挑的情形中，戰士通常走到自己陣營前方，向對方陣列推進，挑戰某人與他戰鬥。如果他可怕的容貌，或他在體力和英勇方面的盛名，使任何人不敢應戰，他就會走到敵陣聽得見的距離內，以大聲誇耀、吹嘘、挑釁的姿態自誇，挑釁他們，並以滔滔不絕的辱罵和傲慢來激起他們的怒氣。
英文原文
8-11. I defy the armies of Israel . . .; give me a man, that we may fight together--In cases of single combat, a warrior used to go out in front of his party, and advancing towards the opposite ranks, challenge someone to fight with him. If his formidable appearance, or great reputation for physical strength and heroism, deterred any from accepting the challenge, he used to parade himself within hearing of the enemy's lines, specify in a loud, boastful, bravado style, defying them, and pouring out torrents of abuse and insolence to provoke their resentment.
12
1Sa 17:12-58.
1Sa 17:12-58.
大衛接受挑戰並殺了他。
英文原文
1Sa 17:12-58.
DAVID ACCEPTS THE CHALLENGE, AND SLAYS HIM.
17
無標題
17. 你拿這一伊法烘了的穗子，這十個餅給你的哥哥們——在那個時代，戰役每次很少持續超過幾天。士兵是志願軍或民兵，他們的食物由在家鄉的親友不時地供應。
英文原文
17. Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched corn, and these ten loaves--In those times campaigns seldom lasted above a few days at a time. The soldiers were volunteers or militia, who were supplied with provisions from time to time by their friends at home.
18
無標題
18. 將這十塊奶餅送給千夫長——為了博取他的關注。東方的餅非常小；雖然它們常被做得像凝乳一樣軟，但大衛所帶的似乎是成形、壓過、並且乾得足以搬運的。
問他們好——士兵健康平安的憑據以方便的形式送回家中，如一綹頭髮、一片指甲或類似的東西。
英文原文
18. carry these ten cheeses to the captain--to enlist his kind attention. Oriental cheeses are very small; and although they are frequently made of so soft a consistence as to resemble curds, those which David carried seem to have been fully formed, pressed, and sufficiently dried to admit of their being carried.
take their pledge--Tokens of the soldiers' health and safety were sent home in the convenient form of a lock of their hair, or piece of their nail, or such like.
20
無標題
20. 大衛把羊交託一個看守的人——這是唯一一次將雇用的牧人與主人或其家人加以區分的情形。
營盤——某種微弱的營壘嘗試。它看來（見旁註）是由一排車輛或戰車所形成的，這從最早時候就是遊牧民族的做法。
英文原文
20. David left the sheep with a keeper--This is the only instance in which the hired shepherd is distinguished from the master or one of his family.
trench--some feeble attempt at a rampart. It appears (see Margin) to have been formed by a line of carts or chariots, which, from the earliest times, was the practice of nomad people.
22
無標題
22. 把行李交在看守行李的人手中——以便前往猶大的營旗所在之處。
英文原文
22. left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage--to make his way to the standard of Judah.
25
無標題
25. 使他父家在以色列中免納稅——他的家族可以免除以色列全體百姓所須承擔的賦役。
英文原文
25. make his father's house free in Israel--His family should be exempted from the impositions and services to which the general body of the Israelites were subjected.
34
無標題
34-36. 有獅子和熊——這是兩次不同的遭遇，因為這些動物都是單獨出沒的。熊必定是敘利亞熊，被認為是棕熊的一個獨特物種，或可能是一個變種。「揪住鬍鬚」只適用於獅子。這些壯舉似乎只是用田間粗陋的木杖和石頭，或他的牧杖來完成的。
英文原文
34-36. a lion, and a bear--There were two different rencontres, for those animals prowl alone. The bear must have been a Syrian bear, which is believed to be a distinct species, or perhaps a variety, of the brown bear. The beard applies to the lion alone. Those feats seem to have been performed with no weapons more effective than the rude staves and stones of the field, or his shepherd's crook.
37
無標題
37. 耶和華救我——一個少年人，尤其是東方的少年人，本可以炫耀自己的英勇。但大衛的敬虔使他完全不在乎自己的本事，而將那些成就的成功歸於神的幫助；他確信，在如此關乎祂百姓安全與尊嚴的事業中，神必不會不幫助他。
掃羅對大衛說：你去吧，耶和華與你同在——這位謙遜而勇敢的少年人敬虔的言語，感動了君王的心。他覺得這表明了以色列真正的軍事信心，因此毫不猶豫地批准了這場決鬥——儘管王國的命運繫於此戰，而他的代表者看起來又顯然不勝此任。
英文原文
37. The Lord that delivered me--It would have been natural for a youth, and especially an Oriental youth, to make a parade of his gallantry. But David's piety sank all consideration of his own prowess and ascribed the success of those achievements to the divine aid, which he felt assured would not be withheld from him in a cause which so intimately concerned the safety and honor of His people.
Saul said unto David, Go, and the Lord be with thee--The pious language of the modest but valiant youth impressed the monarch's heart. He felt that it indicated the true military confidence for Israel, and, therefore, made up his mind, without any demur, to sanction a combat on which the fate of his kingdom depended, and with a champion supporting his interests apparently so unequal to the task.
38
無標題
38, 39. 掃羅就把自己的戰衣給大衛穿上——古希伯來人格外注重戰士的人身安全，因此掃羅為這位少年勇士配上自己的防護裝備，自然是最好的款式。掃羅的鎖子甲或胸甲可能是一件寬鬆的衫子，否則不可能同時適合一個少年和一個身材魁梧如王的成年人。
英文原文
38, 39. Saul armed David with his armour--The ancient Hebrews were particularly attentive to the personal safety of their warriors, and hence Saul equipped the youthful champion with his own defensive accoutrements, which would be of the best style. It is probable that Saul's coat of mail, or corslet, was a loose shirt, otherwise it could not have fitted both a stripling and a man of the colossal stature of the king.
40
無標題
40. 溪——即乾涸的河谷（wady）。
囊——即用來裝日常食物的袋子。
甩石機弦——機弦由雙股繩索構成，一端有一個皮製的兜用來放置石頭。甩石者左手另握一塊石頭。大衛選了五塊石頭作為備用，以防第一塊不中。東方的牧人至今仍帶著機弦和石頭，用以驅趕或擊殺在羊群四周出沒的敵人。
英文原文
40. brook--wady.
bag--or scrip for containing his daily food.
sling--The sling consisted of a double rope with a thong, probably of leather, to receive the stone. The slinger held a second stone in his left hand. David chose five stones, as a reserve, in case the first should fail. Shepherds in the East carry a sling and stones still, for the purpose of driving away, or killing, the enemies that prowl about the flock.
42
無標題
42-47. 非利士人對大衛說……大衛對非利士人說——兩位勇士相遇時，通常各自發表演說，有時還背誦一些詩句，其中充滿了各種影射和最惡毒的稱呼，彼此拋擲蔑視和挑釁。這種辱罵式的對話在今日的阿拉伯鬥士中仍很常見。然而，大衛的話與這類謾罵的慣常腔調形成了鮮明的對比。他的話語充滿了敬虔的信靠，並將他所期待的勝利的一切榮耀都歸於神。
英文原文
42-47. the Philistine said . . . said David to the Philistine--When the two champions met, they generally made each of them a speech, and sometimes recited some verses, filled with allusions and epithets of the most opprobrious kind, hurling contempt and defiance at one another. This kind of abusive dialogue is common among the Arab combatants still. David's speech, however, presents a striking contrast to the usual strain of these invectives. It was full of pious trust, and to God he ascribed all the glory of the triumph he anticipated.
49
無標題
49. 打中非利士人的額頭——擊中在眼睛的開口處——這是他全身唯一暴露的部位。
英文原文
49. smote the Philistine in his forehead--At the opening for the eyes--that was the only exposed part of his body.
51
無標題
51. 割了他的頭——不是作為巨人已死的證據，因為他已經在全軍面前被擊殺，而是作為戰利品帶去給掃羅。在東方，被殺敵人的頭顱一直被視為最令人欣慰的勝利標記。
英文原文
51. cut off his head--not as an evidence of the giant's death, for his slaughter had been effected in presence of the whole army, but as a trophy to be borne to Saul. The heads of slain enemies are always regarded in the East as the most welcome tokens of victory.
52
無標題
52. 沙阿音——（見
Jos 15:36）。
英文原文
52. Shaaraim--(See
Jos 15:36).
54
無標題
54. 帳幕——即神聖的會幕。大衛將歌利亞的刀作為還願的祭物獻給耶和華。
英文原文
54. tent--the sacred tabernacle. David dedicated the sword of Goliath as a votive offering to the Lord.
55
無標題
55-58. 掃羅……對押尼珥說……這少年人是誰的兒子？——在許多東方國家，人們更多地用父親的名字而非本人的名字來稱呼一個年輕人。由於鬍鬚的生長以及其他變化，如今已長大成人的少年，使王認不出他曾經寵愛的樂手〔見 1Sa 16:23〕。
英文原文
55-58. Saul . . . said unto Abner . . . whose son is this youth?--A young man is more spoken of in many Eastern countries by his father's name than his own. The growth of the beard, and other changes on a now full-grown youth, prevented the king from recognizing his former favorite minstrel
[1Sa 16:23].
撒上17:1-3。
以色列人和非利士人預備交戰。
1. 非利士人聚集他們的軍隊——是他們在密抹潰敗之後二十七年。他們如今恢復了士氣和力量，尋求機會洗刷那次國難的恥辱，並重新奪回對以色列失去的控制權。
梭哥——即今日的Suweikeh，猶大西部平原的一座城
(Jos 15:35)，
距以勒陀城南九羅馬里，朝耶路撒冷方向[ROBINSON]。
亞西加——附近的一個小地方。
以弗大憫——又稱「巴斯大憫」
(1Ch 11:13)，
即「流血之分」或「流血之處」，位於前二者之間。