1
1Sa 18:1-4.
英文原文
1Sa 18:1-4.
JONATHAN LOVES DAVID.
1. the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David--They were nearly of an age. The prince had taken little interest in David as a minstrel; but his heroism and modest, manly bearing, his piety and high endowments, kindled the flame not of admiration only, but of affection, in the congenial mind of Jonathan.
2
無標題
2. 掃羅不容他再回父家——他被立為宮中的常駐居民。
英文原文
2. Saul would let him go no more home--He was established as a permanent resident at court.
3
無標題
3節. 約拿單與大衛立約. 這種兄弟之約在東方很常見。它們藉某些儀式並在見證人面前確立，立約之人發誓終生為兄弟。
英文原文
3. Then Jonathan and David made a covenant--Such covenants of brotherhood are frequent in the East. They are ratified by certain ceremonies, and in presence of witnesses, that the persons covenanting will be sworn brothers for life.
4
無標題
4節. 約拿單從身上脫下外袍，給了大衛. 在東方，接受君主或其長子兼繼承人「穿過」的衣物之任何部分，都被視為可賜給臣僕的「最高」榮譽
(見 Es 6:8 註釋)。 腰帶因與刀和弓相連，可視為軍裝的一部分，在東方極受重視。
英文原文
4. Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David--To receive any part of the dress which had been worn by a sovereign, or his eldest son and heir, is deemed, in the East, the highest honor which can be conferred on a subject (see on
Es 6:8).
The girdle, being connected with the sword and the bow, may be considered as being part of the military dress, and great value is attached to it in the East.
5
1Sa 18:5-9.
撒上 18:5-9.
掃羅嫉妒他的稱讚。
英文原文
1Sa 18:5-9.
SAUL ENVIES HIS PRAISE.
6
無標題
6. 以色列各城的婦女都出來——在追趕非利士人後凱旋歸來的途中。這是東方禮儀的一個典型特徵。當離別已久的親友歸來時，特別是得勝的軍隊歸來時，成群的婦女和兒童從城鎮鄉村湧出，組成勝利的遊行隊伍，慶祝勝利，並沿途以舞蹈、器樂和即興的歌唱來犒賞士兵，向那些因英勇事蹟而獲得最高殊榮的將領致敬。因此希伯來婦女只是按照慣例向大衛這位國家的拯救者致意，但她們在稱讚一個臣子的同時貶抑了她們的君主，犯了極大的不智。
英文原文
6. the women came out of all cities of Israel--in the homeward march from the pursuit of the Philistines. This is a characteristic trait of Oriental manners. On the return of friends long absent, and particularly on the return of a victorious army, bands of women and children issue from the towns and villages, to form a triumphal procession, to celebrate the victory, and, as they go along, to gratify the soldiers with dancing, instrumental music, and extempore songs, in honor of the generals who have earned the highest distinction by feats of gallantry. The Hebrew women, therefore, were merely paying the customary gratulations to David as the deliverer of their country, but they committed a great indiscretion by praising a subject at the expense of their sovereign.
9
無標題
9. 從那日起掃羛就怒視大衛——即帶著嫉妒、隱密而惡毒的恨意怒視。
英文原文
9. Saul eyed David--that is, invidiously, with secret and malignant hatred.
10
1Sa 18:10-12.
1Sa 18:10-12.
企圖殺他。
10. 次日，從神那裡來的惡魔臨到掃羛身上——這揮之不去的想法使他精神疾病的驟然發作。
他預言——這詞指一個受善靈或惡靈影響的人。此處用來表示掃羛處於狂亂狀態。大衛察覺了症狀，趕緊以豎琴柔和的琴聲來平息王心中風暴般的激動。但在其安撫的力量被感受到之前，掃羛就向這位年輕樂師的頭上擲了一枝標槍。
掃羛手裡拿著槍——若這導致致命的後果，這行為會被視為一個不負責任瘋子的作為。這樣的舉動不止一次地無效重複，掃羛逐漸對大衛產生了恐懼，認為他是在神特別的保護之下。
英文原文
1Sa 18:10-12.
SEEKS TO KILL HIM.
10. on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul--This rankling thought brought on a sudden paroxysm of his mental malady.
he prophesied--The term denotes one under the influence either of a good or a bad spirit. In the present it is used to express that Saul was in a frenzy. David, perceiving the symptoms, hastened, by the soothing strains of his harp, to allay the stormy agitation of the royal mind. But before its mollifying influence could be felt, Saul hurled a javelin at the head of the young musician.
there was a javelin in Saul's hand--Had it been followed by a fatal result, the deed would have been considered the act of an irresponsible maniac. It was repeated more than once ineffectually, and Saul became impressed with a dread of David as under the special protection of Providence.
13
1Sa 18:13-16.
1Sa 18:13-16.
因他的美好成功而懼怕他。
13. 因此掃羛使大衛離開自己——打發他離開朝廷，那裡的主要人物包括他自己的兒子，都被這年輕而敬虔的戰士所深深吸引。
立他作千夫長——給他一個軍事職位，本是打算作光榮的放逐。但這個職位反而只在公眾面前展現了他品格中非凡而多樣的品質，並使他在百姓的感情中獲得了更強的地位。
英文原文
1Sa 18:13-16.
FEARS HIM FOR HIS GOOD SUCCESS.
13. Therefore Saul removed him from him--sent him away from the court, where the principal persons, including his own son, were spellbound with admiration of the young and pious warrior.
made him captain over a thousand--gave him a military commission, which was intended to be an honorable exile. But this post of duty served only to draw out before the public the extraordinary and varied qualities of his character, and to give him a stronger hold of the people's affections.
17
1Sa 18:17-21.
1Sa 18:17-21.
他提出將女兒給他為妻作為網羅。
17. 掃羛對大衛說：我將大女兒米拉給你為妻——雖然他已經有此義務
[1Sa 17:25]，
卻覺得忘記從前的承諾更為方便。如今他將此作為新的提議提出，以引誘大衛進一步證明他的勇敢。但這反覆無常而背信的君王在婚禮即將舉行之時背棄了承諾，將米拉給了另一個人（見
2Sa 21:8
的註釋)；
這既是一種侮辱也是一種不義，必定深深傷害大衛的感情並激起他的憤怒。也許正是故意為之，以便利用他的不謹慎。但大衛蒙保守脫離了這網羅。
英文原文
1Sa 18:17-21.
HE OFFERS HIM HIS DAUGHTER FOR A SNARE.
17. Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife--Though bound to this already
[1Sa 17:25],
he had found it convenient to forget his former promise. He now holds it out as a new offer, which would tempt David to give additional proofs of his valor. But the fickle and perfidious monarch broke his pledge at the time when the marriage was on the eve of being celebrated, and bestowed Merab on another man (see on
2Sa 21:8);
an indignity as well as a wrong, which was calculated deeply to wound the feelings and provoke the resentment of David. Perhaps it was intended to do so, that advantage might be taken of his indiscretion. But David was preserved from this snare.
20
無標題
20. 掃羛的女兒米甲愛大衛——這必定是後來某個時候發生的事。
有人告訴掃羛，掃羛卻喜悅——不是因為對大衛有任何好感，而是他看到這事可以被用來推進他的惡意目的；當他藉著間諜巧妙的詭計和諂媚發現了大衛的忠誠之心時，更是如此。
英文原文
20. Michal Saul's daughter loved David--This must have happened some time after.
they told Saul, and the thing pleased him--Not from any favor to David, but he saw that it would be turned to the advancement of his malicious purposes, and the more so when, by the artful intrigues and flattery of his spies, the loyal sentiments of David were discovered.
25
無標題
25. 王不要甚麼聘禮——在東方國家，丈夫藉著禮物或勞役來購買妻子。由於大衛和他的家族都拿不出與公主相配的聘禮，王便暗示他樂意悅納他在公共事務中所行的某項英勇之舉。
一百個非利士人的陽皮——在古代戰爭中，對敵人屍體施加這樣的殘毀是常見的做法，數目的大小表明了勝利的榮耀。掃羅樂意悅納一項公共服務，顯得頗為慷慨，而他選擇如此艱難危險的任務，似乎只是恰當地估量了娶王女為妻的價值。但他將對大衛毫無原則的惡意隱藏在這個提議之下，而這個提議表面上卻展現出對神和割禮之約的熱心。
英文原文
25. The king desireth not any dowry--In Eastern countries the husband purchases his wife either by gifts or services. As neither David nor his family were in circumstances to give a suitable dowry for a princess, the king intimated that he would be graciously pleased to accept some gallant deed in the public service.
a hundred foreskins of the Philistines--Such mutilations on the bodies of their slain enemies were commonly practised in ancient war, and the number told indicated the glory of the victory. Saul's willingness to accept a public service had an air of liberality, while his choice of so difficult and hazardous a service seemed only putting a proper value on gaining the hand of a king's daughter. But he covered unprincipled malice against David under this proposal, which exhibited a zeal for God and the covenant of circumcision.
26
無標題
26. 日子還沒有到——成就這項壯舉的期限尚未屆滿。
英文原文
26. the days were not expired--The period within which this exploit was to be achieved was not exhausted.
27
無標題
27. 大衛……殺了二百個非利士人——數目加倍，一方面是為了表示他對公主的敬重和愛慕，另一方面是為了迫使掃羅履行他的承諾。
英文原文
27. David . . . slew of the Philistines two hundred men--The number was doubled, partly to show his respect and attachment to the princess, and partly to oblige Saul to the fulfilment of his pledge.
29
無標題
29. 掃羅就更怕大衛——因為神的護理明顯地恩待大衛，不僅挫敗了謀害他性命的陰謀，還藉著與王室的聯姻為他鋪平了通往王座的道路。
英文原文
29. Saul was yet the more afraid of David--because Providence had visibly favored him, by not only defeating the conspiracy against his life, but through his royal alliance paving his way to the throne.
撒上18:1-4。
約拿單愛大衛。
1. 約拿單的心與大衛的心深相契合——他們年紀相仿。王子原本對作樂師的大衛興趣不大；但他的英勇、謙遜而剛毅的風度、他的敬虔和卓越的天賦，在約拿單那與他相通的心靈中，點燃了不僅是欽佩、更是摯愛的火焰。