1
1Sa 22:1-8.
英文原文
1Sa 22:1-8.
DAVID'S KINDRED AND OTHERS RESORT TO HIM AT ADULLAM.
1. David . . . escaped to the cave Adullam--supposed to be that now called Deir-Dubban, a number of pits or underground vaults, some nearly square, and all about fifteen or twenty feet deep, with perpendicular sides, in the soft limestone or chalky rocks. They are on the borders of the Philistine plain at the base of the Judea mountains, six miles southwest from Beth-lehem, and well adapted for concealing a number of refugees.
his brethren and all his father's house . . . went down--to escape the effects of Saul's rage, which seems to have extended to all David's family. From Beth-lehem to Deir-Dubban it is, indeed, a descent all the way.
2
無標題
2. 凡受窘迫的——（見論
Jud 11:3)。
英文原文
2. every one that was in distress--(See on
Jud 11:3).
3
無標題
3節. 大衛從那裡往摩押的米斯巴去. 「米斯巴」意為「守望樓」，這裡顯然當取此義，因為它被稱為「保障」或要塞
(1Sa 22:4)。 摩押王是掃羅的仇敵
(1Sa 14:47)， 而路得的曾孫當然與耶西家有關。因此，大衛在這位君王的領土內尋求庇護所，比在亞吉的領土內更少憂慮，因為摩押人沒有理由對他懷報復之心，而他們對掃羅的敵意使他們更樂意接納從其宮廷來的如此顯赫的難民。
英文原文
3. David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab--"Mizpeh" signifies a watchtower, and it is evident that it must be taken in this sense here, for it is called "the hold" or fort
(1Sa 22:4).
The king of Moab was an enemy of Saul
(1Sa 14:47),
and the great-grandson of Ruth, of course, was related to the family of Jesse. David, therefore, had less anxiety in seeking an asylum within the dominions of this prince than those of Achish, because the Moabites had no grounds for entertaining vindictive feelings against him, and their enmity, to Saul rendered them the more willing to receive so illustrious a refugee from his court.
5
無標題
5. 先知迦得對大衛說：你不要住在山寨——這明智的勸告無疑是來自比迦得本人的智慧更高的源頭。他公開地出現在自己支派的人民中是對的，作為一個自覺無辜並信靠神的人；而且在掃羅死後，他的朋友們可能受鼓勵來支持他的事業，這也是合宜的。
哈列的樹林——在耶路撒冷的西南方。
英文原文
5. the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold--This sound advice, no doubt, came from a higher source than Gad's own sagacity. It was right to appear publicly among the people of his own tribe, as one conscious of innocence and trusting in God; and it was expedient that, on the death of Saul, his friends might be encouraged to support his interest.
forest of Hareth--southwest of Jerusalem.
6
無標題
6. 掃羅……在拉瑪的一棵樹下——字面作「在山上一個樹叢下」。東方君王常常在戶外某個遮蔭的棚下與朝臣同坐。槍是早期的王杖。
英文原文
6. Saul abode . . . under a tree in Ramah--literally, "under a grove on a hill." Oriental princes frequently sit with their court under some shady canopy in the open air. A spear was the early scepter.
7
無標題
7, 8. 便雅憫人哪，你們聽——這是為了激發他自己支派的愛國心或嫉妒心的呼籲，他暗示大衛有意將國度轉移給別的支派。這番話似乎是在聽到大衛帶著四百人回到猶大時所說的。王嫉妒的心中升起了一個陰暗的疑心：約拿單知道這個行動，而他害怕這是針對王位的陰謀。
英文原文
7, 8. Hear now, ye Benjamites--This was an appeal to stimulate the patriotism or jealousy of his own tribe, from which he insinuated it was the design of David to transfer the kingdom to another. This address seems to have been made on hearing of David's return with his four hundred men to Judah. A dark suspicion had risen in the jealous mind of the king that Jonathan was aware of this movement, which he dreaded as a conspiracy against the crown.
9
1Sa 22:9-16.
1Sa 22:9-16.
多益控告亞希米勒。
9. 多益……站在掃羛的僕人中——七十士譯本作「掃羛的騾子」。
英文原文
1Sa 22:9-16.
DOEG ACCUSES AHIMELECH.
9. Doeg . . . set over the servants--Septuagint, "the mules of Saul."
10
無標題
10. 他為他求問神——有人認為這是多益為了討好王而惡意虛構的，但亞希米勒似乎承認了這事實。這位心思單純的大祭司對掃羛與大衛之間現存的家庭恩怨一無所知。告密者即使知道，也沒有提到大衛用以取得亞希米勒幫助的狡猾詭計。事實看來對他不利，全體祭司連同他一起被宣告為叛亂的幫兇
[1Sa 22:16, 17]。
英文原文
10. he inquired of the Lord for him--Some suppose that this was a malicious fiction of Doeg to curry favor with the king, but Ahimelech seems to acknowledge the fact. The poor simple-minded high priest knew nothing of the existing family feud between Saul and David. The informer, if he knew it, said nothing of the cunning artifice by which David obtained the aid of Ahimelech. The facts looked against him, and the whole priesthood along with him were declared abettors of conspiracy
[1Sa 22:16, 17].
17
1Sa 22:17-19.
1Sa 22:17-19.
掃羛下令殺祭司。
17, 18. 左右侍立的臣僕——他的貼身護衛，或他的奔走者
(1Sa 8:11; 2Sa 15:1; 1Ki 1:5; 1Ki 14:28)，
他們在朝廷中佔有重要地位
(2Ch 12:10)。
但他們寧可違背王命，也不願得罪神——染手於祂事奉僕人的血。只有一個外邦人
(Ps 52:1-3)
被找到願意執行這血腥而褻瀆的判決。如此以利家的厄運便應驗了
[1Sa 2:30-36]。
英文原文
1Sa 22:17-19.
SAUL COMMANDS TO KILL THE PRIESTS.
17, 18. the footmen that stood about him--his bodyguard, or his runners
(1Sa 8:11; 2Sa 15:1; 1Ki 1:5; 1Ki 14:28),
who held an important place at court
(2Ch 12:10).
But they chose rather to disobey the king than to offend God by imbruing their hands in the blood of his ministering servants. A foreigner alone
(Ps 52:1-3)
could be found willing to be the executioner of this bloody and sacrilegious sentence. Thus was the doom of the house of Eli fulfilled
[1Sa 2:30-36].
19
無標題
19. 又用刀將祭司城挪伯中的男女、孩童、吃奶的，和牛、羊、驢盡行殺滅——對這城所行的野蠻暴行，似乎旨在恐嚇掃羛的所有臣民，使他們不敢援助或收容大衛。但這對掃羛自己的利益是毀滅性的，因為這使祭司們離心，並使國中一切善良的人厭惡。
英文原文
19. Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the sword--The barbarous atrocities perpetrated against this city seem to have been designed to terrify all the subjects of Saul from affording either aid or an asylum to David. But they proved ruinous to Saul's own interest, as they alienated the priesthood and disgusted all good men in the kingdom.
20
1Sa 22:20-23.
1Sa 22:20-23.
亞比亞他逃脫並跟隨大衛。
20-23. 亞希米勒的一個兒子……逃出來了——這就是亞比亞他，他到哈列的樹林中去見大衛，以自己的性命救出了大祭司的聖衣
(1Sa 23:6, 9)。
聽了他悲慘的敘述，大衛宣告他早恐懼多益的惡意和陰謀野心會導致如此致命的後果；大衛指控自己是亞比亞他一家一切災禍的起因，邀請他留下來，因為大衛堅定信靠神應許的成就，能保證他的安全。
英文原文
1Sa 22:20-23.
ABIATHAR ESCAPES AND FLEES AFTER DAVID.
20-23. one of the sons of Ahimelech . . . escaped--This was Abiathar, who repaired to David in the forest of Hareth, rescuing, with his own life, the high priest's vestments
(1Sa 23:6, 9).
On hearing his sad tale, David declared that he had dreaded such a fatal result from the malice and intriguing ambition of Doeg; and, accusing himself as having been the occasion of all the disaster to Abiathar's family, David invited him to remain, because, firmly trusting himself in the accomplishment of the divine promise, David could guarantee protection to him.
撒上22:1-8。
大衛的親屬和其他人投奔他在亞杜蘭。
1. 大衛……逃到亞杜蘭洞——推測即今日的Deir-Dubban，是一群坑穴或地下窟室，有些近乎方形，都約十五至二十英尺深，四壁垂直，開鑿在鬆軟的石灰岩或白堊岩中。它們位於猶大山地腳下的非利士平原邊緣，在伯利恆西南六英里，很適合藏匿一群逃難者。
他的弟兄和他父親的全家……都下到他那裏——為躲避掃羅怒氣的波及——這怒氣看來已延伸到大衛全家。從伯利恆到Deir-Dubban，的確一路都是下坡。