1
2Sa 24:1-9.
英文原文
2Sa 24:1-9.
DAVID NUMBERS THE PEOPLE.
1-4. again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah--"Again" carries us back to the former tokens of His wrath in the three years' famine
[2Sa 21:1].
God, though He cannot tempt any man
(Jas 1:13),
is frequently described in Scripture as doing what He merely permits to be done; and so, in this case, He permitted Satan to tempt David. Satan was the active mover, while God only withdrew His supporting grace, and the great tempter prevailed against the king. (See
Ex 7:13; 1Sa 26:19; 2Sa 16:10; Ps 105:25; Isa 7:17,
&c.). The order was given to Joab, who, though not generally restrained by religious scruples, did not fail to present, in strong terms (see on
1Ch 21:3),
the sin and danger of this measure. He used every argument to dissuade the king from his purpose. The sacred history has not mentioned the objections which he and other distinguished officers urged against it in the council of David. But it expressly states that they were all overruled by the inflexible resolution of the king.
5
無標題
5. 他們過了約旦河——這次人口統計先從希伯來王國的東部開始；約押似乎還帶著一支軍隊同行，或為協助這棘手的工作，或為震懾那些可能顯露抗拒或反對之色的百姓。
迦得河——用「乾河」一詞更妥。它全長約六十哩，夏季雖幾乎常常乾涸，卻有明顯被冬季湍急山洪沖刷過的痕跡（參見
申2:36）。
英文原文
5. they passed over Jordan--This census was taken first in the eastern parts of the Hebrew kingdom; and it would seem that Joab was accompanied by a military force, either to aid in this troublesome work, or to overawe the people who might display reluctance or opposition.
the river of Gad--"Wady" would be a better term. It extends over a course estimated at about sixty miles, which, though in summer almost constantly dry, exhibits very evident traces of being swept over by an impetuous torrent in winter (see
De 2:36).
6
無標題
6. 他替何希之地——即新近所得之地；也就是掃羅所征服的夏甲人之地
（代上5:10）。
他們的行程是向北推進。然後他們橫穿全境，沿西海岸南行直到國的南端，終於抵達耶路撒冷，歷時九個月零二十天，完成了全國的人口清點。
英文原文
6. the land of Tahtim-hodshi--that is, the land lately acquired; namely, that of the Hagarites conquered by Saul
(1Ch 5:10).
The progress was northward. Thence they crossed the country, and, proceeding along the western coast to the southern extremities of the country, they at length arrived in Jerusalem, having completed the enumeration of the whole kingdom in the space of nine months and twenty days.
9
無標題
9. 約押將百姓的數目奏告於王——這裡所述的數目，與
1Ch 21:5
相比，相差三十萬人。這差異只是表面的，很容易就可以解釋清楚；即（見
1Ch 27:1-15），有十二班將帥，按月輪值，職責是護衛王的安全，每班帶領二萬四千人的軍隊，合起來共組成二十八萬八千人的軍隊；另有分遣的一萬二千人，隨侍同一章所記十二支派的十二位首領，兩者合計正好三十萬人。這些人在本書中沒有被計算在內，因為他們作為常備民兵，實際正在王的事奉中服役。但
1Ch 21:5
將他們與其餘的人合在一起，說「以色列人共有一百一十萬」；而撒母耳記的作者只計算八十萬，並沒有說「以色列所有的人」，僅僅說「以色列人共有」云云。還必須注意，除了上述軍隊之外，在非利士人境地的邊界上還有一支駐防軍，共三萬人，見
2Sa 6:1；
這些人似乎被撒母耳記的作者計入猶大五十萬人的數目之內。但歷代志的作者只記四十七萬人，記的是那個支派不包括那三萬人的數目，因為他們並非全部屬於猶大支派，因此他不像論以色列時那樣說「猶大所有的人」，而是說「猶大人」。這樣兩處的記載就可以調和了〔DAVIDSON〕。
英文原文
9. Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people unto the king--The amount here stated, compared with
1Ch 21:5,
gives a difference of three hundred thousand. The discrepancy is only apparent, and admits of an easy reconciliation; thus (see
1Ch 27:1-15),
there were twelve divisions of generals, who commanded monthly, and whose duty was to keep guard on the royal person, each having a body of troops consisting of twenty-four thousand men, which, together, formed an army of two hundred eighty-eight thousand; and as a separate detachment of twelve thousand was attendant on the twelve princes of the twelve tribes mentioned in the same chapter, so both are equal to three hundred thousand. These were not reckoned in this book, because they were in the actual service of the king as a regular militia. But
1Ch 21:5
joins them to the rest, saying, "all those of Israel were one million, one hundred thousand"; whereas the author of Samuel, who reckons only the eight hundred thousand, does not say, "all those of Israel," but barely "and Israel were," &c. It must also be observed that, exclusive of the troops before mentioned, there was an army of observation on the frontiers of the Philistines' country, composed of thirty thousand men, as appears from
2Sa 6:1;
which, it seems, were included in the number of five hundred thousand of the people of Judah by the author of Samuel. But the author of Chronicles, who mentions only four hundred seventy thousand, gives the number of that tribe exclusive of those thirty thousand men, because they were not all of the tribe of Judah, and therefore he does not say, "all those of Judah," as he had said, "all those of Israel," but only, "and those of Judah." Thus both accounts may be reconciled [DAVIDSON].
10
2Sa 24:10-14.
2Sa 24:10-14.
迦得提出三樣災禍，他悔改並揀選三日瘟疫。
10-13. 大衛數點百姓以後，心中自責。大衛對耶和華說：我犯罪了——數點百姓這行動本身並非罪惡；因為摩西也曾照神的明確命令這樣做過。但大衛不但沒有這樣的命令或認可，而且動機並不相稱於神所膏立的以色列王；他出於驕傲和虛榮；出於自信和對神的不信；更重要的是，出於征服的野心，為了推進這野心，他決意強迫百姓服兵役，並要查明自己能否聚集一支足以勝任他所圖謀大事的軍隊。這違反了國家的體制，侵犯了百姓的自由，也違背了那要求以色列繼續作分別為聖之民的神聖國策。直到神藉著所差遣的先知向他說話以後，他才看清自己罪惡的嚴重性。
英文原文
2Sa 24:10-14.
HE, HAVING THREE PLAGUES PROPOUNDED BY GAD, REPENTS, AND CHOOSES THREE DAYS' PESTILENCE.
10-13. David's heart smote him after that he had numbered the people. And David said unto the Lord, I have sinned--The act of numbering the people was not in itself sinful; for Moses did it by the express authority of God. But David acted not only independently of such order or sanction, but from motives unworthy of the delegated king of Israel; from pride and vainglory; from self-confidence and distrust of God; and, above all, from ambitious designs of conquest, in furtherance of which he was determined to force the people into military service, and to ascertain whether he could muster an army sufficient for the magnitude of the enterprises he contemplated. It was a breach of the constitution, an infringement of the liberties of the people, and opposed to that divine policy which required that Israel should continue a separate people. His eyes were not opened to the heinousness of his sin till God had spoken unto him by His commissioned prophet.
13
無標題
13. 你願意有七年的饑荒臨到你——意即除了已經有的三年之外，連本年在內（見
1Ch 21:11 的註解）。
英文原文
13. Shall seven years of famine come unto thee--that is, in addition to the three that had been already, with the current year included (see on
1Ch 21:11).
14
無標題
14. 大衛說……我們情願落在耶和華的手裡——他因深切感到自己的罪，便順服了所宣告的刑罰，儘管那刑罰看來過於嚴厲。他揀選瘟疫，是出於一個好的原則。在瘟疫中，他與百姓一樣同樣暴露在危險之下——這正是他應當的；而在戰爭和饑荒中，他卻擁有比百姓更優越的保護手段。此外，他藉此也表明了他對神良善的信心——這信心是建立在長久經歷之上的。
英文原文
14. David said, . . . Let us fall now into the hand of the Lord--His overwhelming sense of his sin led him to acquiesce in the punishment denounced, notwithstanding its apparent excess of severity. He proceeded on a good principle in choosing the pestilence. In pestilence he was equally exposed, as it was just and right he should be, to danger as his people, whereas, in war and famine, he possessed means of protection superior to them. Besides, he thereby showed his trust, founded on long experience, in the divine goodness.
15
2Sa 24:15-25.
2Sa 24:15-25.
他向神代求，瘟疫止息。
15. 從早晨——更準確地說是從迦得來的那個早晨
[2Sa 24:18]，
直到三日完畢。
民中……死了七萬人——這樣，那信靠自己百姓人數的虛榮君王的驕傲，便受了深深的挫抑。
英文原文
2Sa 24:15-25.
HIS INTERCESSION TO GOD; THE PLAGUE CEASES.
15. from the morning--rather that morning when Gad came
[2Sa 24:18],
till the end of the three days.
there died of the people . . . seventy thousand men--Thus was the pride of the vainglorious monarch, confiding in the number of his population, deeply humbled.
16
無標題
16. 耶和華就後悔，不降這災——聖經中常描寫神「後悔」，意即祂停止了已經開始的作為。
英文原文
16. the Lord repented him of the evil--God is often described in Scripture as repenting when He ceased to pursue a course He had begun.
17
無標題
17. 大衛……說——或作「曾說」，
我犯了罪……但這些羊群作了什麼——數點百姓的罪完全是大衛一人的。但在政治有如身體，頭若受苦，所有的肢體也一同受苦；況且，雖然大衛的罪是直接原因，當時全國罪惡的大大增加，也已
(2Sa 24:1)
惹動了耶和華的怒氣。
英文原文
17. David . . . said--or, "had said,"
I have sinned . . . but these sheep, what have they done?--The guilt of numbering the people lay exclusively with David. But in the body politic as well as natural, when the head suffers, all the members suffer along with it; and, besides, although David's sin was the immediate cause, the great increase of national offenses at this time had
(2Sa 24:1)
kindled the anger of the Lord.
18
無標題
18. 亞勞拿——或作阿珥楠
(1Ch 21:18)，
是耶布斯人，即古時的居民之一；他歸信了真宗教之後，仍保留了自己的房屋和產業。他住在摩利亞山上，也就是後來聖殿建造之處
(2Ch 3:1)；
但那山當時還不在城內。
英文原文
18. Araunah--or Ornan
(1Ch 21:18),
the Jebusite, one of the ancient inhabitants, who, having become a convert to the true religion, retained his house and possessions. He resided on Mount Moriah, the spot on which the temple was afterwards built
(2Ch 3:1);
but that mount was not then enclosed in the town.
21
無標題
21. 為耶和華築一座壇，使瘟疫止住——瘟疫顯然是在壇築好、獻祭之後才止住的，所以
(2Sa 24:16)
所記的是預先的交代。在獻這祭之前，他已經看見了滅命的天使，也獻上了代求的禱告
(2Sa 24:17)。
這是一個贖罪祭；他之所以被允許在摩利亞山上獻祭，部分是出於神體恤他不敢前往基遍的顧慮
(1Ch 21:29, 30)，
部分也是預表日後會幕將遷移、聖殿將在那裡建造
(2Ch 3:1)。
英文原文
21. to build an altar unto the Lord, that the plague may be stayed--It is evident that the plague was not stayed till after the altar was built, and the sacrifice offered, so that what is related
(2Sa 24:16)
was by anticipation. Previous to the offering of this sacrifice, he had seen the destroying angel as well as offered the intercessory prayer
(2Sa 24:17).
This was a sacrifice of expiation; and the reason why he was allowed to offer it on Mount Moriah was partly in gracious consideration to his fear of repairing to Gibeon
(1Ch 21:29, 30),
and partly in anticipation of the removal of the tabernacle and the erection of the temple there
(2Ch 3:1).
23
無標題
23. 這一切都是亞勞拿如王者般奉給王的——意思是說，這人從前是外邦的王或首領，如今卻是歸信者，在耶路撒冷仍然擁有大量的產業和影響力；他的敬虔從他慷慨的奉獻中顯明出來。「如王者」幾個字，有人認為僅僅是「他以王者的慷慨來奉獻」之意。
英文原文
23. All these things did Araunah, as a king, give--Indicating, as the sense is, that this man had been anciently a heathen king or chief, but was now a proselyte who still retained great property and influence in Jerusalem, and whose piety was evinced by the liberality of his offers. The words, "as a king," are taken by some to signify simply, "he gave with royal munificence."
24
無標題
24. 不……我必……按著價值向你買——這裡所記的數目，即五十舍客勒銀子，合英幣六鎊，只是買了禾場、牛和木製器具；而
(1Ch 21:25)
所記的那一大筆款項，則是後來買下整座山的價錢——大衛在那山上為建造聖殿作了準備。
英文原文
24. Nay; . . . I will . . . buy it of thee at a price--The sum mentioned here, namely, fifty shekels of silver, equal £6 sterling, was paid for the floor, oxen and wood instruments only, whereas the large sum
(1Ch 21:25)
was paid afterwards for the whole hill, on which David made preparations for building the temple.
25
無標題
25. 大衛獻上燔祭和平安祭——似乎獻了兩次祭：第一次是贖罪祭，第二次是為瘟疫止息而獻的感恩祭（見
1Ch 21:26 的註解）。
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset、David Brown 著
《聖經全註釋》（1871）
增補、勘誤、心得請寄給編者
英文原文
25. David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings--There seem to have been two sacrifices; the first expiatory, the second a thanksgiving for the cessation of the pestilence (see on
1Ch 21:26).
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
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2Sa 24:1-9.
大衛數點百姓。
1-4. 耶和華又向以色列人發怒，就激動大衛，使他吩咐說，你去數點以色列和猶大人——「又」字把我們帶回到先前那三年饑荒中神怒氣的徵兆
［撒下21:1］。
神雖不能試探人
（雅1:13），
但聖經中常將祂僅僅所許可發生的事，描述為祂所行的；因此在此次事件中，祂許可撒但試探大衛。撒但是主動的推動者，而神只是撤回祂扶助的恩典，於是大試探者便勝過了這位王。（參見
出7:13； 撒上26:19； 撒下16:10； 詩105:25； 賽7:17
等。）這命令交給了約押；約押雖一般不受宗教良心的約束，卻仍以強烈的措辭（參見
代上21:3的註釋）
陳明此舉的罪與險。他用盡一切論據勸王打消此意。聖史並未記載他和其餘眾臣在王議會上對此所提的反對理由，但明言他們都被王剛愎的決定所壓倒。