1
2Sa 8:1, 2.
英文原文
2Sa 8:1, 2.
DAVID SUBDUES THE PHILISTINES, AND MAKES THE MOABITES TRIBUTARY.
1. David took Metheg-ammah out of the hand of the Philistines--that is, Gath and her suburban towns
(1Ch 18:1).
That town had been "a bridle" by which the Philistines kept the people of Judah in check. David used it now as a barrier to repress that restless enemy.
2
無標題
2. 又攻打摩押人，用繩量他們——這是東方君王所行的一樁慣例：他們吩咐那些戰俘，尤其是那些因罪行凶殘或因頑抗不屈而激起勝者怒火的人，伏在地上。然後從中定出一部分處死，其分法或由掣籤決定，但最常用的是用繩子量度。我們的譯本說他將三分之二處死，留下三分之一。《七十士譯本》和《武加大譯本》則說是一半。這戰爭的慣例，或許並非神的百姓所常行；但猶太學者認為，此次對這百姓之所以格外嚴厲，是因他們曾屠殺大衛的父母家屬——大衛在逃亡期間曾將他們託付給摩押王。
英文原文
2. he smote Moab, and measured them with a line--This refers to a well-known practice of Eastern kings, to command their prisoners of war, particularly those who, notorious for the atrocity of their crimes or distinguished by the indomitable spirit of their resistance, had greatly incensed the victors, to lie down on the ground. Then a certain portion of them, which was determined by lot, but most commonly by a measuring-line, were put to death. Our version makes him put two-thirds to death, and spare one-third. The Septuagint and Vulgate make one-half. This war usage was not, perhaps, usually practised by the people of God; but Jewish writers assert that the cause of this particular severity against this people was their having massacred David's parents and family, whom he had, during his exile, committed to the king of Moab.
3
2Sa 8:3-14.
2Sa 8:3-14.
他擊打哈大底謝和亞蘭人。
3. 鎖巴——
（代上18:3）。
這國的東界是幼發拉底河，從那河向西延伸，也許北至阿勒頗。它長久是敘利亞諸小國中的魁首，其王世襲「哈大底謝」或「哈大利謝」的稱號（「哈大」即「幫助」之意）。
他去要奪回自己的邊界，直到幼發拉底河——這是照神向以色列人所應許的，要將直到幼發拉底河之地都賜給他們
（創15:18； 民24:17）。
大衛在頭一次戰役中便徹底擊敗了哈大底謝。除大批步行的俘虜外，他還從對方擄獲了極多的車馬戰利品。他只留下其中少許，其餘的都砍斷蹄筋。馬匹之所以被如此殘毀，是因律法禁止希伯來人在戰爭和農耕上使用牠們，留著也無用。況且他們的鄰國多依賴騎兵，但因沒有本地品種而須購買得來，所以對這些仇敵所能造成的最大損害，就是使他們的馬在戰爭中失去作用。（另見
創46:6； 書11:6、9）。
大馬色敘利亞的王前來援助哈大底謝，但大衛也擊潰了這支援軍，佔領了他們的國土，在他們的設防城中駐軍，並使他們進貢。
英文原文
2Sa 8:3-14.
HE SMITES HADADEZER AND THE SYRIANS.
3. Zobah--
(1Ch 18:3).
This kingdom was bounded on the east by the Euphrates, and it extended westward from that river, perhaps as far north as Aleppo. It was long the chief among the petty kingdoms of Syria, and its king bore the hereditary title of "Hadadezer" or "Hadarezer" ("Hadad," that is, "helped").
as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates--in accordance with the promises God made to Israel that He would give them all the country as far as the Euphrates
(Ge 15:18; Nu 24:17).
In the first campaign David signally defeated Hadadezer. Besides a great number of foot prisoners, he took from him an immense amount of booty in chariots and horses. Reserving only a small number of the latter, he hamstrung the rest. The horses were thus mutilated because they were forbidden to the Hebrews, both in war and agriculture. So it was of no use to keep them. Besides, their neighbors placed much dependence on cavalry, but having, for want of a native breed, to procure them by purchase, the greatest damage that could be done to such enemies was to render their horses unserviceable in war. (See also
Ge 46:6; Jos 11:6, 9).
A king of Damascene-Syria came to Hadadezer's succor; but David routed those auxiliary forces also, took possession of their country, put garrisons into their fortified towns, and made them tributary.
9
無標題
9. 哈馬王陀烏——即敘利亞谷地；向北延伸到奧龍特斯河上的哈馬城，那城是該國的首都。這位亞蘭王子既脫離了一位危險鄰邦所帶來的恐懼，便差他兒子帶著貴重的禮物來見大衛，祝賀他的勝利，並請求與他結盟，求他保護。
英文原文
9. Toi king of Hamath--Cœle-Syria; northwards, it extended to the city Hamath on the Orontes, which was the capital of the country. The Syrian prince, being delivered from the dread of a dangerous neighbor, sent his son with valuable presents to David to congratulate him on his victories, and solicit his alliance and protection.
10
無標題
10. 約蘭——或作哈多蘭
(1Ch 18:10)。
英文原文
10. Joram--or Hadoram
(1Ch 18:10).
11
無標題
11. 大衛王將這些分別為聖獻給耶和華——東方君王一向習慣囤積大量的黃金。這是大衛一貫遵行的做法的頭一個例子：在支應開支和適當賞賜士兵之後，將戰爭中所得擄物的餘數保留下來，為他一生的大業——在耶路撒冷建造國家聖殿——而積蓄。
英文原文
11. Which also king David did dedicate unto the Lord--Eastern princes have always been accustomed to hoard up vast quantities of gold. This is the first instance of a practice uniformly followed by David of reserving, after defraying expenses and bestowing suitable rewards upon his soldiers, the remainder of the spoil taken in war, to accumulate for the grand project of his life--the erection of a national temple at Jerusalem.
13
無標題
13. 大衛從擊殺亞蘭人回來的時候，就得了名——七十士譯本不作「亞蘭人」，而作「以東人」，這才是正確的讀法，從
2Sa 8:14
可以明顯看出。這場由大衛軍隊取得的勝利，應歸功於亞比篩和約押的智勇。
(1Ch 18:12；
比較
詩 60:1
標題。)這谷就是鹽谷（Ghor），位於死海西南端，毗鄰鹽山，分隔了猶大和以東的古領土〔ROBINSON〕。
英文原文
13. David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians--Instead of Syrians, the Septuagint version reads "Edomites," which is the true reading, as is evident from
2Sa 8:14.
This conquest, made by the army of David, was due to the skilful generalship and gallantry of Abishai and Joab.
(1Ch 18:12;
compare
Ps 60:1,
title.) The valley was the ravine of salt (the Ghor), adjoining the Salt Mountain, at the southwestern extremity of the Dead Sea, separating the ancient territories of Judah and Edom [ROBINSON].
15
2Sa 8:15-18.
2Sa 8:15-18.
他的國政。
15. 大衛向眾民秉公行義——他雖然捲入對外的戰爭，在國內卻維持了優良的政府體制，當代最傑出的人物組成了他的內閣。
英文原文
2Sa 8:15-18.
HIS REIGN.
15. David executed judgment and justice unto all his people--Though involved in foreign wars, he maintained an excellent system of government at home, the most eminent men of the age composing his cabinet of ministers.
16
無標題
16. 約押……作元帥——這是憑著一個特別的應許
(2Sa 5:8)。
史官——即史官或逐日記事者，在東方各國這是一個極受信任、極為重要的職位。
英文原文
16. Joab . . . was over the host--by virtue of a special promise
(2Sa 5:8).
recorder--historiographer or daily annalist, an office of great trust and importance in Eastern countries.
17
無標題
17. 撒督……和亞希米勒……作祭司——在挪伯祭司被屠殺之後
[1Sa 22:19]，
掃羅將祭司之職賜給了以利亞撒家的撒督
(1Ch 6:50)，
而大衛則承認了逃到他這裡來的、以他瑪家的亞希米勒。兩位大祭司在各自依附的君王之下行使職務。但大衛得了全以色列的國之後，兩人都保留了尊位：亞希米勒在耶路撒冷任職，撒督在基遍任職
(1Ch 16:39)。
英文原文
17. Zadok . . . and Ahimelech . . . were the priests--On the massacre of the priests at Nob,
[1Sa 22:19],
Saul conferred the priesthood on Zadok, of the family of Eleazar
(1Ch 6:50),
while David acknowledged Ahimelech, of Ithamar's family, who fled to him. The two high priests exercised their office under the respective princes to whom they were attached. But, on David's obtaining the kingdom over all Israel, they both retained their dignity; Ahimelech officiating at Jerusalem, and Zadok at Gibeon
(1Ch 16:39).
18
無標題
18. 基利提人——即非利士人
(Zep 2:5)。
比利提人——來自比列
(1Ch 12:3)。
他們都是勇士，曾在大衛流亡非利士人之間隨侍左右，後來被立為大衛的護衛。
英文原文
18. Cherethites--that is, Philistines
(Zep 2:5).
Pelethites--from Pelet
(1Ch 12:3).
They were the valiant men who, having accompanied David during his exile among the Philistines, were made his bodyguard.
2Sa 8:1, 2.
大衛制伏非利士人，使摩押人進貢。
1. 大衛從非利士人手中奪取了瑪哈迦拉——即迦特及其郊野的城鎮
（代上18:1）。
那城原是「辔頭」，非利士人藉以轄制猶大人。如今大衛則用以作為屏障，遏制那個躁動不安的仇敵。