1
Ho 10:1-15.
英文原文
Ho 10:1-15.
ISRAEL'S IDOLATRY, THE SOURCE OF PERJURIES AND UNLAWFUL LEAGUES, SOON DESTINED TO BE THE RUIN OF THE STATE, THEIR KING AND THEIR IMAGES BEING ABOUT TO BE CARRIED OFF; A JUST CHASTISEMENT, THE REAPING CORRESPONDING TO THE SOWING.
The prophecy was uttered between Shalmaneser's first and second invasions of Israel. Compare
Ho 10:14;
also
Ho 10:6,
referring to Hoshea's calling So of Egypt to his aid; also
Ho 10:4, 13.
1. empty--stripped of its fruits [CALVIN],
(Na 2:2);
compelled to pay tribute to Pul
(2Ki 15:20).
MAURER translates, "A widespreading vine"; so the Septuagint. Compare
Ge 49:22; Ps 80:9-11; Eze 17:6.
bringeth forth fruit unto himself--not unto ME.
according to . . . multitude of . . . fruit . . . increased . . . altars--In proportion to the abundance of their prosperity, which called for fruit unto God (compare
Ro 6:22),
was the abundance of their idolatry
(Ho 8:4, 11).
2
無標題
2. heart . . . divided——
（1Ki 18:21； Mt 6:24； Jas 4:8）。
now——意即不久。
he——指耶和華。
break down——「砍下」，即砍下祭牲的頭。那些 砍下 祭牲之頭的祭壇，本身也必被砍下。
英文原文
2. heart . . . divided--
(1Ki 18:21; Mt 6:24; Jas 4:8).
now--that is, soon.
he--Jehovah.
break down--"cut off," namely the heads of the victims. Those altars, which were the scene of cutting off the victims' heads, shall be themselves cut off.
3
無標題
3. now，等等——他們既被剝奪了王，不久便要落到說：我們沒有王
（Ho 10:7, 15），
因為耶和華因我們不敬畏神而將王從我們中間奪去。那麼（既然神與我們為敵）我們即使有王，王又能為我們作甚麼呢？他們既拒絕那屬天的王，也就被奪去了那屬地之王。
英文原文
3. now, &c.--Soon they, deprived of their king, shall be reduced to say, We have no king
(Ho 10:7, 15),
for Jehovah deprived us of him, because of our not fearing God. What then (seeing God is against us) should a king be able to do for us, if we had one? As they rejected the heavenly King, they were deprived of their earthly king.
4
無標題
4. words——不過是空話。
swearing falsely in making a covenant——違背他們與撒縵以色所立的約
（2Ki 17:4），
又與梭立約，儘管與外人結盟本是禁止的。
judgment . . . as hemlock——意即神的審判必如毒草一般在溝中發生，又茂盛、又致命
（De 29:18； Am 5:7; 6:12）。
GESENIUS 譯作「罌粟」。GROTIUS 譯作「毒麥」。
英文原文
4. words--mere empty words.
swearing falsely in making a covenant--breaking their engagement to Shalmaneser
(2Ki 17:4),
and making a covenant with So, though covenants with foreigners were forbidden.
judgment . . . as hemlock--that is, divine judgment shall spring up as rank, and as deadly, as hemlock in the furrows
(De 29:18; Am 5:7; 6:12).
GESENIUS translates, "poppy." GROTIUS, "darnel."
5
無標題
5. fear because of the calves——意即要 為 牛犢懼怕。
Beth-aven——用以輕蔑地取代伯特利
（Ho 4:15）。
it——是 單數，指伯特利那 一隻 牛犢；其餘的「眾犢」（複數）是照其樣式造的。「Calves（眾犢）」在 希伯來文 中是 陰性，用以表達輕蔑。
priests——希伯來文 此字只用於 拜偶像的祭司
（2Ki 23:5； Zep 1:4），
其字根或指他們所穿「黑色衣袍」，或指「發聲」，即他們在聖禮中的哀號〔CALVIN〕。
that rejoiced on it——因它是他們得利的來源。MAURER 譯作「必因它而戰兢跳躍」；正如巴力的先知所作的
（1Ki 18:26）。
the glory thereof——指其裝飾與敬拜的華美。
英文原文
5. fear because of the calves--that is, shall fear for them.
Beth-aven--substituted for Beth-el in contempt
(Ho 4:15).
it--singular, the one in Beth-el; after the pattern of which the other "calves" (plural) were made. "Calves" in the Hebrew is feminine, to express contempt.
priests--The Hebrew is only used of idolatrous priests
(2Ki 23:5; Zep 1:4),
from a root meaning either "the black garment" in which they were attired; or, "to resound," referring to their howling cries in their sacred rites [CALVIN].
that rejoiced on it--because it was a source of gain to them. MAURER translates, "Shall leap in trepidation on account of it"; as Baal's priests did
(1Ki 18:26).
the glory thereof--the magnificence of its ornaments and its worship.
6
無標題
6. It . . . also——那牛犢不但不能拯救敬拜它的人免於被擄，自己反要被擄去；因此「以色列必因它慚愧」。
Jareb——（見
Ho 5:13
的註解）。
「獻給那（他們視為）保護者 的王為禮物」，或作 報復者，他們要平息其怒氣，即撒縵以色。各小邦以此稱號稱呼大王，視之為報復的保護者。
his own counsel——指那些牛犢，原是耶羅波安為使以色列脫離猶大而設的政治手段。如今他們與猶大及耶和華的分離，證明不是權宜之計，反倒成了他們致命的禍患。
英文原文
6. It . . . also--The calf, so far from saving its worshippers from deportation, itself shall be carried off; hence "Israel shall be ashamed" of it.
Jareb--(See on
Ho 5:13).
"A present to the king (whom they looked to as) their defender," or else avenger, whose wrath they wished to appease, namely, Shalmaneser. The minor states applied this title to the Great King, as the avenging Protector.
his own counsel--the calves, which Jeroboam set up as a stroke of policy to detach Israel from Judah. Their severance from Judah and Jehovah proved now to be not politic, but fatal to them.
7
無標題
7.
（Ho 10:3, 15）。
foam——指短暫的存在與迅速的消散。正如水上浮沫雖似高聳於水面，卻毫無實質；撒瑪利亞的王座也是如此。MAURER 譯作「木片」或 折斷的樹枝，不能抵擋水流。
英文原文
7.
(Ho 10:3, 15).
foam--denoting short-lived existence and speedy dissolution. As the foam, though seeming to be eminent raised on the top of the water, yet has no solidity, such is the throne of Samaria. MAURER translates, "a chip" or broken branch that cannot resist the current.
8
無標題
8. Aven——即伯特亞文。
the sin——意即罪的因由
（De 9:21； 1Ki 12:30）。
they shall say to . . . mountains, Cover us——那災禍必如此可怕，以致人情願死不願生
（Lu 23:30； Re 6:16; 9:6）。
他們那些設有拜偶像祭壇的山岡（是他們信心的來源之一，另一來源則是他們的「王」，
Ho 10:7），
非但不能幫助他們，反要被他們呼求來壓在自己身上。
英文原文
8. Aven--that is, Beth-aven.
the sin--that is, the occasion of sin
(De 9:21; 1Ki 12:30).
they shall say to . . . mountains, Cover us--So terrible shall be the calamity, that men shall prefer death to life
(Lu 23:30; Re 6:16; 9:6).
Those very hills on which were their idolatrous altars (one source of their confidence, as their "king,"
Ho 10:7,
was the other), so far from helping them, shall be called on by them to overwhelm them.
9
無標題
9. Gibeah——
（Ho 9:9； Jud 19:1-20:48）。
他們被特別提出來，作為全國的標本。
there they stood——以色列人正如當時當地那樣，從那時直到如今，一直在罪中 頑固不化〔CALVIN〕。或更妥當地譯作「他們站穩了」，意即當時並未滅亡〔MAURER〕。
the battle . . . did not overtake them——神當時雖然放過了你們，如今卻不再如此；不，那懲罰基比亞「罪惡之子」的戰爭，反要因你們持續不悔改而更重地臨到你們。他們當時雖「站住」，如今卻不再如此。從「thou（你）」改用「they（他們）」，表明神對他們的疏離；藉著使用第三人稱，他們與神之間被推得更遠。
英文原文
9. Gibeah--
(Ho 9:9; Jud 19:1-20:48).
They are singled out as a specimen of the whole nation.
there they stood--The Israelites have, as there and then, so ever since, persisted in their sin [CALVIN]. Or, better, "they stood their ground," that is, did not perish then [MAURER].
the battle . . . did not overtake them--Though God spared you then, He will not do so now; nay, the battle whereby God punished the Gibeonite "children of iniquity," shall the more heavily visit you for your continued impenitence. Though "they stood" then, it shall not be so now. The change from "thou" to "they" marks God's alienation from them; they are, by the use of the third person, put to a greater distance from God.
10
無標題
10. my desire . . . chastise——表達神 強烈的心意，要向罪彰顯祂的公義，因祂是無限聖潔的神
（De 28:63）。
the people——外來的侵掠者「必被聚集來攻擊他們」。
when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows——取喻於兩頭牛並肩在兩條相鄰的溝中耕地：照樣以色列人也聯合力量，共同抵禦一切危險，但這仍不能救他們免被我所滅〔CALVIN〕。 他們的「兩溝」或指他們 設立牛犢的兩處——他們倚靠的根基，即但與伯特利；或指國家的兩部分，以色列與猶大，「在他們的兩溝中」，即在他們各自的兩處居所；
Ho 10:11
特別提到這兩者，支持此說。HENDERSON 寧取 Keri（希伯來文 Margin〔旁註〕）「for their two iniquities（因他們的兩樣罪孽）」，並譯作「當他們被擄時」。英文譯本（English Version） 最佳，因這比喻在
Ho 10:11
中得以延續；不過也許更妥當的譯法是「the people（那民，即侵掠者）捆綁他們」，意即擄掠他們；如此
Ho 10:11
便暗指軛加在以法蓮與猶大的頸上。
英文原文
10. my desire . . . chastise--expressing God's strong inclination to vindicate His justice against sin, as being the infinitely holy God
(De 28:63).
the people--Foreign invaders "shall be gathered against them."
when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows--image from two oxen ploughing together side by side, in two contiguous furrows: so the Israelites shall join themselves, to unite their powers against all dangers, but it will not save them from My destroying them [CALVIN]. Their "two furrows" may refer to their two places of setting up the calves, their ground of confidence, Dan and Beth-el; or, the two divisions of the nation, Israel and Judah, "in their two furrows," that is, in their respective two places of habitation;
Ho 10:11,
which specifies the two, favors this view. HENDERSON prefers the Keri (Hebrew Margin) "for their two iniquities"; and translates, "when they are bound" in captivity. English Version is best, as the image is carried out in
Ho 10:11;
only it is perhaps better to translate, "the people (the invaders) binding them," that is, making them captives; and so
Ho 10:11
alludes to the yoke being put on the neck of Ephraim and Judah.
11
無標題
11. taught——意即習慣了。
loveth to tread out . . . corn——這比耕地容易得多，也更放縱自己。踹穀之時，牲畜並不在軛下被繫在一起，而是或單獨用腳踹，或拖著打穀撬
（Isa 28:27, 28）：
它們可以隨時吃一點穀，因律法規定不可籠住牠們的嘴
（De 25:4），
所以這差事使牠們長得肥壯。這是以色列從前自由、興盛與放縱自己的寫照。但如今神要把亞述的軛加在她身上，代替自由，使她服奴役的苦工。
I passed over upon——我把軛加在……之上。
make . . . to ride——如
Job 30:22；
意即 催 以法蓮 去 遠方〔CALVIN〕。LYRA 譯作「我要使（亞述人）騎在以法蓮身上」。MAURER 譯作「我要使以法蓮運載」，即如趕車的人。
his clods——「在他面前的土塊」。
英文原文
11. taught--that is, accustomed.
loveth to tread out . . . corn--a far easier and more self-indulgent work than ploughing. In treading corn, cattle were not bound together under a yoke, but either trod it singly with their feet, or drew a threshing sledge over it
(Isa 28:27, 28):
they were free to eat some of the corn from time to time, as the law required they should be unmuzzled
(De 25:4),
so that they grew fat in this work. An image of Israel's freedom, prosperity, and self-indulgence heretofore. But now God will put the Assyrian yoke upon her, instead of freedom, putting her to servile work.
I passed over upon--I put the yoke upon.
make . . . to ride--as in
Job 30:22;
that is, hurry Ephraim away to a distant region [CALVIN]. LYRA translates, "I will make (the Assyrian) to ride upon Ephraim." MAURER, "I will make Ephraim to carry," namely, a charioteer.
his clods--"the clods before him."
12
無標題
12. 延續
Ho 10:11
的比喻（Pr 11:18）。
行義，你們就必收割報酬；這報酬不是債務，而是恩典。
in mercy——按照神「mercy（憐憫）」的度量，祂在我們向鄰舍所施的 goodness（良善） 或「mercy（憐憫）」之外，再加上報答
（Lu 6:38）。
break . . . fallow ground——除掉你們的迷信與惡習，重新作人。
seek . . . Lord, fill he come——雖不立即蒙允，卻要不住地恆忍「直到 祂來」。
rain——如豐沛的陣雨降下。
righteousness——指義的賞賜，即 救恩，包括今世與屬靈的
（1Sa 26:23；
參
Joe 2:23）。
英文原文
12. Continuation of the image in
Ho 10:11
(Pr 11:18).
Act righteously and ye shall reap the reward; a reward not of debt, but of grace.
in mercy--according to the measure of the divine "mercy," which over and above repays the goodness or "mercy" which we show to our fellow man
(Lu 6:38).
break . . . fallow ground--Remove your superstitions and vices, and be renewed.
seek . . . Lord, fill he come--Though not answered immediately, persevere unceasingly "till He come."
rain--send down as a copious shower.
righteousness--the reward of righteousness, that is, salvation, temporal and spiritual
(1Sa 26:23;
compare
Joe 2:23
).
13
無標題
13. reaped iniquity——意即罪孽的 果子；正如「righteousness（義）」
（Ho 10:12）
是「義的 果子」
（Job 4:8； Pr 22:8； Ga 6:7, 8）。
lies——虛假與偽造的敬拜。
trust in thy way——指你乖僻的道路
（Isa 57:10； Jer 2:23），
即你敬拜假神。這是他們內在的倚靠，正如其外在的倚靠是「眾多勇士」。
英文原文
13. reaped iniquity--that is, the fruit of iniquity; as "righteousness"
(Ho 10:12)
is "the fruit of righteousness"
(Job 4:8; Pr 22:8; Ga 6:7, 8).
lies--false and spurious worship.
trust in thy way--thy perverse way
(Isa 57:10; Jer 2:23),
thy worship of false gods. This was their internal safeguard, as their external was "the multitude of their mighty men."
14
無標題
14. tumult——指喧嚷的戰爭。
among thy people——字面作「peoples（眾民）」：這戰爭將延及以色列全國，遍及各支派，並與她結盟的諸民。
Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel——即撒縵以色，這是一個複合名字，其中與另外三位亞述王共有的部分被省略了：提革拉毗列色、以撒哈頓、沙以色。正如耶哥尼雅被簡稱為哥尼雅。亞伯爾位於加利利的拿弗他利，在最靠近亞述的邊界上。撒縵以色頭一次入侵以色列之時
（2Ki 17:3），
便在此傾洩其最大的怒火。神以亞伯爾在那「日子（即那場戰役之時）」所遭遇、當時眾所周知、卻別處未提的厄運（參
2Ki 18:34），
來威脅以色列的堅固城。這事發生於希西家作位之初，證明何西阿的標題
（Ho 1:1）
是正確的。
英文原文
14. tumult--a tumultuous war.
among thy people--literally, "peoples": the war shall extend to the whole people of Israel, through all the tribes, and the peoples allied to her.
Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel--that is, Shalmaneser, a compound name, in which the part common to it and the names of three other Assyrian kings, is omitted; Tiglath-pileser, Esar-haddon, Shar-ezer. So Jeconiah is abbreviated to Coniah. Arbel was situated in Naphtali in Galilee, on the border nearest Assyria. Against it Shalmaneser, at his first invasion of Israel
(2Ki 17:3),
vented his chief rage. God threatens Israel's fortresses with the same fate as Arbel suffered "in the day (on the occasion) of the battle" then well-known, though not mentioned elsewhere (compare
2Ki 18:34).
This event, close on the reign of Hezekiah, shows the inscription of Hosea
(Ho 1:1)
to be correct.
15
無標題
15. So shall Beth-el do unto you——意即你們在伯特利所拜的牛犢，必使同樣的災禍臨到你們。
your great wickedness——字面作「你們罪惡的罪惡」。
in a morning——意即迅速，正如晨光被升起的日頭驅散一般快
（Ho 6:4; 13:3； Ps 30:5）。
king——指何細亞。
英文原文
15. So shall Beth-el do unto you--that is, Your idolatrous calf at Beth-el shall be the cause of a like calamity befalling you.
your great wickedness--literally, "the wickedness of your wickedness."
in a morning--that is, speedily, as quickly as the dawn is put to flight by the rising sun
(Ho 6:4; 13:3; Ps 30:5).
king--Hoshea.
Ho 10:1-15.
以色列的拜偶像，是起假誓與非法結盟的根源，不久必成為國家傾覆的緣由，他們的王和他們的偶像將要被擄去；這是公義的懲治，所收割的與所撒的相符。
這預言是在撒縵以色頭一次與第二次入侵以色列之間發出的。參
Ho 10:14；
又
Ho 10:6，
指何細亞向埃及的梭求援；又
Ho 10:4, 13。
1. empty——意即被剝奪了果子〔CALVIN〕，
（Na 2:2）；
被迫向普勒進貢
（2Ki 15:20）。
MAURER 譯作「一棵 蔓延的 葡萄樹」；七十士譯本 亦同。參
Ge 49:22； Ps 80:9-11； Eze 17:6。
bringeth forth fruit unto himself——不是為我結果子。
according to . . . multitude of . . . fruit . . . increased . . . altars——他們興盛的豐盛，本當為神結出果子（參
Ro 6:22），
而他們拜偶像的程度也隨之加增
（Ho 8:4, 11）。