1
Isa 30:1-32.
英文原文
Isa 30:1-32.
THE THIRTIETH THROUGH THIRTY-SECOND CHAPTERS REFER PROBABLY TO THE SUMMER OF 714 B.C., AS THE TWENTY-NINTH CHAPTER TO THE PASSOVER OF THAT YEAR.
Jewish ambassadors were now on their way to Egypt to seek aid against Assyria
(Isa 30:2-6, 15; 31:1).
Isaiah denounces this reliance on Egypt rather than on Jehovah. God had prohibited such alliances with heathen nations, and it was a leading part of Jewish polity that they should be a separate people
(Ex 23:32; De 7:2).
1. take counsel--rather, as
Isa 30:4, 6
imply, "execute counsels."
cover . . . covering--that is, wrap themselves in reliances disloyal towards Jehovah. "Cover" thus answers to "seek to hide deeply their counsel from the Lord"
(Isa 29:15).
But the Hebrew is literally, "who pour out libations"; as it was by these that leagues were made
(Ex 24:8; Zec 9:11),
translate, "who make a league."
not of--not suggested by My Spirit"
(Nu 27:21; Jos 9:14).
that they may add--The consequence is here spoken of as their intention, so reckless were they of sinning: one sin entails the commission of another
(De 29:19).
2
無標題
2. walk——正要起程，即他們的使節
(Isa 30:4).
Egypt——見
Isa 19:1;
Isa 20:1.
Pharaoh——埃及諸王的通稱，如羅馬的凱撒。此詞在埃及語中意為「王」[JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 8.6,2]。Phra——「太陽」——是王的象形符號與稱號。
shadow——取自遮蔭避暑的意象：保護
(Ps 121:5, 6).
英文原文
2. walk--are now setting out, namely, their ambassadors
(Isa 30:4).
Egypt--See on
Isa 19:1;
Isa 20:1.
Pharaoh--the generic name of the kings of Egypt, as Cæsar was at Rome. The word in Egyptian means "king" [JOSEPHUS, Antiquities, 8.6,2]. Phra, "the sun," was the hieroglyphic symbol and title of the king.
shadow--image from shelter against heat: protection
(Ps 121:5, 6).
3
無標題
3. shame——失望。埃及因內部分裂而削弱，無法提供實質的幫助。
英文原文
3. shame--disappointment. Egypt, weakened by its internal dissensions, can give no solid help.
4
無標題
4. his——猶大的（比較
Isa 9:21).
at Zoan——已抵達那裏，為其使命去見法老（見
Isa 19:11).
came to Hanes——已到了那裏。在尼羅河以西，埃及中部：埃及語 Hnes；希臘語 Heracleopolis；或許即 HERODOTUS（2.137）所載的 Anysis；按 GROTIUS，為 Tahpanhes 的縮寫
(Jer 43:7-9);
當時如瑣安一樣，是一位在位君王駐蹕之所，因此猶大使者分赴兩地。
英文原文
4. his--Judah's (compare
Isa 9:21).
at Zoan--are already arrived there on their errand to Pharaoh (see
Isa 19:11).
came to Hanes--are come there. West of the Nile, in central Egypt: Egyptian Hnes; the Greek Heracleopolis: perhaps the Anysis of HERODOTUS (2.137); according to GROTIUS, Tahpanhes contracted
(Jer 43:7-9);
the seat of a reigning prince at the time, as was Zoan, hence the Jewish ambassadors go to both.
5
無標題
5.
(Jer 2:36.)
6
無標題
6. burden——論及……的預言 [MAURER]；七十士譯本亦然，此處新標題著重標明隨後的預言。或不如說，以賽亞在異象中看見使臣的牲畜馱著豐厚的禮物向南行（即往埃及，
Da 11:5, 6），
便驚呼：牲畜上沉重的財寶擔子！云云
(Ho 8:9; 12:1).
land of trouble——巴勒斯坦與埃及之間的沙漠，無水且多危險動物
(De 8:15;
Jer 2:6).
flying serpent——
(Isa 14:29),
一種從樹上如鏃般撲向獵物的蛇。
will carry——不如作現在式「馱著」，即馱著獻給埃及的禮物
(1Ki 15:19).
young asses——不如作「成年驢」[MAURER]。
英文原文
6. burden--the prophecy as to, &c. [MAURER]; so the Septuagint, the fresh inscription here marks emphatically the prediction that follows. Or, rather, Isaiah sees in vision, the ambassador's beasts burdened with rich presents travelling southwards (namely, to Egypt,
Da 11:5, 6),
and exclaims, Oh, the burden of treasure on the beasts! &c.
(Ho 8:9; 12:1).
land of trouble--the desert between Palestine and Egypt, destitute of water and abounding in dangerous animals
(De 8:15; Jer 2:6).
flying serpent--
(Isa 14:29),
a species which springs like a dart from trees, on its prey.
will carry--rather, present, "carry," namely, as presents to Egypt
(1Ki 15:19).
young asses--rather, "full-grown asses" [MAURER].
7
無標題
7. 「埃及是虛空的，他們的幫助毫無用處」[G. V. SMITH]。
strength——希伯來文 Rabah，埃及的稱號
(Isa 51:9;
Ps 87:4),
暗示其驕傲的凶暴；譯作：「所以我稱她為坐而不動的狂傲。」她自誇所要給的幫助，到試驗之時卻坐而不動
(Isa 36:6).
英文譯本與
Isa 30:15;
Isa 7:4
一致。
英文原文
7. "Egypt is vanity, and to no purpose will they help" [G. V. SMITH].
strength--Hebrew, Rabah, a designation for Egypt
(Isa 51:9; Ps 87:4),
implying her haughty fierceness; translate, "Therefore I call her Arrogance that sitteth still." She who boasted of the help she would give, when it came to the test, sat still
(Isa 36:6).
English Version agrees with
Isa 30:15; Isa 7:4.
8
無標題
8. table——一塊版
(Hab 2:2)，
當設於公共之處，以較為簡潔的形式記載預言，供眾人閱讀。
a book——即一卷羊皮卷，詳盡記載預言，供遠方的後代使用。當事件發生以後，其真實性便會顯明。見
Isa 8:1；
Isa 8:16 註釋。
for ever and ever——宜讀作「為永遠的見證」 [迦勒底譯本、JEROME、LOWTH]：「見證」一詞常與永遠的觀念相連
(De 31:19, 21, 26)。
英文原文
8. table--a tablet
(Hab 2:2),
which should be set in public, containing the prophecy in a briefer form, to be read by all.
a book--namely, a parchment roll, containing the prophecy in full, for the use of distant posterity. Its truth will be seen hereafter when the event has come to pass. See on
Isa 8:1;
Isa 8:16.
for ever and ever--rather read, "For a testimony for ever" [Chaldee, JEROME, LOWTH]: "testimony is often joined to the notion of perpetuity
(De 31:19, 21, 26).
9
無標題
9. lying——對耶和華不忠，因他們既已作祂所收納的兒女，便負了祂的約
(Isa 59:13; Pr 30:9)。
英文原文
9. lying--unfaithful to Jehovah, whose covenant they had taken on them as His adopted children
(Isa 59:13; Pr 30:9).
10
無標題
10.
(Mic 2:6, 11; 3:5)。
See not——不要像你們現在那樣預言災禍。
Prophesy not . . . right things——不是他們公然如此要求，而是他們的行為實際上表達了這點。沒有人明說願意受欺騙；但許多人尋求一種是欺騙的教導；而他們若肯查究，本可知道那是欺騙
(1Ki 22:13)。
猶太人渴望先知預言他們與埃及結盟的結果是順利，雖然神的先知已宣布那結果將是災禍；這就構成了「欺騙」。
英文原文
10.
(Mic 2:6, 11; 3:5).
See not--as you now do, foretelling misfortune.
Prophesy not . . . right things--Not that they avowedly requested this, but their conduct virtually expressed it. No man, professedly, wished to be deceived; but many seek a kind of teaching which is deceit; and which, if they would examine, they might know to be such
(1Ki 22:13).
The Jews desired success to be foretold as the issue of their league with Egypt, though ill had been announced by God's prophet as the result; this constituted the "deceits."
11
無標題
11. 離開真「道」（如
Ac 19:9, 23）
就是宗教。
cause . . . to cease——讓我們不再聽見祂的名。神的聖潔最使罪人不安。
英文原文
11. Depart from the true "way" (so in
Ac 19:9, 23)
of religion.
cause . . . to cease--Let us hear no more of His name. God's holiness is what troubles sinners most.
12
無標題
12. Holy One——以賽亞絲毫不順從他們邪惡的偏見，反而重複他們所不喜悅的同一個名稱與真理。
this word——以賽亞勸人倚靠耶和華的話。
oppression——他們藉此勒索財寶，送去討好埃及
(Isa 30:6)。
perverseness——倚靠埃及而不倚靠耶和華。
英文原文
12. Holy One--Isaiah so little yields to their wicked prejudices that he repeats the very name and truth which they disliked.
this word--Isaiah's exhortation to reliance on Jehovah.
oppression--whereby they levied the treasures to be sent to conciliate Egypt
(Isa 30:6).
perverseness--in relying on Egypt, rather than on Jehovah.
13
無標題
13. 取自牆壁凸起之處的比喻
（詩 62:3）；
當凸起之處倒塌時，整堵牆壁隨之傾覆；他們倚靠埃及的政策也是如此。
英文原文
13. Image from a curve swelling out in a wall
(Ps 62:3);
when the former gives way, it causes the downfall of the whole wall; so their policy as to Egypt.
14
無標題
14. 他——仇敵；或更宜指神
（詩 2:9； 耶 19:11）。
它——猶太國。
窯匠的器皿——瓦器般脆弱。
瓦片——器皿的碎片，大到足以從中取火炭等。
池——蓄水池或水池。牆壁的凸起最初是不覺察地漸進的，但最終達到崩塌的關頭；猶太國的衰敗也是如此。
英文原文
14. he--the enemy; or rather, God
(Ps 2:9; Jer 19:11).
It--the Jewish state.
potter's vessel--earthen and fragile.
sherd--a fragment of the vessel large enough to take up a live coal, &c.
pit--cistern or pool. The swell of the wall is at first imperceptible and gradual, but at last it comes to the crisis; so the decay of the Jewish state.
15
無標題
15. 歸回與安息——從你們出使埃及的使命中回轉，並停止備戰。
平靜安穩——對應「等候祂（神）」
（賽 30:18）。
英文原文
15. returning and rest--turning back from your embassy to Egypt, and ceasing from warlike preparations.
quietness--answering to "wait for Him (God)"
(Isa 30:18).
16
無標題
16. 奔逃——不是如逃兵，而是我們要加速前進；即靠埃及供應的騎兵抵擋亞述人
（賽 31:1）。
這明顯違背摩西律法
（申 17:16；
參
賽 2:7；
何 14:3）。
要逃跑——希伯來文作「在你們仇敵面前」；他們的罪與其刑罰相對應。
英文原文
16. flee--not as fugitives, but we will speed our course; namely, against the Assyrians, by the help of cavalry supplied by Egypt
(Isa 31:1).
This was expressly against the Mosaic law
(De 17:16;
see on
Isa 2:7;
Ho 14:3).
shall . . . flee--literally, "before your enemies"; their sin and its punishment correspond.
17
無標題
17. 一千——一千人同時，或「如一人」
〔MAURER〕。
斥責——戰吼。
你們必——在五人的斥責下，你們即所有的人（與「一千」相對）將逃亡得如此徹底，甚至兩個也不能留在一起，各人將如孤獨的「記號杆」
〔G. V. SMITH〕，或「山上的旗幟」
（賽 5:26，11:12）。
記號杆是在戰時豎立以召集國民的。留下的猶太餘民將成為記號，警告萬人關於神的公義和祂威嚇的真實。GESENIUS（從
利 26:8； 申 32:30）
武斷地插入「一萬」。「因五人的斥責，你們中的一萬將逃跑。」
英文原文
17. One thousand--A thousand at once, or, "As one man" [MAURER].
rebuke--the battle cry.
shall ye--at the rebuke of five shall ye, namely, all (in contrast to the "one thousand") flee so utterly that even two shall not be left together, but each one shall be as solitary "as a signal staff" [G. V. SMITH], or "a banner on a hill"
(Isa 5:26; 11:12).
The signal staff was erected to rally a nation in war. The remnant of Jews left would be beacons to warn all men of the justice of God, and the truth of His threatenings. GESENIUS (from
Le 26:8; De 32:30)
arbitrarily inserts "ten thousand." "At the rebuke of five shall ten thousand of you flee."
18
無標題
18. 所以——因你們邪惡的悖逆
（賽 30:1、2、9、15、16），
耶和華要延遲施恩〔HORSLEY〕。宜作在刑罰上等候或延遲，給你們悔改的時間
（賽 30:13、14、17）
〔MAURER〕。或作「然而所以」（即因前幾節所述的困境；那困境將引導猶太人悔改，耶和華便憐憫他們）
〔GESENIUS〕。
被高舉——人對神的憐憫將有更崇高的看法；或作「祂要起來憐憫你們」
〔G. V. SMITH〕。
或（如 MAURER 取前句「所以耶和華必延遲」刑罰你們，「為要恩待你們」若你們悔改），祂必從你們遠遠地（如
詩 10:5，
遠在視線之外）；即祂不會立刻降臨刑罰，「為要憐恤」等。
公平——公正；對祂聖約的信實。
等候——參
賽 30:15，
等候，即等候祂施憐憫的時候。
英文原文
18. therefore--on account of your wicked perverseness
(Isa 30:1, 2, 9, 15, 16),
Jehovah will delay to be gracious [HORSLEY]. Rather, wait or delay in punishing, to give you time for repentance
(Isa 30:13, 14, 17)
[MAURER]. Or, "Yet therefore" (namely, because of the distress spoken of in the previous verses; that distress will lead the Jews to repentance, and so Jehovah will pity them) [GESENIUS].
be exalted--Men will have more elevated views of God's mercy; or else, "He will rise up to pity you" [G. V. SMITH]. Or (taking the previous clause as MAURER, "Therefore Jehovah will delay" in punishing you, "in order that He may be gracious to you," if ye repent), He will be far removed from you (so in
Ps 10:5,
far above out sight); that is, He will not immediately descend to punish, "in order that He may have mercy," &c.
judgment--justice; faithfulness to His covenant.
wait--compare
Isa 30:15,
wait, namely, for His times of having mercy.
19
無標題
19.
（賽 65:9）。
從巴比倫的復興只預表預言的完全應驗
（賽 30:18-33）。
不再哭泣——
（賽 25:8）。
你的呼求——
（賽 26:8、9； 耶 29:12-14）。
英文原文
19.
(Isa 65:9).
The restoration from Babylon only typifies the full accomplishment of the prophecy
(Isa 30:18-33).
weep no more--
(Isa 25:8).
thy cry--
(Isa 26:8, 9; Jer 29:12-14).
20
無標題
20. 宜作「耶和華必賜」；原文中並無「雖然」一詞。
艱難之餅——祂必不在你們的患難中拒絕足夠養生的食物
(王上 22:27；詩 127:2)。
撤去——宜作「隱藏自己」；他們必不再被迫因逼迫而隱藏，反要公開受人敬重〔MAURER〕。可與
詩 74:9；摩 8:11
相對照。
英文原文
20. Rather, "The Lord will give"; the "though" is not in the original.
bread of adversity--He will not deny you food enough to save you in your adversity
(1Ki 22:27; Ps 127:2).
be removed--rather, "hide themselves"; they shall no more be forced to hide themselves from persecution, but shall be openly received with reverence [MAURER]. Contrast with this
Ps 74:9; Am 8:11.
21
無標題
21. 話——即良心，為聖靈所引導
(約 16:13)。
英文原文
21. word--conscience, guided by the Holy Spirit
(Joh 16:13).
22
無標題
22. 偶像的……遮蓋物——宜作「（以木頭或陶土製成、）以銀包裹的偶像」。希西家及隨後的約西亞污穢了它們
(王下 23:8, 10, 14, 16； 代下 31:1；
參見
賽 2:20； 申 7:25)。
英文原文
22. covering of . . . images--rather, "images" (formed of wood or potter's clay, and) "covered with silver." Hezekiah, and afterwards Josiah, defiled them
(2Ki 23:8, 10, 14, 16; 2Ch 31:1;
compare
Isa 2:20; De 7:25).
23
無標題
23. 雨——宜作「為你的種子」。物質的繁榮伴隨國家的敬虔；尤其是在舊約時代。早雨在十月或十一月播種後不久降下；晚雨在春季穀物成熟前降下。兩者都是豐收所必需的。
出產——即農作物。
肥美——用最好的小麥麵粉做的餅（參見
創 49:20； 申 32:14)。
英文原文
23. rain of--rather, "for thy seed." Physical prosperity accompanies national piety; especially under the Old Testament. The early rain fell soon after the seed was sown in October or November; the latter rain in the spring, before the ripening of the corn. Both were needed for a good harvest.
increase--the produce.
fat--bread made of the best wheat flour (compare
Ge 49:20; De 32:14).
24
無標題
24. 耳——即耕地。驢與牛一樣用於耕作
(申 22:10)。
潔淨——宜作加了鹽的飼料〔GESENIUS〕。亞拉伯諺語說：「甜飼料對駱駝如餅——加鹽的飼料如甜點。」連牲畜也將共享將來的福樂。或作充分發酵的混合飼料，即由多種物質混合而成的飼料：穀物、豆類、野豌豆、乾草與鹽。
揚淨——不像通常在未與糠秕分離之前就餵給牲畜；穀物將如此豐盛，以至揚淨之後才餵。
鏟子——用以將穀物揚到風中使之與糠秕分離的工具。
簸箕——揚穀的器具。
英文原文
24. ear--that is, till. Asses were employed in tillage, as well as oxen
(De 22:10).
clean--rather, salted provender [GESENIUS]. The Arab proverb is, "Sweet provender is as bread to camels--salted provender as confectionery." The very cattle shall share the coming felicity. Or else, well-fermented maslin, that is, provender formed of a mixture of various substances: grain, beans, vetches, hay, and salt.
winnowed--not as it is usually given to cattle before it is separated from the chaff; the grain shall be so abundant that it shall be given winnowed.
shovel--by which the grain was thrown up in the wind to separate it from the chaff.
fan--an instrument for winnowing.
25
無標題
25. 到那日，連向來貧瘠的山嶺也必得著充足的水源
(賽 44:3)。
那日等——即當猶太人中不順從的人被殺之時，如
賽 30:16
所預言的：「高臺」指強人
(賽 2:15)。
或者指亞述西拿基立的高臺，或巴比倫的高臺，為神百姓一切仇敵的預表。
英文原文
25. Even the otherwise barren hills shall then be well-watered
(Isa 44:3).
the day, &c.--when the disobedient among the Jews shall have been slain, as foretold in
Isa 30:16:
"towers," that is, mighty men
(Isa 2:15).
Or else, the towers of the Assyrian Sennacherib, or of Babylon, types of all enemies of God's people.
26
無標題
26. 以天體為喻，表達屬靈之光與福樂的增加。「七倍」暗示那福樂的完全，七為神聖的數字。這也將來在天上的城中字面應驗
(賽 60:19, 20； 啟 21:23, 24；22:5)。
裂痕——即創傷，或因罪而神所降的災禍
(賽 1:5)。
英文原文
26. Image from the heavenly bodies to express the increase of spiritual light and felicity. "Sevenfold" implies the perfection of that felicity, seven being the sacred number. It shall also be literally fulfilled hereafter in the heavenly city
(Isa 60:19, 20; Re 21:23, 24; 22:5).
breach--the wound, or calamity, sent by God on account of their sins
(Isa 1:5).
27
無標題
27. 耶和華的名——即耶和華自己
(詩 44:5；54:1)；
被描繪為正在逼近、即將在亞述人頭上爆發的風暴
(賽 30:30, 31)。
重擔——字面意思是「猛烈是火燄」，即從祂發出的火燄是猛烈的。或者（因希伯來文意為「升騰」）作升起的雲是猛烈的〔G. V. SMITH〕；積聚的雲逐漸升起，直到爆發。
英文原文
27. name of . . . Lord--that is, Jehovah Himself
(Ps 44:5; 54:1);
represented as a storm approaching and ready to burst over the Assyrians
(Isa 30:30, 31).
burden . . . is heavy--literally, "grievousness is the flame," that is, the flame which darts from Him is grievous. Or else (as the Hebrew means an "uplifting") the uprising cloud is grievous [G. V. SMITH]; the gathering cloud gradually rising till it bursts.
28
無標題
28.
(賽 11:4； 帖後 2:8)。
漲到……頸項——極度的危險；然而猶大的頭，即京城，將得蒙保全
(賽 8:8)，
照樣亞述的頭，即君王西拿基立，也必逃脫。
虛無的篩——宜作「毀滅的簸箕」〔LOWTH〕
(賽 41:16)。
嚼環……口中——如亞述碑文中所描繪的俘虜
(賽 37:29)。
使人……走錯——
(賽 63:17)。
「民」，希伯來文作「萬民」，即組成亞述軍隊的各族裔
(賽 5:26)。
英文原文
28.
(Isa 11:4; 2Th 2:8).
reach . . . neck--the most extreme danger; yet as the head, or capital of Judah, was to be spared
(Isa 8:8),
so the head, or sovereign of Assyria, Sennacherib, should escape.
sieve of vanity--Rather, "the winnowing fan of destruction" [LOWTH]
(Isa 41:16).
bridle in . . . jaws--as prisoners are represented in the Assyrian inscriptions
(Isa 37:29).
causing . . . to err--
(Isa 63:17).
"People," Hebrew, "peoples," namely, the various races composing the Assyrian armies
(Isa 5:26).
29
無標題
29. 這夜……節期——正如你們在逾越節之夜慶祝你們從埃及得拯救，照樣你們也將慶祝你們從亞述奴役中獲救。宜作「那節期」
(出 12:42)。
吹笛前行——即吹笛。他們慣於在三大節期帶著音樂與歡樂上耶路撒冷（「耶和華的山」，即錫安）
(申 16:16； 拉 2:65； 詩 122:1-4)。
英文原文
29. the night . . . solemnity--As in the passover night ye celebrate your deliverance from Egypt, so shall ye celebrate your rescue from Assyrian bondage. Translate, "the solemnity"
(Ex 12:42).
goeth with a pipe--or flute. They used to go up to Jerusalem ("the mountain of the Lord," Zion) at the three feasts with music and gladness
(De 16:16; Ezr 2:65; Ps 122:1-4).
30
無標題
30. 耶和華向仇敵發怒的「威嚴之聲」
(賽 30:27)，
此處再次提及，與祂百姓來敬拜祂時所用的音樂
(賽 30:29)
相對照。
降下……膀臂——
(賽 30:32； 詩 38:2)。
指祂的膀臂擊打時的降下。
摧殘——即粉碎的狂風，或「氾濫」〔MAURER〕。
英文原文
30. Jehovah's "glorious voice," raised against the enemy
(Isa 30:27),
is again mentioned here, in contrast to the music
(Isa 30:29)
with which His people shall come to worship Him.
lighting down of . . . arm--
(Isa 30:32; Ps 38:2).
The descent of His arm in striking.
scattering--namely, a blast that scatters, or an "inundation" [MAURER].
31
無標題
31. 那打人的亞述杖自己也必挨打，而且僅憑耶和華的聲音——即不可見的神聖作為
(賽 10:5, 24)。
英文原文
31. The Assyrian rod which beat shall itself be beaten, and that by the mere voice of the Lord, that is, an unseen divine agency
(Isa 10:5, 24).
32
無標題
32. 立——宜作「命定」、「指定」〔MAURER〕。
杖——指報應的杖。
他——亞述人；為歷代神一切仇敵的預表。旁註及 MAURER 連為「每經過一次（刑罰
賽 28:15）
所定之杖的打擊——就是……——必伴以鼓聲」，即蒙救的百姓以喜樂伴隨。
搖晃的戰陣——即戰爭的衝擊
(賽 19:16；
參見「篩……篩子」
賽 30:28)。
與他——即與亞述。
英文原文
32. grounded--rather, "decreed," "appointed" [MAURER].
staff--the avenging rod.
him--the Assyrian; type of all God's enemies in every age. Margin and MAURER construe, "Every passing through (infliction,
Isa 28:15)
of the appointed rod, which, &c., shall be with tabrets," that is, accompanied with joy on the part of the rescued peoples.
battles of shaking--that is, shock of battles
(Isa 19:16;
compare "sift . . . sieve,"
Isa 30:28).
with it--namely, Assyria.
33
無標題
33. 陀斐特——字面意思是「可憎之處」；即欣嫩子谷，在耶路撒冷東南方，以色列人在那裏以火將人祭獻給摩洛；故為焚燒之地
(王下 23:10； 耶 7:31)。
後來 Gehinnom 或 Gehenna，即欣嫩谷，成為城裏垃圾的堆放場，終日有火燃燒以消耗之。因此它逐漸被用來表達地獄——受苦之處。就前一意義而言，它是象徵亞述軍隊火葬柴堆的合適地點（並非說他們實際在此滅亡）；希伯來人不火化而埋葬死者，但異教的亞述人將被焚燒，作為恥辱的標記。就後一意義而言，陀斐特是「為魔鬼（王——
賽 14:12-15
——的預表實體）和他的使者」以及不信之人所「預備」的歸宿
(太 5:22；25:41； 可 9:43, 44)。
英文原文
33. Tophet--literally, "A place of abomination"; the valley of the sons of Hinnom, southeast of Jerusalem, where Israel offered human sacrifices to Moloch by fire; hence a place of burning
(2Ki 23:10; Jer 7:31).
Latterly Gehinnom or Gehenna, that is, valley of Hinnom, was the receptacle of the refuse of the city, to consume which fires were constantly burning. Hence it came to express hell, the place of torment. In the former sense it was a fit place to symbolize the funeral pyre of the Assyrian army (not that it actually perished there); the Hebrews did not burn, but buried their dead, but the heathen Assyrians are to be burnt as a mark of ignominy. In the latter sense Tophet is the receptacle "prepared for the devil (antitype to the king,
Isa 14:12-15)
and his angels," and unbelieving men
(Mt 5:22; 25:41; Mr 9:43, 44).
Isa 30:1-32.
第三十至三十二章大概指主前 714 年夏季，而第二十九章則指該年逾越節之時。
猶太使節此時正前往埃及尋求對抗亞述的援助
(Isa 30:2-6, 15; 31:1).
以賽亞譴責這種倚靠埃及而非倚靠耶和華的做法。神曾禁止與外邦列國結盟，而分別為聖乃是猶太政體的核心
(Ex 23:32; De 7:2).
1. take counsel——按
Isa 30:4, 6
所暗示，不如譯作「執行計謀」。
cover . . . covering——即將自己裹在對耶和華不忠的倚靠之中。「遮蓋」如此便對應於「向耶和華深藏自己的計謀」
(Isa 29:15).
但希伯來文字面作「澆奠祭之人」；因為結盟正是藉此而立
(Ex 24:8; Zec 9:11),
故譯作「立盟之人」。
not of——「非出於我的靈所指示」
(Nu 27:21; Jos 9:14).
that they may add——此處將後果說成他們的意圖，可見他們犯罪何等肆無忌憚：一罪連帶另一罪
(De 29:19).