서론
Psalm 93 Introduction
英文原文
The author of this psalm is unknown, and there is nothing by which we can determine this, or its date, or the occasion on which it was written. It seems, from Psalm 93:5, to have been composed with some reference to the sanctuary, and to the service there: "Holiness becometh thine "house," O Lord," and it may have been designed, with the last psalm, to have been used in the place of public worship on the sabbath-day. It would appear, also, from the structure of the psalm, that it was composed in view of some danger which may have threatened the nation from some hostile power Psalm 93:1-4, and that the design was to impart confidence in God, or to keep up the assurance in the mind of the people that God presided over all, and that his kingdom was safe. With this view, it is adapted to inspire confidence in God in all ages, and in all times of danger. In the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, the title is, "The praise of an ode by David, for the day preceding the sabbath, when the earth was founded." The origin of this title is unknown, and it has no authority. There is no evidence that it was composed by David, and the presumption from Psalm 93:5 is that it was composed after the temple was built, and consequently after the death of David.
1
Psalm 93:1
耶和华作王——诗篇中同样的开篇也见于 Psalm 97:1-12 与 Psalm 99:1-9。同样的思想在圣经中屡见。参 1 Chronicles 16:31; Psalm 47:8; Isaiah 52:7; Revelation 19:6。这思想在这里似乎显得突兀。诗人仿佛一直在默想世上所发生的黑暗之事；四围环绕的种种奥秘；那些看似与"世界有公义的治理"这一观念无法调和的事；忽然间，一个意念如暴风雨中的一道闪电闪现出来：耶和华统管万有，一切都必定是对的。在这一切的事中，神坐在宝座上；祂调度万事；祂向万有挥动祂的权杖；祂按自己的旨意安排一切；祂确保自己的旨意得以成就。
他以威严为衣穿上——就是说，祂穿上它、披戴它；祂以它为衣裳而显现。译作"威严"的词，本义是"高耸"，用于指大海的汹涌（Psalm 89:9），或上腾的烟柱（Isaiah 9:18）。这里的含义是：神是崇高的；祂以显明其合宜尊严的方式显现。参见 Isaiah 6:1 的注释。
耶和华以能力为衣，以能力束腰——这里暗指东方人的着衣方式——人在劳作、行走或奔跑时束腰的习俗。参见 Matthew 5:38-41 的注释。
世界就坚定——即稳固；立于坚实的根基上。自然的剧变或人的能力都不能摇动或毁灭它。
不得动摇——即不离开其本位；不被倾覆；不被毁灭。这话似乎是在某种将临的灾祸面前说的，仿佛一切都将被一扫而空。诗人以"世界已被坚定建立"这一思想自慰：没有任何风暴或大动荡能猛烈到把它移离本位。这安慰的根基，在于神所命定之事本质上的稳固。
英文原文
The Lord reigneth - The same commencement of a psalm occurs in Psalm 97:1-12; Psalm 99:1-9. The same idea is often found in the Scriptures. 1 Chronicles 16:31; Psalm 47:8; Isaiah 52:7; Revelation 19:6. The thought seems abrupt here. It would appear as if the psalmist had been meditating on the dark things which occur in the world; the mysteries which abound; the things which seem irreconcilable with the idea that there is a just government over the world, and that suddenly the idea occurs, as a flash of lightning in a storm, that Yahweh reigns over all, and that all must be right. Amidst all these things God sits upon the throne; he orders all events; he sways his scepter over all; he orders all things according to his own will; he secures the accomplishment of his own purposes.
He is clothed with majesty - That is, he puts on, or wears this; he appears in this as a garb, or robe. The word rendered "majesty" means properly "loftiness," and is applied to the swelling of the sea Psalm 89:9, or to a column of smoke, Isaiah 9:18. The idea here is, that God is exalted; and that he appears in such a manner as to indicate his proper dignity. See the notes at Isaiah 6:1.
The Lord is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself - There is an allusion here to the mode of dress among the Orientals - the custom of girding the loins when one labored, or walked, or ran. See the notes at Matthew 5:38-41.
The world also is stablished - Is firm; is on a solid foundation. It cannot be shaken or destroyed by natural convulsions, or by the power of man.
That it cannot be moved - Moved out of its place; overthrown; destroyed. This seems to have been spoken in view of some impending calamity, as if everything were to be swept away. The psalmist consoles himself with the thought that the world was firmly established; that no storm or tempest could be so violent as to remove it out of its place. The ground of consolation is the essential stability of what God has ordained.
2
Psalm 93:2
你的宝座从太初立定——无论发生什么，神的宝座都是稳固的。它断不能被动摇。它从一切永恒之前就已设立。它经历了宇宙中所发生的一切剧变与变迁，仍屹立不摇，并将永远坚立。无论什么都会改变，它却永不改变；只要它不变，我们就有安稳与盼望的根基。倘若“它”被动摇，一切就都完了。此处的旁注按希伯来文作“从那时”；但其含义是“从太初”；即从最古老的时代；也就是下一分句所指示的“从亘古”之时。
你从亘古就有——从一切永恒之前；你一直存在；你永不改变（Psalm 90:1）。
英文原文
Thy throne is established of old - Whatever might occur, the throne of God was firm. That could not be moved. It had been set up from all eternity. It had stood through all the convulsions and changes which had occurred in the universe; and it would stand firm forever. Whatever might change, that was immovable; and as long as that is unchanged we have a ground of security and hope. Should "that" be moved, all would be gone. The margin here is, as in Hebrew, "from then:" but it means "of old;" from the most ancient times; that is, from the period indicated by the next clause, "from everlasting."
Thou art from everlasting - From all eternity; thou hast always existed; thou art ever the same Psalm 90:1.
3
Psalm 93:3
“耶和华啊，大水扬起，大水发声”——此处译作“大水”的词，本义是河流，继而可用于任何水域。“发声”一词在此，是指狂澜被风搅动、或冲击海岸时所发的喧声。见 Psalm 42:7 的注释。
“波浪澎湃”——仿佛要扫荡一切。这里所暗示的，是某种在其猛烈与暴烈上可与海洋狂涛相比的灾祸或危险。或者，如果这是指海上的风暴本身，那么本诗也许是作者站在海岸边、看着海浪拍击海岸时的心境。人看着波涛滚滚涌向岸边，仿佛它们在发怒，仿佛它们要扫荡一切，仿佛岸上的磐石也无法抵挡它们。然而它们有其界限。它们耗尽力气，破碎退去，仿佛要蓄力再来，随后又以同样的结果重新冲击。但它们的能力是有限的。磐石的海岸岿然不动。大地长存。神在一切之上。祂的宝座永不动摇。元素的任何暴烈都无法影响它；在祂的统管之下，一切都安然无恙。
耶和华啊，大水扬起； 大水扬起它们的波浪。
类似的对巴比伦倾倒的描述见于 Jeremiah 50:32；Jeremiah 51:8；约翰在记述奥秘之巴比伦被推翻时（Revelation 18:1-2），也沿用了这个描述。巴比伦以它的骄傲、狂妄和自大著称，因此成为一切狂傲之物的象征；约翰在启示录中正是这样使用它；它也因此成为教皇制的罗马素来显出的骄傲、狂妄、自大与欺压的一个极其鲜明的象征。
“他一切雕刻的神像”——巴比伦以偶像崇拜著称，或许正是偶像崇拜开始的地方。那里所敬拜的主要神祇是彼勒斯（Belus），即彼勒（Bel）（见 Isaiah 46:1 的注释）。
“都打碎于地……”——意即将被毁灭；或者说，尽管有它的诸偶像，全城仍必沦为荒场。
英文原文
The floods have lifted up, O Lord, the floods have lifted up their voice - The word here rendered "floods," means properly rivers, and then it may be applied to any waters. The word voice here refers to the noise of raging waters when they are agitated by the winds, or when they dash on the shore. See the notes at Psalm 42:7.
The floods lift up their waves - As if they would sweep everything away. The allusion here is to some calamity or danger which might, in its strength and violence, be compared with the wild and raging waves of the ocean. Or if it refers literally to the ocean in a storm, then the psalm may have been the reflections of the author as he stood on the shore of the sea, and saw the waves beat and dash against the shore. To one thus looking upon the billows as they roll in toward the shore, it seems as if they were angry; as if they intended to sweep everything away; as if the rocks of the shore could not resist them. Yet they have their bounds. They spend their strength; they break, and retire as if to recover their force, and then they renew their attack with the same result. But their power is limited. The rocky shore is unmoved. The earth abides. God is over all. His throne is unshaken. No violence of the elements can affect that; and, under his dominion, all is secure.
The floods have lifted up, O Lord;
The floods have lifted up their waves.
A similar description is given of the fall of Babylon in Jeremiah 50:32; Jeremiah 51:8; and John has copied this description in the account of the overthrow of the mystical Babylon Revelation 18:1-2. Babylon was distinguished for its pride, arrogance, and haughtiness. It became, therefore, the emblem of all that is haughty, and as such is used by John in the Apocalypse; and as such it was a most striking emblem of the pride, arrogance, haughtiness, and oppression which have always been evinced by Papal Rome.
And all the graven images - Babylon was celebrated for its idolatry, and perhaps was the place where the worship of idols commenced. The principal god worshipped there was Belus, or Bel (see the note at Isaiah 46:1).
Are broken ... - That is, shall be destroyed; or, in spite of its idols, the whole city would be ruined.
4
Psalm 93:4
耶和华在高处大有能力，胜过诸水的响声——就是说，他比这些水更有能力，能够辖管它们。参见 Psalm 65:7 的注释；Job 38:11 的注释。原文在此处的思路更为迅急，更加有力而雄劲："大于诸水的声音——众多的——汹涌的——海的大浪——在高处的是耶和华。"他超乎这一切巨浪与拍岸的波涛之上，比它们全都更有能力。浪只能前行到他所容许的地步；他何时何地一吩咐，它们就必止住。神如此俯临统管并掌控海洋的波涛，很少有别的事比这更能显明神的大能与威严。
胜过洋海的大浪——此处的原文用词与英文"breakers"（"拍岸浪"）一词恰好相当——即在海滩上"碎裂"的巨浪。
英文原文
The Lord on high is mightier than the noise of many waters - That is, he is more powerful than those waters; he is able to control them. See Psalm 65:7, note; Job 38:11, note. The original here is more rapid in the course of the thought; more emphatic and forcible: "More than the voice of waters - many - mighty - the breakers of the sea - in the high place is Jehovah." He is over all those billows and breakers; more mighty than they all. They can proceed no further than he permits; they will be stayed when and where he commands. We can conceive of few things which more illustrate the power and the majesty of God than the fact that he thus presides over, and controls, the waves of the ocean.
Yea, than the mighty waves of the sea - The original word here corresponds precisely with our word "breakers" - the mighty waves that "break" on the beach.
5
Psalm 93:5
你的法度最的确——指你所见证的一切；你所肯定或宣告为真的一切。这涵盖神所说“的一切”——无论是他的律法、他的应许、他的诫命、他的预言，还是他对已发生之事与将成之事的陈述。参 Psalm 19:7 的注释。
耶和华啊，你的殿永称为圣，是合宜的——本篇似乎是为在圣所中作为公众敬拜的一部分而使用的；这里“圣”一词似乎指对神合宜的敬畏、对他的信靠、一种脱离一切疑惑与一切不洁的心境。或许这里也含有这样的意思：在世上一切动荡之中，在一切威胁要倾覆真理与公义的事中，在一切对神治理的攻击中，在错谬辩护者的一切努力中，在罪孽充斥之际，教会都当坚定持守“圣洁”的原则，持守那正当而真实的事。应当有一个地方——教会——在真理与圣洁上毫无动摇；应当有一个地方，无论外界有何等的骚乱，真理都必得着护卫。因此本篇的主要观念是：鉴于神作王，没有什么能挫折他的计划或扰乱他的宝座，我们就当存着敬畏、存着谦卑的信靠、存着真诚纯洁的心来亲近他。
在更广的意义上——在可以想象的最广意义上——“圣洁”、纯洁、脱离恶念、脱离邪荡的眼目与邪荡的想象、脱离不圣洁的计谋与企图，应当在神的殿中盛行，并当被视为正当敬拜所不可或缺的，这也是真的。天堂既然是纯洁的，既然那里必无可“玷污的、行可憎与撒谎之事的”进入（Revelation 21:27），照样，在我们寻求为那圣洁世界作预备的地方——神的圣所——也不当容任何不洁与污染之物进入；不当容任何倾向败坏或玷污灵魂的东西进入。还可以补充说，参加公众敬拜的聚会，正有助于使人心纯洁，把不圣洁的意念与企图逐出灵魂。一个感到自己是在圣洁之神面前的人，不大可能欢迎污秽的形像与不圣洁的私欲进入他的灵魂。
直到永远——旁注与希伯来文同，作“日子长久之时”。其意是：这在任何时候都是合宜的。参 Psalm 23:6 的注释。
英文原文
Thy testimonies are very sure - All that thou hast borne witness to; all that thou hast affirmed or declared to be true. This would embrace "all that" God has spoken, whether his law, his promises, his commands, his prophecies, or his statements of what has occurred and of what will occur. See the notes at Psalm 19:7.
Holiness becometh thine house, O Lord - The psalm seems to have been intended to be used in the sanctuary, as a part of public worship, and the word "holiness" here would seem to mean a proper respect for God; confidence in him; a state of mind free from all doubt, and from all that is impure. Perhaps there may be here, also, the idea that in all the convulsions of the world; in all that threatens to overthrow truth and righteousness; in all the attacks which are made on the divine government; in all the efforts of the defenders of error, and in the midst of abounding iniquity, the church should maintain a firm adherence to the principles of "holiness," to that which is right and true. There should be one place - the church - where there would be no wavering in regard to truth and holiness; one place, where the truth would be defended whatever commotions might be abroad. The main idea, therefore, in the psalm is, that, in view of the fact that God reigns, and that nothing can frustrate his plans, or disturb his throne, we should approach him with reverence, with humble trust, with sincere and pure hearts.
In a larger sense, also, in the largest sense conceivable - it is true that "holiness," purity, freedom from evil thoughts, from a wanton eye and a wanton imagination, from unholy plans and purposes, should prevail in the house of God, and should be regarded as indispensable to proper worship. As heaven is pure, and as there shall enter there nothing "that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination or maketh a lie" Revelation 21:27, so in the place where we seek to prepare for that holy world - the sanctuary of God - nothing should be allowed to enter that is impure and polluting; nothing that tends to corrupt or defile the soul. It may be added, that attendance in a place of public worship is calculated to make the heart pure, and to banish unholy thoughts and purposes from the soul. A man who feels that he is in the presence of a holy God, will not be likely to welcome into his soul polluted images and unholy desires.
Forever - Margin, as in Hebrew, "to length of days." The idea is, that it is always appropriate. See the notes at Psalm 23:6.
本诗作者不明，也没有任何依据能使我们确定作者是谁、其写作年代或其写作场合。从 Psalm 93:5 看，本诗的写作似乎与圣所及其中的事奉有某种关联：“耶和华啊，你的殿永称为圣，是合宜的。”它与前一篇诗一样，可能是设计用来在安息日于公共敬拜之所诵用的。而且，从本诗的结构来看，它似乎是在某种危险临头之际写成的——那危险可能是某个敌对势力对这民族构成的威胁（Psalm 93:1-4）；其用意是要灌输对神的信靠，或是要保持百姓心中的确信：神掌管万事，祂的国稳固无虞。基于这一点，本诗适合在一切时代、一切危险之时激发对神的信靠。在七十士译本和拉丁文武加大译本中，本诗的标题是：“大卫的颂歌之赞美，为安息日前一日、大地奠定之时而作。”这一标题的来源不明，也没有任何权威性。没有证据表明本诗为大卫所作；而且根据 Psalm 93:5 的推测，它是圣殿建成之后写成的，因而也是大卫死后写成的。