1
1Ki 15:1-8.
英文原文
1Ki 15:1-8.
ABIJAM'S WICKED REIGN OVER JUDAH.
1. Abijam--His name was at first Abijah
(2Ch 12:16);
"Jah," the name of God, according to an ancient fashion, being conjoined with it. But afterwards, when he was found "walking in all the sins of his father"
[1Ki 15:3],
that honorable addition was withdrawn, and his name in sacred history changed into Abijam [LIGHTFOOT].
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2. 他作王三年——(将
1Ki 15:1
与 1Ki 15:9 对照)。圣经中常以部分年当作整年计算。他在耶罗波安第十八年开始作王,持续到第十九年,并在第二十年间结束。
他母亲名叫玛迦——或作米该雅
(2Ch 13:2),
大概是她作了王后之后改的名,这在境遇改变时十分常见。她被称为押沙龙(亚比沙龙)的女儿
(2Ch 11:21),
是乌列的女儿
(2Ch 13:2)。
因此有人推测,押沙龙的女儿他玛
(2Sa 14:27; 18:18)
嫁给了乌列,玛迦就是他们的女儿。
英文原文
2. Three years reigned he--(compare
1Ki 15:1 with 1Ki 15:9).
Parts of years are often counted in Scripture as whole years. The reign began in Jeroboam's eighteenth year, continued till the nineteenth, and ended in the course of the twentieth.
his mother's name was Maachah--or Michaiah
(2Ch 13:2),
probably altered from the one to the other on her becoming queen, as was very common under a change of circumstances. She is called the daughter of Abishalom, or Absalom
(2Ch 11:21),
of Uriel
(2Ch 13:2).
Hence, it has been thought probable that Tamar, the daughter of Absalom
(2Sa 14:27; 18:18),
had been married to Uriel, and that Maachah was their daughter.
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3. 亚比央的心不像他父亲大卫那样,诚诚实实地顺服耶和华——(对照
1Ki 11:4; 14:22)。
他起初并非绝对败坏,因为他似乎曾做了一些事来恢复圣殿被劫掠的财宝
(1Ki 15:15)。
这句话含有对大卫之心的比较之意。论到犹大诸王时,常说他「行耶和华眼中看为正的事」
(1Ki 15:5),
这只是说他们治理的大方向和趋向在总体上是神所喜悦的(或不是),并不能作为某一具体行为是否合法或敬虔的证据。
英文原文
3. his heart was not perfect with the Lord . . . , as the heart of David his father--(Compare
1Ki 11:4; 14:22).
He was not positively bad at first, for it appears that he had done something to restore the pillaged treasures of the temple
(1Ki 15:15).
This phrase contains a comparative reference to David's heart. His doing that which was right in the eyes of the Lord
(1Ki 15:5)
is frequently used in speaking of the kings of Judah, and means only that they did or did not do that which, in the general course and tendency of their government, was acceptable to God. It furnishes no evidence as to the lawfulness or piety of one specific act.
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4. 然而耶和华他的神因大卫的缘故,仍使他在耶路撒冷有灯——「一家之中有灯」是东方的说法,指家族名声和昌盛的延续。亚比央之所以未被弃绝,只因神对大卫的应许(参见
1Ki 11:13-36)。
英文原文
4. for David's sake did the Lord his God give him a lamp--"A lamp" in one's house is an Oriental phrase for continuance of family name and prosperity. Abijam was not rejected only in consequence of the divine promise to David (see on
1Ki 11:13-36).
9
1Ki 15:9-22.
1Ki 15:9-22.
亚撒的善政
英文原文
1Ki 15:9-22.
ASA'S GOOD REIGN.
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10-13. 他母亲名叫玛迦——她其实是他的祖母,此处称她为「王母」,是因他在位初期她身居的高位。亚撒作为合乎宪政的君主,效法敬虔的大卫,致力于废除偶像崇拜的痕迹和污秽的行为;为贯彻他不偏不倚的作风,他并不放过即使身分最高的罪犯。
英文原文
10-13. his mother's name was Maachah--She was properly his grandmother, and she is here called "the king's mother," from the post of dignity which at the beginning of his reign she possessed. Asa, as a constitutional monarch, acted like the pious David, laboring to abolish the traces and polluting practices of idolatry, and in pursuance of his impartial conduct, he did not spare delinquents even of the highest rank.
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13. 并贬了他祖母玛迦太后的位——王太后不一定是王的生母(参见
1Ki 2:19),
玛迦也非亚撒生母。她的尊号,以及与这尊荣、地位相连(使她在王室女眷中居先、在国中具有重大影响力)的特权,都被剥夺。她因拜偶像而被贬。
因为她造了可憎的亚舍拉像——一个极为淫秽的偶像,而那树林也归最为粗鄙的淫乱所用。然而他的宗教改革计划并未完全贯彻,「邱坛还没有废去」(参见
1Ki 3:2)。
在天然或人工高地上进行的这种私下敬拜,虽在圣殿被定为唯一敬拜之处后已被禁止,就是最敬虔的君王之律法也未能彻底禁绝。
英文原文
13. also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being queen--The sultana, or queen dowager, was not necessarily the king's natural mother (see
1Ki 2:19),
nor was Maachah. Her title, and the privileges connected with that honor and dignity which gave her precedency among the ladies of the royal family, and great influence in the kingdom, were taken away. She was degraded for her idolatry.
because she had made an idol in a grove--A very obscene figure, and the grove was devoted to the grossest licentiousness. His plans of religious reformation, however, were not completely carried through, "the high places were not removed" (see
1Ki 3:2).
The suppression of this private worship on natural or artificial hills, though a forbidden service after the temple had been declared the exclusive place of worship, the most pious king's laws were not able to accomplish.
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15. 亚撒将他父亲所分别为圣的器皿奉进来——大概是亚比雅从耶罗波安败军中所掳的战利品(参见
2Ch 13:16)。
和自己分别为圣的——在他自己战胜古实人之后
(2Ch 14:12)。
英文原文
15. he brought in the things which his father had dedicated--Probably the spoils which Abijam had taken from the vanquished army of Jeroboam (see
2Ch 13:16).
and the things which himself had dedicated--after his own victory over the Cushites
(2Ch 14:12).
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16、17. 亚撒和以色列王巴沙在世的日子,常常争战——亚比雅击败耶罗波安之后,亚撒享了十年的太平;这段时期他明智而有力地用于内政改革,以及增强国防
(2Ch 14:1-7)。
但在他作王第十五年,以色列王开始对他发动攻势,入侵他的国境,在拉玛修筑了坚固的堡垒。拉玛靠近基比亚,距耶路撒冷仅六罗马英里。巴沙恐怕自己的百姓离开本国、归回他们列祖的敬拜,便想切断两国之间的一切往来。拉玛耸立在俯瞰一道狭窄峡谷的高地上,那峡谷将以色列与犹大隔开,因此他在那里采取了敌对的据点。
英文原文
16, 17. there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days--Asa enjoyed a ten years' peace after Jeroboam's defeat by Abijam, and this interval was wisely and energetically spent in making internal reforms, as well as increasing the means of national defense
(2Ch 14:1-7).
In the fifteenth year of his reign, however, the king of Israel commenced hostilities against him, and, invading his kingdom, erected a strong fortress at Ramah, which was near Gibeah, and only six Roman miles from Jerusalem. Afraid lest his subjects might quit his kingdom and return to the worship of their fathers, he wished to cut off all intercourse between the two nations. Ramah stood on an eminence overhanging a narrow ravine which separated Israel from Judah, and therefore he took up a hostile position in that place.
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18-20. 于是亚撒将……耶和华殿里所剩下的金银——亚撒的宗教品格此时可见趋于下滑。他不倚靠耶和华
(2Ch 16:7)。
在这危急关头,亚撒请求大马士革叙利亚王的强大援助;为贿使他背弃与巴沙的同盟,他将圣殿和王宫中的财宝送去。叙利亚雇佣兵被收买了。在东西方的古史和近代史中,都可找到因诱人的贿赂而同样突然且不择手段地违背条约的实例。便哈达将大军开进以色列北部各省,攻占了加利利靠近叙利亚边境的几座城,迫使巴沙从拉玛退回自己的境内。
便哈达——(参见
1Ki 11:14)。
英文原文
18-20. Then Asa took all the silver and the gold that were left in the . . . house of the Lord--Asa's religious character is now seen to decline. He trusted not in the Lord
(2Ch 16:7).
In this emergency Asa solicited the powerful aid of the king of Damascene-Syria; and to bribe him to break off his alliance with Baasha, he transmitted to him the treasure lying in the temple and palace. The Syrian mercenaries were gained. Instances are to be found, both in the ancient and modern history of the East, of the violation of treaties equally sudden and unscrupulous, through the presentation of some tempting bribe. Ben-hadad poured an army into the northern provinces of Israel, and having captured some cities in Galilee, on the borders of Syria, compelled Baasha to withdraw from Ramah back within his own territories.
Ben-hadad--(See on
1Ki 11:14).
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22. 于是亚撒王宣告——巴沙在拉玛所修的防御工事被拆毁,其材料被用来建造亚撒认为需要的其他防御——在迦巴(今杰巴 Jeba)和米斯巴(今尼比桑穆尔 Neby Samuil),在耶路撒冷以北约二小时路程之处。
英文原文
22. Then king Asa made a proclamation--The fortifications which Baasha had erected at Ramah were demolished, and with the materials were built other defenses, where Asa thought they were needed--at Geba (now Jeba) and Mizpeh (now Neby Samuil), about two hours' travelling north of Jerusalem.
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23. 他年老的时候,脚上有病——(参见
2Ch 16:12,
那里对他宗教上的退步另有一个证据。)
英文原文
23. in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet--(See on
2Ch 16:12,
where an additional proof is given of his religious degeneracy.)
25
1Ki 15:25-34.
1Ki 15:25-34.
拿答的恶政
25. 耶罗波安的儿子拿答开始作王——关于他,除了紧紧追随他父亲的恶政外,别无记载。
英文原文
1Ki 15:25-34.
NADAB'S WICKED REIGN.
25. Nadab the son of Jeroboam began to reign--No record is given of him, except his close adherence to the bad policy of his father.
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27. 巴沙在基比顿杀了他——这座城属但支派,给了利未人
(Jos 19:44)。
它在非利士边境上,被非利士人夺去,拿答便围攻要收复它。
英文原文
27. Baasha smote him at Gibbethon--This town, within the tribe of Dan, was given to the Levites
(Jos 19:44).
It lay on the Philistine borders, and having been seized by that people, Nadab laid siege to recover it.
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29. 他一作王,就把耶罗波安全家的人都杀了——这按东方太过常见的野蛮惯例,篡位者要将一切王位的竞争者斩尽杀绝;但这也是亚希雅关于耶罗波安之预言的应验
(1Ki 14:10, 11)。
英文原文
29. when he reigned, he smote all the house of Jeroboam--It was according to a barbarous practice too common in the East, for a usurper to extirpate all rival candidates for the throne; but it was an accomplishment of Ahijah's prophecy concerning Jeroboam
(1Ki 14:10, 11).
1Ki 15:1-8.
亚比雅在犹大作恶
1. 亚比央——他最初的名字是亚比雅
(2Ch 12:16);
「雅」(Jah,神的名)按照古时的风尚与之相连。但后来当发现他「行他父亲所行的一切罪」
[1Ki 15:3]
时,这一尊贵的附加词便被取消,他在圣史中的名字也被改为亚比央[LIGHTFOOT]。