1
1Sa 2:1-11.
英文原文
1Sa 2:1-11.
HANNAH'S SONG IN THANKFULNESS TO GOD.
1. Hannah prayed, and said--Praise and prayer are inseparably conjoined in Scripture
(Col 4:2; 1Ti 2:1).
This beautiful song was her tribute of thanks for the divine goodness in answering her petition.
mine horn is exalted in the Lord--Allusion is here made to a peculiarity in the dress of Eastern women about Lebanon, which seems to have obtained anciently among the Israelite women, that of wearing a tin or silver horn on the forehead, on which their veil is suspended. Wives, who have no children, wear it projecting in an oblique direction, while those who become mothers forthwith raise it a few inches higher, inclining towards the perpendicular, and by this slight but observable change in their headdress, make known, wherever they go, the maternal character which they now bear.
5
无标题
5. 饥饿的人不再饥饿——即不再挨饿之意。
不生育的生了七个——即许多儿女。
英文原文
5. they that were hungry ceased--that is, to hunger.
the barren hath born seven--that is, many children.
6
无标题
6. 耶和华使人下阴间,也使人上来——即祂使人落到最低的屈辱与悲惨境地,又使人恢复兴旺与幸福。
英文原文
6. he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up--that is, He reduces to the lowest state of degradation and misery, and restores to prosperity and happiness.
8
无标题
8. 祂从灰尘里抬举贫寒人,从粪堆中提拔穷乏人——粪堆是把马、牛或骆驼的粪便堆起来晒干作燃料,从前与现在都是最贫穷乞丐常聚之处。哈拿社会地位所发生的改变,在她感恩的心中看来,如同一个被人藐视的穷苦乞丐被高举到最崇高、最尊贵的地位一样蒙福、一样重大。
承受荣耀的宝座——即拥有尊贵的座位。
英文原文
8. He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill--The dunghill, a pile of horse, cow, or camel offal, heaped up to dry in the sun, and used as fuel, was, and is, one of the common haunts of the poorest mendicants; and the change that had been made in the social position of Hannah, appeared to her grateful heart as auspicious and as great as the elevation of a poor despised beggar to the highest and most dignified rank.
inherit the throne of glory--that is, possesses seats of honor.
10
无标题
10. 耶和华必审判地极……将角高举祂的受膏者——这是圣经中首次出现「受膏者」即弥赛亚一词的地方;当时以色列没有王,因此最合适的解释是指向基督。事实上,哈拿的歌与马利亚的歌(Lu 1:46)之间有显著的相似之处。
英文原文
10. the Lord shall judge the ends of the earth . . . exalt the horn of his anointed--This is the first place in Scripture where the word "anointed," or Messiah, occurs; and as there was no king in Israel at the time, it seems the best interpretation to refer it to Christ. There is, indeed, a remarkable resemblance between the song of Hannah and that of Mary
(Lu 1:46).
11
无标题
11. 孩子在祭司以利面前事奉耶和华——他必定在做某种适合幼龄的事奉,例如敲钹或演奏其他乐器、点灯,或类似的简易而有趣的事奉。
英文原文
11. the child did minister unto the Lord before Eli the priest--He must have been engaged in some occupation suited to his tender age, as in playing upon the cymbals, or other instruments of music; in lighting the lamps, or similar easy and interesting services.
12
1Sa 2:12-17.
1Sa 2:12-17.
以利儿子的罪。
12. 以利的儿子是彼列之子——他们不仅漫不经心、不敬虔,而且行为放荡,习惯恶劣,声名狼藉。他们虽专职从事圣职,却不仅心中对信仰的能力毫无经历,反而将其约束抛诸脑后,甚至像名牧之子有时那样,走向放肆、公然纵欲的另一个极端。
英文原文
1Sa 2:12-17.
THE SIN OF ELl'S SONS.
12. Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial--not only careless and irreligious, but men loose in their actions, and vicious and scandalous in their habits. Though professionally engaged in sacred duties, they were not only strangers to the power of religion in the heart, but they had thrown off its restraints, and even ran, as is sometimes done in similar cases by the sons of eminent ministers, to the opposite extreme of reckless and open profligacy.
13
无标题
13-17. 祭司向百姓所定的规矩——当有人要在祭坛献平安祭时,祭物先要带到祭司面前。耶和华的份既已焚烧,分属祭司和献祭者的部分就要用水煮。然而以利的儿子们不满足于胸肉和肩肉——这是神的律法所规定给他们的(Ex 29:27; Le 7:31, 32)——他们不仅索要献祭者应得之份的一部分,还在举祭或摇祭的神圣仪式之前就贪婪地夺取(Le 7:29);此外他们还犯下另一种不义:趁祭肉还是生的,就用叉子挑走自己所偏爱的部分。敬虔的人对这种既贪婪又亵渎地侵夺祭坛应得之份、也侵夺本应归献祭者全家共享之筵的行径,深感厌恶。事实是,祭司们变得骄傲,在许多情形下不愿接受赴筵的邀请,于是有人把肉作礼物送给他们;这事起初出于礼貌,久而久之成了既得权利,这就滋生出以利儿子们一切贪婪的苛求。
英文原文
13-17. the priests' custom with the people--When persons wished to present a sacrifice of peace offering on the altar, the offering was brought in the first instance to the priest, and as the Lord's part was burnt, the parts appropriated respectively to the priests and offerers were to be sodden. But Eli's sons, unsatisfied with the breast and shoulder, which were the perquisites appointed to them by the divine law
(Ex 29:27; Le 7:31, 32),
not only claimed part of the offerer's share, but rapaciously seized them previous to the sacred ceremony of heaving or waving (see on
Le 7:29);
and moreover they committed the additional injustice of taking up with their fork those portions which they preferred, while still raw. Pious people revolted at such rapacious and profane encroachments on the dues of the altar, as well as what should have gone to constitute the family and social feast of the offerer. The truth is, the priests having become haughty and unwilling in many instances to accept invitations to those feasts, presents of meat were sent to them; and this, though done in courtesy at first, being, in course of time, established into a right, gave rise to all the rapacious keenness of Eli's sons.
18
1Sa 2:18-26.
1Sa 2:18-26.
撒母耳的事奉。
18. 撒母耳还是孩子,在耶和华面前事奉——这里提及他在会幕外院幼龄时期的事奉,是为论及大祭司家族那番非凡预言作铺垫。
束着细麻的以弗得——这是低级祭司和利未人在圣事奉中使用的一种小披肩或围裙;有时士师或显赫人物也穿戴,因此虽非利未人、却从出生就奉献归神的撒母耳也被允许穿戴。
英文原文
1Sa 2:18-26.
SAMUEL'S MINISTRY.
18. But Samuel ministered before the Lord, being a child--This notice of his early services in the outer courts of the tabernacle was made to pave the way for the remarkable prophecy regarding the high priest's family.
girded with a linen ephod--A small shoulder-garment or apron, used in the sacred service by the inferior priests and Levites; sometimes also by judges or eminent persons, and hence allowed to Samuel, who, though not a Levite, was devoted to God from his birth.
19
无标题
19. 他母亲每年为他做一件小外袍,带来给他——她知道他尚不能对会幕提供任何实际的服事,便承担起为他置办衣物的费用。古时一切纺织原料、织布、制衣都是妇人的工作。
英文原文
19. his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year--Aware that he could not yet render any useful service to the tabernacle, she undertook the expense of supplying him with wearing apparel. All weaving stuffs, manufacture of cloth, and making of suits were anciently the employment of women.
20
无标题
20. 以利为以利加拿和他的妻子祝福——这祝福正如他从前所宣告的一样,具有预言的功效;不久便显明在哈拿家族的增添(1Sa 2:21),以及撒母耳为圣所事奉日益长进的资质上。
英文原文
20. Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife--This blessing, like that which he had formerly pronounced, had a prophetic virtue; which, before long, appeared in the increase of Hannah's family
(1Sa 2:21),
and the growing qualifications of Samuel for the service of the sanctuary.
22
无标题
22-24. 聚集在会幕门口伺候的妇人——这是一个严格苦修性质的圣洁妇女团体,她们放弃了世俗忧虑,专心归向主;这制度一直延续到基督的时代(Lu 2:37)。
以利总体而言是个好人,但在家庭的道德与宗教训练上有所欠缺。他偏于父母的放任;虽然责备过他们(De 21:18),却因畏惧或怠惰,没有施加他们的重大过犯所当受的约束或管教。在职司审判的岗位上,他对他们公然的渎职睁一只眼闭一只眼,任由他们肆意侵蚀体制,结果给百姓的权利和神的律法都造成了严重的伤害。
英文原文
22-24. the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle--This was an institution of holy women of a strictly ascetic order, who had relinquished worldly cares and devoted themselves to the Lord; an institution which continued down to the time of Christ
(Lu 2:37).
Eli was, on the whole, a good man, but lacking in the moral and religious training of his family. He erred on the side of parental indulgence; and though he reprimanded them (see on
De 21:18),
yet, from fear or indolence, he shrank from laying on them the restraints, or subjecting them to the discipline, their gross delinquencies called for. In his judicial capacity, he winked at their flagrant acts of maladministration and suffered them to make reckless encroachments on the constitution, by which the most serious injuries were inflicted both on the rights of the people and the laws of God.
25
无标题
25. 他们不听父亲的话,是因为耶和华想要杀他们——这里应读作「所以」。
耶和华想要杀他们——他们灭亡的原因不是神的预定,而是他们自己故意、不悔改的悖逆。
英文原文
25. they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because--it should be therefore.
the Lord would slay them--It was not God's preordination, but their own wilful and impenitent disobedience which was the cause of their destruction.
27
1Sa 2:27-35.
1Sa 2:27-35.
论以利家的预言。
27. 有神人来见以利,说……你家中必永远没有一个老年人——东方历来极看重老年,所以一个几乎没有或根本没有老年人的家族会被视为大祸,其体面也会明显降低。这位先知的预言,在宣告之后以利家所遭遇的苦难、衰落、贫困和许多早逝中,完全得到证实(1Sa 4:11; 14:3; 22:18-23; 1Ki 2:27)。
英文原文
1Sa 2:27-35.
A PROPHECY AGAINST ELI'S HOUSE.
27. there came a man of God unto Eli, and said . . . that there shall not be an old man in thine house--So much importance has always, in the East, been attached to old age, that it would be felt to be a great calamity, and sensibly to lower the respectability of any family which could boast of few or no old men. The prediction of this prophet was fully confirmed by the afflictions, degradation, poverty, and many untimely deaths with which the house of Eli was visited after its announcement (see
1Sa 4:11; 14:3; 22:18-23; 1Ki 2:27).
31
无标题
31. 我必剪除你的膀臂和你父家的膀臂——自从亚伦两个儿子中的长子以利亚撒被撤去大祭司之职后(在拿答、亚比户被灭之后,Nu 3:4),那尊荣就赐给了以利所属的以他玛家族;如今他的后裔已失去这尊荣,这职任就要从他们手中收回,归还给长子的支系。
英文原文
31. I will cut off thine arm, and the arm of thy father's house--By the withdrawal of the high priesthood from Eleazar, the elder of Aaron's two sons (after Nadab and Abihu were destroyed,
[Nu 3:4]),
that dignity had been conferred on the family of Ithamar, to which Eli belonged, and now that his descendants had forfeited the honor, it was to be taken from them and restored to the elder branch.
32
无标题
32. 你必看见我在居所中的敌人——将有从别家兴起的成功竞争者,来争夺大祭司的职位(2Sa 15:35; 1Ch 24:3; 29:22)。
但旁注的读法「你必看见圣幕的苦难」似乎是更可取的译法。
英文原文
32. thou shalt see an enemy in my habitation--A successful rival for the office of high priest shall rise out of another family
(2Sa 15:35; 1Ch 24:3; 29:22).
But the marginal reading, "thou shalt see the affliction of the tabernacle," seems to be a preferable translation.
1Sa 2:1-11.
哈拿 之歌: 向神 感恩
1. 哈拿祷告,说——在圣经中,赞美与祷告是密不可分地相连在一起的
(Col 4:2; 1Ti 2:1)。
这首优美的歌,是她为神听允其祈求、施下厚恩所献上的感恩。
我的角因耶和华高举——这里暗指黎巴嫩一带东方妇女服饰中的一个特点,看来在古时以色列妇女中也颇为通行,就是额上佩戴一个锡制或银制的角,用来悬挂面纱。没有儿女的妻子,把它斜向一侧佩戴;一旦生了孩子,便立刻把角抬高几寸,使之趋近直立。借着这种头饰上细微却显而易见的改变,她们无论到哪里,都向人表明自己如今已为人母的身份。