1
2Ch 19:1-4.
英文原文
2Ch 19:1-4.
JEHOSHAPHAT VISITS HIS KINGDOM.
1-4. Jehoshaphat . . . returned to his house in peace--(See
2Ch 18:16).
Not long after he had resumed the ordinary functions of royalty in Jerusalem, he was one day disturbed by an unexpected and ominous visit from a prophet of the Lord
[2Ch 19:2].
This was Jehu, of whose father we read in
2Ch 16:7.
He himself had been called to discharge the prophetic office in Israel. But probably for his bold rebuke to Baasha
(1Ki 16:1),
he had been driven by that arbitrary monarch within the territory of Judah, where we now find him with the privileged license of his order, taking the same religious supervision of Jehoshaphat's proceedings as he had formerly done of Baasha's. At the interview here described, he condemned, in the strongest terms, the king of Judah's imprudent and incongruous league with Ahab--God's open enemy
(1Ki 22:2)
--as an unholy alliance that would be conducive neither to the honor and comfort of his house nor to the best interests of his kingdom. He apprised Jehoshaphat that, on account of that grave offense, "wrath was upon him from before the Lord," a judgment that was inflicted soon after (see on
2Ch 20:1-37).
The prophet's rebuke, however, was administered in a mingled strain of severity and mildness; for he interposed "a nevertheless"
(2Ch 19:3),
which implied that the threatened storm would be averted, in token of the divine approval of his public efforts for the promotion of the true religion, as well as of the sincere piety of his personal character and life.
4
无标题
4. 他又出巡民间——这是指他重新任命公众教育的专员
(2Ch 17:7-9)，
也许赋予新的权限，并配备更庞大的助手队伍，以遍及全地各处。为此所需的教师人数不难凑齐，因为整个利未支派如今都集中在犹大王国之内。
英文原文
4. he went out again through the people--This means his reappointing the commissioners of public instruction
(2Ch 17:7-9),
perhaps with new powers and a larger staff of assistants to overtake every part of the land. The complement of teachers required for that purpose would be easily obtained because the whole tribe of Levites was now concentrated within the kingdom of Judah.
5
2Ch 19:5-7.
2Ch 19:5-7.
他对士师的训勉
5-7. 他在境内设立士师——早先已有司法法庭的设立。但约沙法是第一位按照如今支离破碎的犹大王国之情形来调整这些制度的王。他在各坚固城——即各区的首府——设立地方法庭（参看
De 16:18
的注释）。
英文原文
2Ch 19:5-7.
HIS INSTRUCTIONS TO THE JUDGES.
5-7. he set judges in the land--There had been judicial courts established at an early period. But Jehoshaphat was the first king who modified these institutions according to the circumstances of the now fragmentary kingdom of Judah. He fixed local courts in each of the fortified cities, these being the provincial capitals of every district (see on
De 16:18).
8
2Ch 19:8-11.
2Ch 19:8-11.
致祭司和利未人
8. 从利未人中……祭司，和以色列族长中派定的——这三类人中的若干人组成了一个最高法庭，设于耶路撒冷，复审下级法庭的上诉案件。它分为两部分：第一部分管辖教会事务；第二部分管辖民事、财政和刑事案件。另有人认为，这最高法庭的两部分分别按以下原则裁决：一部分按圣卷中所载的律法；另一部分按习惯与衡平的法则。正如今日东方各国，成文法与不成文法是分别管辖的对象。
英文原文
2Ch 19:8-11.
TO THE PRIESTS AND LEVITES.
8. set of the Levites . . . priests, and of the chief of the fathers of Israel--A certain number of these three classes constituted a supreme court, which sat in Jerusalem to review appellate cases from the inferior courts. It consisted of two divisions: the first of which had jurisdiction in ecclesiastical matters; the second, in civil, fiscal, and criminal cases. According to others, the two divisions of the supreme court adjudicated: the one according to the law contained in the sacred books; the other according to the law of custom and equity. As in Eastern countries at the present day, the written and unwritten law are objects of separate jurisdiction.
2Ch 19:1-4.
约沙法巡视全国
1-4. 约沙法……平平安安地回宫——（参
2Ch 18:16）。
他在耶路撒冷恢复履行王政日常职务不久，有一天便因耶和华的一位先知突如其来的不祥来访而受到惊扰
[2Ch 19:2]。
这位就是耶户，其父亲见于
2Ch 16:7
的记载。他本人曾被召在以色列履行先知的职事。但大概因他曾严厉责备巴沙
(1Ki 16:1)，
被那专横的君王驱逐到犹大境内；如今我们就在这里看见他，凭他先知职分的特权，对约沙法的行事施行同样的属灵监督，正如他从前对巴沙所作的一样。在此次会面中，他以最严厉的措辞谴责犹大王与亚哈——神公然的仇敌
(1Ki 22:2)
——所订的轻率而不相称的联盟，指出这是不圣洁的结盟，既不利于他王室的名声与安泰，也无益于他国家的福祉。他警告约沙法：因这严重的罪，「耶和华的怒气必临到你」，这审判不久之后便临到（参看
2Ch 20:1-37
的注释）。 然而先知的责备却是严厉与温和兼而有之；因为他加插了「然而」一词
(2Ch 19:3)，
暗示所威胁的刑罚将被免去，作为神对他为推行真道所作公开努力的悦纳，也是对他个人品性与生活之虔诚的认可。