1
De 19:1-13.
英文原文
De 19:1-13.
OF THE CITIES OF REFUGE.
2
无标题
2. 你要为自己分定三座城——「报血仇」的制度，即至近的亲属有为被杀的亲人复仇的本分，是那个时代的惯例（至今在阿拉伯人和东方其他民族中仍是如此），摩西便以改良的形式将其纳入他的律法。为保护误杀人的，他设立了一些逃城——约但河东已有三座被指定作此用途
（申 4:41； 民 35:11）；
在迦南被攻取之后，约但河西也要有三座享有同样特权。
在你地的中央——即处于显眼易达、距地的各边界以及彼此之间都相等的位置。
英文原文
2. Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land--Goelism, or the duty of the nearest kinsmen to avenge the death of a slaughtered relative, being the customary law of that age (as it still is among the Arabs and other people of the East), Moses incorporated it in an improved form with his legislative code. For the protection of the unintentional homicide, he provided certain cities of refuge--three had been destined for this purpose on the east of Jordan
(De 4:41; Nu 35:11);
three were to be invested with the same privilege on the west of that river when Canaan should be conquered.
in the midst of thy land--in such a position that they would be conspicuous and accessible, and equidistant from the extremities of the land and from each other.
3
无标题
3. 你要预备道路——通往逃城的路要保养完好，溪流河汊要架设坚固的桥梁；路宽定为三十二肘；在各十字路口要设立路标，上书Mekeleth, Mekeleth，即"避难所，避难所"。
将你的地……分作三部分——即从南到北的整个疆域。约旦河两岸每侧各三座城彼此相对，"如同葡萄园中两行葡萄树"（参
书 20:7）。
英文原文
3. Thou shalt prepare thee a way--The roads leading to them were to be kept in good condition and the brooks or rivers to be spanned by good bridges; the width of the roads was to be thirty-two cubits; and at all the crossroads signposts were to be erected with the words, Mekeleth, Mekeleth, "refuge, refuge," painted on them.
divide the coasts of thy land . . . into three parts--the whole extent of the country from the south to the north. The three cities on each side of Jordan were opposite to each other, "as two rows of vines in a vineyard" (see on
Jos 20:7).
6
无标题
6, 7. 免得报血仇的心热火追赶他——本节是
申 19:3
的延续（因为
申 19:4, 5
属说明性质，为插叙形式），其意思是：若误杀者的亲属在骤然激愤的冲动下，未经查问情由，对那杀人者——无论他何等无辜——施行当场报复，律法是容忍此类行为的；当予以免罪。但为了防止这种鲁莽之举，设立了逃城以收容杀人者，使"无辜之血不流在你的地上"
(申 19:10)。
若为蓄意谋杀
(申 19:11, 12)，
逃城并不提供庇护；但若只是误杀，逃亡者一进城门，便寻得安全的避难所
(民 35:26-28; 书 20:6)。
英文原文
6, 7. Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot--This verse is a continuation of
De 19:3
(for
De 19:4, 5,
which are explanatory, are in a parenthetical form), and the meaning is that if the kinsman of a person inadvertently killed should, under the impulse of sudden excitement and without inquiring into the circumstances, inflict summary vengeance on the homicide, however guiltless, the law tolerated such an act; it was to pass with impunity. But to prevent such precipitate measures, the cities of refuge were established for the reception of the homicide, that "innocent blood might not be shed in thy land"
(De 19:10).
In the case of premeditated murder
(De 19:11, 12),
they afforded no immunity; but, if it were only manslaughter, the moment the fugitive was within the gates, he found himself in a safe asylum
(Nu 35:26-28; Jos 20:6).
8
无标题
8, 9. 耶和华你神若扩张你境——若他们的版图扩展到从黑门、基列直到幼发拉底河的全境，就要再设立三座逃城（参
创 15:18; 出 23:31）。
但此处隐晦地暗示，这最后一项规定永不会付诸实行，因为以色列人不会满足其条件，即"谨守诫命、爱耶和华、永远行在祂的道路中"。事实上，那片版图虽为大卫和所罗门征服，我们并未见设立逃城；因为那两位君王只是使原住民纳贡，而未派遣以色列殖民去占有。况且逃城之特权只赐予以色列人；再者，那片被征服之地也未在希伯来君王治下维持很久。
英文原文
8, 9. And if the Lord thy God enlarge thy coast--Three additional sanctuaries were to be established in the event of their territory extending over the country from Hermon and Gilead to the Euphrates (see
Ge 15:18; Ex 23:31).
But it was obscurely hinted that this last provision would never be carried into effect, as the Israelites would not fulfil the conditions, namely, "that of keeping the commandments, to love the Lord, and walk ever in his ways." In point of fact, although that region was brought into subjection by David and Solomon, we do not find that cities of refuge were established; because those sovereigns only made the ancient inhabitants tributary, instead of sending a colony of Israelites to possess it. The privilege of sanctuary cities, however, was given only for Israelites; and besides, that conquered territory did not remain long under the power of the Hebrew kings.
14
De 19:14.
申 19:14.
地界不可挪移。
14. 你邻舍的界碑，就是先人所定在你产业上的，你不可挪移——巴勒斯坦关于圈地的情形，至今仍与历来一样。虽然菜园和葡萄园以干石墙或仙人掌篱笆围护，但可耕田的边界只用一条小沟、一个小石冢或一块竖石来标记，按一定间隔放置。不诚实的人显然可以轻易地用土填满小沟，或把这些石头移动几英尺，几乎不会被察觉，从而以偷偷蚕食邻舍来扩大自己的田地。这条律法便是为防止此类侵占而设。
英文原文
De 19:14.
THE LANDMARK IS NOT TO BE REMOVED.
14. Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old have set in thine inheritance--The state of Palestine in regard to enclosures is very much the same now as it has always been. Though gardens and vineyards are surrounded by dry-stone walls or hedges of prickly pear, the boundaries of arable fields are marked by nothing but by a little trench, a small cairn, or a single erect stone, placed at certain intervals. It is manifest that a dishonest person could easily fill the gutter with earth, or remove these stones a few feet without much risk of detection and so enlarge his own field by a stealthy encroachment on his neighbor's. This law, then, was made to prevent such trespasses.
15
De 19:15.
申 19:15.
须有两个见证。
15. 人无论犯什么罪，不可凭一个见证人的口定罪——以下规范法庭接纳证词的条例，建立在自然公正的原则上。单一见证人不足以定被告之罪。
英文原文
De 19:15.
TWO WITNESSES REQUIRED.
15. One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity--The following rules to regulate the admission of testimony in public courts are founded on the principles of natural justice. A single witness shall not be admitted to the condemnation of an accused person.
16
De 19:16-21.
申 19:16-21.
作假见证者的刑罚。
16-21. 但若被定作伪证，这足以定他自己的罪，他所受的刑罚当与那被他恶毒控告之人本该承受的完全相同。（参
出 21:23；
并参
利 24:20)。
英文原文
De 19:16-21.
PUNISHMENT OF A FALSE WITNESS.
16-21. But if convicted of perjury, it will be sufficient for his own condemnation, and his punishment shall be exactly the same as would have overtaken the object of his malignant prosecution. (See on
Ex 21:23;
see also
Le 24:20).
申 19:1-13。
论逃城。