1
De 24:1-22.
英文原文
De 24:1-22.
OF DIVORCES.
1-4. When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favour in his eyes--It appears that the practice of divorces was at this early period very prevalent amongst the Israelites, who had in all probability become familiar with it in Egypt [LANE]. The usage, being too deep-rooted to be soon or easily abolished, was tolerated by Moses
(Mt 19:8).
But it was accompanied under the law with two conditions, which were calculated greatly to prevent the evils incident to the permitted system; namely: (1) The act of divorcement was to be certified on a written document, the preparation of which, with legal formality, would afford time for reflection and repentance; and (2) In the event of the divorced wife being married to another husband, she could not, on the termination of that second marriage, be restored to her first husband, however desirous he might be to receive her.
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5. 人若娶了新妇，不可出征——这条免役之律出于良好的政策，并有利于婚姻；因为它为新婚夫妇的感情得以更加牢固地扎根提供了充分的机会，并减少或消除了刚刚提到的离婚的机会。
英文原文
5. When a man hath taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war--This law of exemption was founded on good policy and was favorable to matrimony, as it afforded a full opportunity for the affections of the newly married pair being more firmly rooted, and it diminished or removed occasions for the divorces just mentioned.
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6. 不可拿人的全盘磨石或是上磨石作当头——"上磨石"呈凹形，如盖子盖在"下磨石"上；它有一小孔用以倒入谷物，还有一手柄用以转动。这条律法的合理性建立在每日清晨磨谷物以供当日食用的习俗上。因此，手磨的两块磨石若缺其一，人就会被剥夺其必需的粮食。
英文原文
6. No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge--The "upper" stone being concave, covers the "nether" like a lid; and it has a small aperture, through which the corn is poured, as well as a handle by which it is turned. The propriety of the law was founded on the custom of grinding corn every morning for daily consumption. If either of the stones, therefore, which composed the handmill was wanting, a person would be deprived of his necessary provision.
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7. 若遇见人拐带以色列人中的一个弟兄——（参
出 21:16）。
英文原文
7. If a man be found stealing any of his brethren--(See
Ex 21:16).
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8, 9. 大麻风的灾病要谨慎——（参
利 13:14）。
英文原文
8, 9. Take heed in the plague of leprosy--(See
Le 13:14).
10
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10-13. 你借给邻舍无论什么，不可进他家拿他的当头——所推荐的做法是出于体贴的善意，以顾及借债者的感受。穷人若以衣服作当头，日落前要还给他，因为东方国家的穷人睡觉时，通常除了白天所穿的那件之外，没有别的遮盖。
英文原文
10-13. When thou dost lend thy brother anything, thou shalt not go into his house to fetch his pledge--The course recommended was, in kind and considerate regard, to spare the borrower's feelings. In the case of a poor man who had pledged his cloak, it was to be restored before night, as the poor in Eastern countries have commonly no other covering for wrapping themselves in when they go to sleep than the garment they have worn during the day.
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14, 15. 困苦穷乏的雇工，无论是你的弟兄，或是在你城里寄居的，你不可欺负他——东方的雇工在当日结束时领取工钱；主人若欺骗劳动者应得的工价，或非法扣留一夜，可能使一个穷人连同家人受苦，因此是当避免的不义
(利 19:13)。
英文原文
14, 15. Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy--Hired servants in the East are paid at the close of the day; and for a master to defraud the laborer of his hire, or to withhold it wrongfully for a night, might have subjected a poor man with his family to suffering and was therefore an injustice to be avoided
(Le 19:13).
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16-18. 不可因子杀父——这条规定是给审判官作为指引的，它确立了任何人都不为他人的罪行负责的公正原则。
英文原文
16-18. The fathers shall not be put to death for the children--The rule was addressed for the guidance of magistrates, and it established the equitable principle that none should be responsible for the crimes of others.
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19-22. 你在田间收割庄稼，若忘下一捆——庄稼或被连根拔起或用镰刀割下，松散地堆成禾捆；橄榄的果实是用长竿击打树枝取得；葡萄串则用钩子割下，交到摘葡萄者手中。这里为穷人订下了一项仁慈的规定。收割田里每一个被遗忘的禾捆都要留下；橄榄树不可再打第二次；葡萄也不可再摘，好让寄居的、孤儿和寡妇在拾取所余之时，心因神的丰盛赐予而欢喜。
英文原文
19-22. When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field--The grain, pulled up by the roots or cut down with a sickle, was laid in loose sheaves; the fruit of the olive was obtained by striking the branches with long poles; and the grape clusters, severed by a hook, were gathered in the hands of the vintager. Here is a beneficent provision for the poor. Every forgotten sheaf in the harvest-field was to lie; the olive tree was not to be beaten a second time; nor were grapes to be gathered, in order that, in collecting what remained, the hearts of the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow might be gladdened by the bounty of Providence.
申 24:1-22。
论休妻。
1-4. 人娶了妻，得她以后，若在她眼前不蒙恩悦——看来休妻之事在这早期于以色列人中已甚为普遍，他们很可能是在埃及早已习以为常
[LANE]。
这习俗根深蒂固，难以很快或轻易废除，故摩西予以宽容
（太 19:8）。
但律法附有两项条件，旨在大大防止这获准制度所带来的弊端，即：（1）休妻之举须以书面文件证明，其拟定既需经过合法的正式手续，便可提供反省与悔改的时机；（2）若被休之妻另嫁他人，则在该次婚姻结束时，无论前夫多么愿意重新接纳她，她都不能复归前夫。